ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Biographies : Classical Greece </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2006 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Timeline </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../timelines/wh/tlclasgr.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../timelines/whchapters.html"> <img src = "../../region/banners/banbiography.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdclasgr.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Historical Dictionary </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on May 31st 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Biographies : Classical Greece </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/biographies/wh/bioclasgr.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "150"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <A NAME = "agesilaus">Agesilaus</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "alcibiades">Alcibiades</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "aristoteles">Aristoteles</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "cleisthenes">Cleisthenes</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "croesus">Croesus</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "cypselus">Cypselus</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "demosthenes">Demosthenes</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "diogenes">Diogenes</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "dracon">Dracon</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "epaminondas">Epaminondas</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "herodotus">Herodotus</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "hesiod">Hesiod</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "hippias">Hippias</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "hippocrates">Hippocrates</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "homer">Homer</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "leonidas">Leonidas</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "lycurgus">Lycurgus</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "pausanias">Pausanias</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "peisistratus">Peisistratus</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "pericles">Pericles</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "pheidippides">Pheidippides</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "philip">Philip of Macedon</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "platon">Platon</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "pythagoras">Pythagoras</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "pythia">Pythia</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "socrates">Socrates</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "solon">Solon</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "sophocles">Sophocles</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "thales">Thales of Miletus</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "themistocles">Themistocles</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "thucydides">Thucydides</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "xenophon">Xenophon</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> </font></TD> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "500"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> Spartan King, 445-359 B.C. At the time of Spartan hegemony (since 404) he <BR> campaigned in Asia Minor 396-395, sacked Sardis. Undefeated, he had to return to <BR> Greece when Athens and Thebes, subsidized by the Persians, allied against Sparta. <BR> Athenian statesman and general, 451-404. A proponent of anti-Spartan policy, he <BR> devised the plan for and led the Athenian expedition to Sicily in 415, which ended <BR> in a disaster. Subsequently he was ostracized, then turning to Athens' archenemy <BR> Sparta, which he advised until expelled; then he turned to Persia, later to return to <BR> Athens, only to be ostracized a second time. <BR> in English, often spelled Aristotle. Greek philosopher, 384-322 B.C., a disciple of Platon. <BR> Opened a school at the Lyceum (Athens). Teacher of Alexander the Great in Pella, <BR> Macedon, 343-334. Works : <i>De Anima</i>, <i>Metaphysics</i>, <i>Nicomachean Ethics</i>. <BR> Athenian politician. Archon in 525 under tyrant Hippias, he orchestrated Hippias' ouster in <BR> 510 and is credited with the reinvention of Athenian democracy, especially the element of <BR> ostracism. Ironically, Cleisthenes was the first politician to be ostracized (507). <BR> Lydian King of legendary wealth; waged war against the Persian Empire, lost war and his <BR> kingdom. <BR> Overthrew the aristocratic government of Corinth in 657 and established tyranny. He ruled <BR> until 627 and was succeeded by his son Periander. The archetype of the first generation <BR> tyrants, his image was rather that of a reformer than of an oppressor. <BR> Athenian orator and politician, 384-322 B.C. Regarded one of the greatest speakers of <BR> Antiquity. A determined enemy of Philip II. of Macedon, he twice persuaded the Athenians <BR> to declare war on Macedon, in speeches known as Philippics. Both times the Athenians <BR> lost the ensuing war. <BR> Greek philosopher, around 412-323 B.C. An eccentric and cynic, most famous for his <BR> simple lifestyle - he lived in an empty barrel, threw away his cup when he saw a shepherd <BR> drinking out of his bare hands. <BR> sometimes spelled Draco, Athenian statesman, archon 621-620. He is credited with having <BR> given draconian (harsh) laws, later to be reformed by Solon. <BR> Theban statesman and general. He defeated the Spartans in the Battle of Leuctra 371, <BR> ending Spartan hegemony. He dissolved the Peloponnesian League, restored Messenian <BR> independence, founded Megalopolis, all steps to prevent Sparta to rise again. With his <BR> death in 362 Theban hegemony ended. <BR> Greek historian, around 484-425 B.C. Moved from Miletus to Athens; travelled <BR> extensively, later moved