ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Biographies : Early Christianity</title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2006 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Timeline </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../timelines/wh/tlechr.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../timelines/whchapters.html"> <img src = "../../region/banners/banbiography.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Historical Dictionary </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on May 19th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Biographies : Early Christianity </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/biographies/wh/bioechr.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "150"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <A NAME = "stambrose">St. Ambrose</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "arius">Arius</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "athanasius">Athanasius</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "staugustine">St. Augustine</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "stbenedict">St. Benedict of Nursia</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "constantine">Constantine the Great</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "diocletian">Diocletian</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "stjerome">St. Jerome</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "eusebiusofcaesarea">Eusebius of Caesarea</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "isidorofsevilla">Isidor of Sevilla</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "juliantheapostate">Julian the Apostate</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "mani">Mani</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "mensurius">Mensurius</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "nestorius">Nestorius</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "orosius">Orosius</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "tertullian">Tertullian</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "theodosius">Theodosius</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "ulfilas">Ulfilas</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> </font></TD> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "500"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> born in 340, bishop of Milan 374-397, died in 397. Influenced St. Augustine and Emperor <BR> Theodosius. One of the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#churchfathers">church fathers</A>. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01383c.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born c.250, lived in Egypt, became priest. Developed his own views, frequently in <BR> conflict with the church authorities. Established the doctrine of the essential difference <BR> between God the creator and God (son) the created. The followers of this doctrine <BR> were called <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#arianism">Arians</A>. Died in 336. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01718a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born in 296; died in 373. Bishop of Alexandria. Dominant figure of the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#council">Council</A> of <BR> Nicaea in 325, in which the concept of trinity was adopted and in which <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#arianism">Arianism</A> <BR> was rejected. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02035a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born in 354 in Numidia, died in 430 in the city of Hippo, then besieged by the <BR> Vandals undere King Gaiseric. A christian, influenced by St. Ambrose, he opposed <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#manichaeism">Manichaeism</A> and Pelagianism. He became bishop of Hippo Regius. He wrote <BR> "De Civitate Dei" (the city of God). Foremost of the church fathers. see article <BR> from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04295c.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born c.480, founder of monastery of Monte Cassino, of Benedictine Order, <BR> died 543. see <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict">Wikipedia Article</A> <BR> born in Naissus (Moesia) between 274 and 288; proclaimed Caesar in 306; was <BR> sympathetic to the church (which supported him in his struggle with his competitors) <BR> restored unity of Roman Empire; founded Constantinople as the new capital in 330, <BR> converted to (Arian) christianity on his deathbed in 337. The image of Constantine is <BR> somewhat tainted by centuries of christian historiography; the 'Constantinian Donation' <BR> is a falsification of an 8th century document. Under Constantine the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#council">Council</A> of Nicaea <BR> (325) was held; in his later years, Constantine favoured Arian christianity. For most of <BR> his life, his support of christianity may have been a means to achive political ends. <BR> see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04295c.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born in 245 in Dalmatia; Roman Emperor since 284. After the descructive era of the <BR> Soldier Emperors (since 192), Diocletian restored the unity of the Roman Empire. <BR> In order to better organize defense, he established the Tetrarchy. He ordered the <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#persecutions">persecution</A> of the christians (304-311). He resided in his palace in Salona, bear <BR> Split in Dalmatia. Retired in 305, died in 313. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08341a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born c.340 on border of Pannonia and Dalmatia; died in 420. From 382 to 405 he <BR> translated the old and new testament into Latin, the result, the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#vulgata">Vulgata</A>, being the <BR> authoritative Latin version of the bible until late into the 16th century. see article <BR> from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08341a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born c.260, died before 341. "Father of Church History". Bishop of Caesarea in <BR> Palestine. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05617b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born c.560 in Visigothic Spain; died in 636. Bishop of Sevilla, established rules <BR> for monastic life; promoted <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#monasticism">Monasticism</A>. see article from <BR> <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08186a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born in 331 in Constantinople, son of brother of Constantine the Great. Attributed <BR> responsibility of the massacre of his relatives to christians; temporarily professed <BR> christian belief in order to get promoted; military commander since 355, Emperor <BR> 361-363. Became an adherent of pagan beliefs in 354; ordered the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#persecutions">persecution</A> of <BR> christians. Died of disease during a campaign against the Persians in Mesopotamia. <BR> see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08558b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> lived in the second half of the third century; founder of a synchretistic religion <BR> (Manichaeism) based on Zoroastrian dualism, with Buddhist and Christian <BR> elements. Spread rapidly throughout the Roman Empire, into Central Asia and India; <BR> lived on for a thousand years. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09591a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> Bishop of Carthago during the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#persecutions">persecution</A> of christians under Diocletian and <BR> Galienus; ordered the handover of christian writings to the authorities when the <BR> community was threatened with physical extermination. Rejected criticism by the <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#donatism">Donatists</A>. <BR> a native of Syria; consecrated <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> of Constantinople in 428. At the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#council">Council</A> of <BR> Ephesus in 431 his interpretation of the double nature of Christ (Christ the man, <BR> Christ the Reincarnation of God) was condemned. Nestorius was deposed; he spent <BR> the remainder of his life living under an alias; he died in 451. Adherents of his <BR> teaching, the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdechr.html#nestorians">Nestorians</A>, continued to thrive in his native Syria. see article from <BR> <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10755a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born between 380 and 390 in Lusitania (Portugal), was ordained as a priest, engaged <BR> in theologian discussions with St. Augustine, in regional council at Jerusalem in 415 <BR> he attacked Pelagius and his interpretation. Back in Spain, he wrote a Universal <BR> History 'contra paganorum' (against the pagans). see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11322a.htm">Catholic <BR> Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born c.160 at Carthago, converted to christianity c.197, wrote a number of publications, <BR> is regarded one of the church fathers; in 206/211 he withdrew from the Catholic Church, <BR> maintaining a followership. These followers were reintegrated into the Catholic Church <BR> by St. Augustine, two centuries later. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14520c.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born c.346 in Spain; made co-Emperor for the East in 379, following the disaster of 378. <BR> Theodosius promoted Catholicism (Council of Ephesus 381), persecuted Arianism and <BR> ordered the closure of pagan institutions (Olympic Games, Athenian Academy, <BR> Delphic Oracle). Theodosius defeated the other Emperors and briefly restored the <BR> unity of the Empire, before splitting it up, finally, among his sons in 395. see <BR> article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14577d.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> also spelled Wulfila, a Goth taken prisoner by the East Romans; converted to <BR> Arian christianity, translated part of the New Testament into Gothic (thus turning <BR> Gothic into a written language, utilizing the Greek alphabet), returned to the <BR> Visigoths, began Arian christian mission among them (apostle of the eastern <BR> Germanics); see <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulfilas">Wikipedia Article</A> <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> </DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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