ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Biographies : History of the Caribbean </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2006 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Timeline </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../timelines/wh/tlcaribbean.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../timelines/whchapters.html"> <img src = "../../region/banners/banbiography.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Historical Dictionary </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on June 17th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Biographies : History of the Caribbean </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/biographies/wh/biocaribbean.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "150"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <A NAME = "aristide">Aristide, <BR> Jean Bertrand</A> <BR><BR><BR> Baby Doc <BR> <A NAME = "batista">Batista, Fulgencio</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "mauricebishop">Bishop, Maurice</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "blackbeard">Blackbeard</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "delascasas">Casas, <BR> Bartolome de las</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "fidelcastro">Castro, Fidel</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "dessalines">Dessalines, <BR> Jean-Jacques</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "papadoc">Duvalier, Fran&ccedil;ois</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "babydoc">Duvalier, Jean Claude</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "esnambuc">d'Esnambuc, <BR> Pierre Belain</A> <BR> <A NAME = "josephine">Josephine</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "josemarti">Marti, Jose</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "henrymorgan">Morgan, Henry</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "toussaintlouverture">L'Ouvertoure, Toussaint</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> Papa Doc <BR> <A NAME = "williampenn">Penn, William</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "petervonscholten">Scholten, Peter von</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "jacquesdesores">Sores, Jacques de</A> <BR> <A NAME = "peterstuyvesant">Stuyvesant, Peter</A> <BR><BR><BR> Tascher, Marie <BR> Josephe Rose <BR> Teach, Edward <BR> <A NAME = "trujillo">Trujillo, <BR> Rafael Leonida</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "velasquez">Velasquez, Diego</A> <BR><BR><BR> </font></TD> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "500"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> born in 1953 on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#haiti">Haiti</A>; populist politician, elected president in 1991, ousted; reinstated <BR> into office by a U.S. intervention force in 1994 (-1996), reelected in 2001; when an <BR> armed insurrection threatened to reach the capital, a U.S. intervention force removed <BR> him from Haiti. <BR> see under Fran&ccedil;ois Duvalier <BR> born in 1901 on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#cuba">Cuba</A>; military officer, participated in 1933 coup d'etat, elected <BR> president in 1940 (-1944), staged another coup d'etat in 1952, dictator 1952-1959. His <BR> administration was corrupt. Overthrown in 1959 by revolutionaries under Fidel Castro; <BR> died in 1973. <BR> born in 1944 on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#grenada">Grenada</A>, socialist politician, as leader of the New Jewel Movement in <BR> 1979 he succeeded PM Eric Gairy. Although he pursued socialist policies and sought <BR> close ties with <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#cuba">Cuba</A>, in 1983 he was murdered by radicals within his own party; a U.S. <BR> invasion force landed a few days after. <BR> c.1680-1718, English pirate, full name Edward Teach; terrorized Caribbean Sea 1716- <BR> 1718. Established a basis in Nassau, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#bahamas">Bahamas</A> ("Privateers' Republic"). Killed in a <BR> fight off the coast of Virginia. <BR> 1474-1566, Spanish Dominican friar, participated in the Conquest of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#cuba">Cuba</A>, first priest <BR> to be ordained in the New World (1612), joined Dominican Order in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#stodomingo">Santo Domingo</A> in <BR> 1623.wrote <i>A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies</i>. <BR> born in 1926 in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#cuba">Cuba</A>, studied law, ran for parliament; after Batista's coup d'etat in 1953 <BR> he organized armed resistance; temporarily exiled, he returned, again organized armed <BR> resistance, ousted the Batista govt. in 1959, turned Cuba into a Communist People's <BR> Republic, served as PM (until 1976), then as President. <BR> born in 1758 as a slave on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#haiti">Haiti</A>. Served in the French army; became leader of the <BR> Haitian Revolution in 1801; declared Haitian independence from France in 1804, pro- <BR> claimed himself emperor in 1805. Ruled in the style of a dictator; was assassinated <BR> in 1806. <BR> born in 1907, elected president of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#haiti">Haiti</A> in 1957 (Papa Doc), reelected in 1961; ruled <BR> like a dictator, using the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#tontonsmakouts">Tontons Makouts</A> (Haiti's secret police) as a tool to control <BR> the streets. In 1964 proclaimed President for Life; died in 1971, succeeded by his son <BR> Jean Claude (Baby Doc). <BR> born in 1951; succeeded his father as dictator of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#haiti">Haiti</A> in 1971, following massive <BR> street protest he fled to