ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Biographies : History of the Orthodox and Eastern Churches </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2006 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Timeline </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../timelines/wh/tlorthodoxy.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../timelines/whchapters.html"> <img src = "../../region/banners/banbiography.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Historical Dictionary </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on May 24th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Biographies : History of the Orthodox and Eastern Churches </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/biographies/wh/bioorthodoxy.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "150"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <A NAME = "adrian">Adrian, <BR> Patriarch of Moscow</A> <BR> <A NAME = "athanasius">Athanasius <BR> the Athonite</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "stcyril">St. Cyril</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "gennadiusii">Gennadius II. <BR> Patriarch of Const.</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "stgregoryilluminator">St. Gregory <BR> the Illuminator</A> <BR> <A NAME = "gregoryv">Gregory V. <BR> Patriarch of Const.</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "jacobusbaradaeus">Jacobus Baradaeus</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "methodius">Methodius</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "michaelceruleus">Michael Cerulareus</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "nikon">Nikon, <BR> Patriarch of Moscow</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "paissiofhilendar">Paissi of Hilendar</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "photius">Photius</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "rasputin">Rasputin, Grigory</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "stsava">St. Sava</A> <BR><BR> </font></TD> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "500"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> of Moscow 1690-1700, last patriarch of the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#russianch">Russian Church</A> for 217 years. <BR><BR> born in Trebizond; became a monk, supported Emperor Nicephoros Phocas against Saracen <BR> invaders. Was permitted to found a monastery on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#mtathos">Mount Athos</A> in 961. Established the <BR> constitution of Mount Athos as a Monastic Republic, making enemies of other monks in <BR> the process. Was killed when parts of the ceiling of a church caved in. see article from <BR> <A HREF = "http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1589">Catholic Saints Online</A> <BR> born in 827 in Salonica; became a monk. Together with his brother Methodius sent on a <BR> mission to the Khazars in 861; on another mission to Moravia in 863. Here he and his <BR> brother established a church and developed the Old Slavonic liturgy and the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#glagolithicalphabet">Glagolithic <BR> alphabet</A>. Saint Cyril died in Rome in 869. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintc08.htm">Patron Saints Index</A> <BR> civilian name Gregory Scholarius; was appointed <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> of Constantinople in 1454 (the <BR> first after the Ottoman Conquest). Within the Ottoman Millet System, the Patriarch was <BR> to represent the entire Orthodox community and to accept responsibility for its <BR> internal administration. Retired in 1466. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06416b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born c.257, died c.337, apostle and patron saint of the Armenians, who converted to <BR> christianity in 301 A.D. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07023a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> of Constantinople 1797-1798, 1806-1808, 1818-1821. When the Greek <BR> Rebellion broke out in 1821 (in Moldavia), he was held responsible by the Ottoman <BR> authorities, and hanged. <BR> first <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> of the monophysite church of Syria (ordained in 541). The Syrian Orthodox <BR> Church, after him, also is called the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#jacobitech">Jacobite Church</A>. died in 578. see article from <BR> <A HREF = "http://www.fact-index.com/j/ja/jacob_baradaeus.html">fact index</A> <BR> elder brother of St. Cyril, born in 826 in Salonica; became a monk. Together with his <BR> brother sent on a mission to the Khazars in 861; on another mission to Moravia in 863. <BR> Here he and his brother established a church and developed the Old Slavonic liturgy and <BR> the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#glagolithicalphabet">Glagolithic alphabet</A>. he died in 885. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04592a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> born c.1000, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> of Constantinople 1043-1059. In 1054, an envoy of Pope Leo IX. <BR> entered the Hagia Sophia, where Ceruleus was celebrating mass, and excommunicated <BR> the patriarch, who responded by excommunicating Pope Leo IX. This marks the (formal) <BR> beginning of the Great Schism. see article from <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Cerularius">Wikipedia</A> <BR> born in 1605, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> of Moscow from 1652 to 1658, died in 1681. Implemented a <BR> reform of the rite, based on a new Russian translation of Greek liturgical texts. This led <BR> to a schism within the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#russianch">Russian Orthodox Church</A>, as the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#oldbelievers">Old Believers</A> refused to <BR> accept these changes. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.fact-index.com/p/pa/patriarch_nikon.html">Fact Index</A> <BR> 1722-1773, Bulgarian monk, who, in 1760, published <i>A Slavonic-Bulgarian History of <BR> the Peoples, Tsars, Saints, and of all their Deeds and of the Bulgarian Way of Life</i>. He <BR> is regarded the father of the Bulgarian cultural reawakening. <BR> born c.815, ordained <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> of Constantinople in 857; he was supported by Emperor <BR> Michael III. and deposed upon the latter's death in 867. Patriarch Photius sent St. Cyril <BR> and Methodius on missions to the Khazars (in 861) and to Moravia in 863, and thus shares <BR> credit for the conversion of the Slavs. he died in 897. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12043b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia</A> <BR> a Siberian monk who gained influence over Empress Alexandra of Russia, because he <BR> was believed to be responsible for stopping her hemophiliac son, the Czarevich, bleed. <BR> his unrestrained lifestyle and poor manners caused numerous scandals. In 1916 he <BR> was murdered by a relative of the Czar. <BR> c.1175-c.1235, son of Serbian King Stephen Nemanja, first archbishop of Serbia 1219-<BR> 1233, Serbian patron saint. see article from <A HREF = "http://www.fact-index.com/s/sa/saint_sava.html">Fact Index</A> <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> List of Patriarchs of Constantinople, from <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Constantinople_patriarchs">Wikipedia</A> <BR> List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow, from <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_of_Moscow">Wikipedia</A> <BR> List of Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria, from <A HREF = "http://www.fact-index.com/l/li/list_of_orthodox_patriarchs_of_alexandria.html">Fact Index</A> <BR> List of Patriarchs of Antioch, from <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch">Wikipedia</A> <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> </DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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