to Thurii in southern Italy.. Regarded the father of history, wrote <BR> the <i>Histories</i>. <BR> Greek poet/philosopher, c. 700 B.C. Born in Cyme (Aeolia, Asia Minor), moved to Ascra <BR> (Boeotia, Greek mainland). Proponent of simple country life, opposed to poleis. Works : <BR> <i>Theogony</i>, <i>Works and Days</i> <BR> Athenian tyrant 527-510, son of Peisistratus. He was deposed by Cleisthenes, with <BR> Spartan assistance; Cleisthenes reintroduced and redefined Athenian democracy, while <BR> Hippias went into exile, ultimately in Persia. When the Persians invaded Greece in 490 <BR> with the object of conquering Athens, Hippias accompanied them. <BR> Greek physician, around 460-377 B.C. Medical doctors are to swear the Hippocratic Oath, <BR> i.e. to declare to aid anyone according to his medical need, disregarding a.o. personal <BR> hatred, money etc. Regarded the father of medicine <BR> legendary Greek poet who is credited with having written both the <i>Iliad</i> and the <BR> <i>Odyssey</i>. Written down in the 8th century B.C., the Iliad and Odyssey contain oral <BR> tradition oral literature) which reaches back several centuries; some scholars assume, <BR> that they were written down by several persons, who in collective memory are referred <BR> to as Homer. see article from <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer">Wikipedia</A> <BR> King of Sparta, date of birth unknown. He ruled from 490 and died at Thermopylae <BR> in 480. Facing an army heavily outnumbering his, facing encirclement, he refused <BR> to retreat. With a few hundred Spartans and Thespians he defended the pass <BR> until the last man was cut down, delaying the Persian advance and covering the <BR> Athenians' retreat to Salamis. His epitaph read : <i>Wanderer, if you come to Sparta, <BR> report thither that you have seen me lying here, as the law commanded.</i> <BR> Legendary lawgiver of Sparta, around 700 B.C., credited with creating the Spartan <BR> constitution. <BR> Spartan King since 480, the victor in the Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.), conquered <BR> Byzantium 478. <BR> in English sometimes spelled Pisistratus, Athenian politician, 6th century B.C. In 561 and <BR> again in 546 he seized power, establishing himself as tyrant. (in 561 he was quickly <BR> ousted again). He died in 527, succeeded by his sons Hipparchus and Hippias. <BR> Athenian politician, c. 495-429 B.C. He dominated Athenian politics since 443, reformed <BR> Athenian democracy by eliminating the 4th and lowest class from participating in the <BR> assembly, thus creating the Aristocratic Democracy. The Age of Pericles is regarded the <BR> climax of Athenian history; culturally most productive. <BR> runner who ran, after the Battle of Marathon 490 B.C., back to Athens (42 km) to report <BR> the coming of the Persian fleet. <BR> born in 382 B.C., King of Macedon 359-336 B.C., father of Alexander the Great. King <BR> Philip II., in a series of campaigns, expanded Macedonia, made it the hegemon in <BR> Greece. was assassinated. <BR> also spelled Plato, Greek philosopher 427-347 B.C., disciple of Socrates, founder of the <BR> Athenian Academy. Works : <i>Gorgias</i>, <i>Phaedon</i>, <i>The Republic</i>, <i>Theaetetus</i>, <BR> <i>Timaeus</i> <BR> Greek statesman and philosopher, born on Samos, moved to Croton (s. Italy) c. 530, <BR> participated in overthrow of tyranny, established Pythagorean Federation, an alliance <BR> of Greek poleis in s. Italy with the intention of combatting/forestalling tyranny in the <BR> Greek poleis of S. Italy. Also a philosopher (mathematician), credited with the <BR> Pythagorean theorem, which actually was known to the Babylonians a millennium <BR> earlier <BR> name of a long series of priestesses at the Oracle of Delphi. The name came with the <BR> function. <BR> Greek philosopher 469-399 B.C. Questioning tradition and authority, he was accused <BR> of spoiling the youth and condemned to death. He did not leave any writing; his <BR> teaching is recorded in the writings of his disciple Platon. <BR> Greek statesman c. 640-559, Athens' second lawgiver. Archon in 594, he replaced the <BR> earlier Draconian laws with the less strict Solonian laws; regarded wise. <BR> Greek playwright, 496-406. Born at Colonus, he moved to Athens. His tragedies <BR> include <i>Antigone</i>, <i>Electra</i>, <i>Oedipus Rex</i>. <BR> Thales of Miletus, Greek philosopher c.634-546 B.C. (iin classical Greece, <BR> philosophy included all sciences). Mathematician and astronomer. <BR> Athenian statesman, c. 528-462 B.C. After the Athenian victory over the Persians at <BR> Marathon (490) Themistocles, expecting a repeat invasion, used the revenue of the <BR> Laurion silver mine to build a fleet. When the Persians invaded in 480, his fleet secured <BR> victory in the Battle of Salamis (480) and laid the basis to the Delian League, a step on <BR> the road to the Athenian seaborne empire. Themistocles was ostracised in 471, and, <BR> ironically, went to exile to Persia, where he was appointed governor of a satrapy. <BR> Athenian politician and historian; born 460 B.C. or shortly after, died in 395. Wrote <BR> <i>History of the Peloponnesian War</i>. <BR> Athenian politician, mercenary and historian, 430-354 B.C. With 10,000 other <BR> Greeks, he was hired as a mercenary by Persian prince Cyrus in his rebellion <BR> against his brother Artaxerxes in 401; after Cyrus' death in 400 he lead the <BR> 10,000 Greeks back home from Babylonia, in a march through enemy country. <BR> Wrote the <i>Anabasis</i> (on the march of the 10,000), the <i>Memorabilia</i> (on Socrates' <BR> teaching), the <i>Hellenica</i>. <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> PRINTED REFERENCE : <BR> <A HREF = "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0198606419/"><B>Oxford Classical Dictionary</B></A>, Oxford : UP, 3rd edition, 2003, 1704 pp., KMLA Lib.Sign. <B>R 938.003 S739o</B> <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> </DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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