France in 1986. Nicknamed Baby Doc. <BR> born in 1585 in Normandy; in 1624 he established the French settlement on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#stkitts">St. <BR> Kitts</A>; in 1635 he established French rule on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</A> and <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#martinique">Martinique</A>. <BR> born in 1763 as Marie Josephe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie, on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#martinique">Martinique</A>, as the <BR> daughter of a plantation owner. In 1779 she married Alexandre de Beauharnais, <BR> who was guillotined in 1794. Met, married Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796, was crowned <BR> Empress of France in 1804, divorced by Napoleon in 1810. Died in 1814. <BR> Jose Julian Marti y Perez, born on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#cuba">Cuba</A> in 1853, leader of the Cuban independence <BR> movement, killed while invading Cuba with a force of exiles in 1895. <BR> born in Wales c.1635, buccaneer who since 1660 terrorized the Spanish; in 1670 <BR> his men sacked the city of Panama (on the Pacific Ocean). Arrested and sent <BR> England in 1672, he was knighted and appointed Governor of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#jamaica">Jamaica</A>; served from <BR> 1674-1688; died in 1688. <BR> Fran&ccedil;ois Dominique Toussaint l"Ouverture, born as a slave on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#haiti">Haiti</A> in 1743. <BR> Had learnt to read, write, ride a horse; freed c.1776. During the Haitian Revolution <BR> he became a leader; his militia defeated invading British and Spanish forces. In <BR> 1799 he invaded <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#stodomingo">Santo Domingo</A>; the Spanish surrendered in 1800. In 1802 he was <BR> arrested by Napoleon's envoy, and sent as a prisoner to France. He died in France <BR> in 1803. <BR> see under Fran&ccedil;ois Duvalier <BR> born in 1621, English admiral, conquered <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#jamaica">Jamaica</A> from the Spanish in 1655, retired <BR> in 1665, died in 1670. not to be confused with the philanthropist who founded <BR> Pennsylvania (1644-1718). <BR> born in 1784, Governor-General of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#danvi">Danish West Indies</A> 1827-1848, abolished slavery <BR> in the Danish West Indies in 1848, died in 1854. <BR> French Huguenot privateer, sacked <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#havana">Havana</A> in 1555 <BR> born c.1610, served as director of the W.I.C. (West Indische Compagnie) in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#curacao">Cura&ccedil;ao</A> <BR> 1642-1646, before being appointed governor of Nieue Amsterdam (in 1647, present <BR> New York). Died in 1672. <BR> see under Josephine <BR><BR> see under Blackbeard <BR> Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina, born in the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#dominicanrepublic">Dominican Republic</A> in 1891; career military <BR> officer; as general in 1930 staged a coup d'etat, ruled as dictator 1930-1961. Pursued <BR> personality cult (capital Santo Domingo renamed Ciudad Trujillo), in 1937 ordered the <BR> massacre of Haitian residents in the D.R.; pursued public works projects; faced <BR> international isolation at the end of his rule, was assassinated in 1961. <BR> Diego Velazquez de Cuellar , born in 1465 in Spain, commanded the Spanish Conquest <BR> of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcaribbean.html#cuba">Cuba</A>, governor of Cuba (seat Santiago de Cuba) until his death in 1524. Dispatched <BR> Hernan Cortez to establish contact with (and instructed him not to conquer the) Aztecs. <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> Lists of Statesmen from <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Cuba.html">Cuba</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Jamaica.htm">Jamaica</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Cayman_Islands.html">Cayman Islands</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Bermuda.html">Bermuda</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Bahamas.html">Bahamas</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Turks_Caicos.html">Turks & Caicos Islands</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Haiti.htm">Haiti</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Dominican_Republic.html">Dominican Republic</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Puerto_Rico.html">Puerto Rico</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Anguilla.html">Anguilla</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Br_Virgin_Is.html">British Virgin Islands</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Antigua_and_Barbuda.html">Antigua</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.html">St. Kitts & Nevis</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Netherlands_Antilles.htm">Netherlands' Antilles</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Guadeloupe.html">Guadeloupe</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Dominica.html">Dominica</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Martinique.htm">Martinique</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Saint_Lucia.html">Saint Lucia</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Saint_Vincent.html">St. Vincent</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Barbados.html">Barbados</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Grenada.html">Grenada</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Trinidad.html">Trinidad & Tobago</A> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> </DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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