ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Historical Dictionaries : Sikhism </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Timeline </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../timelines/wh/tlsikhism.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../timelines/whchapters.html"> <img src = "../banhistdic.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosikhism.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Biographies </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on July 11th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Historical Dictionaries : Sikhism </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histdic/wh/hdsikhism.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "150"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> Note <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "amritsar">Amritsar</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "anglosikhwars">Anglo-Sikh Wars</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "goldentemple">Golden Temple</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "gurdwara">Gurdwara</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "guru">Guru</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "khalistan">Khalistan</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "khalsa">Khalsa</A> <BR><BR> <A NAME = "lahore">Lahore</A> <BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "langar">Langar</A> <BR> Operation Bluestar <BR> <A NAME = "punjab">Punjab</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "sggs">SGGS</A> <BR><BR><BR><BR> <A NAME = "zafarnama">Zafarnama</A> <BR><BR><BR> </font></TD> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "500"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> While Khalistan and Baba Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale are listed in WHKMLA files <BR> on the history of Sikhism, WHKMLA does not associate herself with the goals of <BR> Sikh separatism. <BR><BR> city located in the Indian part of the Punjab, home to the Golden Temple, cultural center of <BR> Sikhism. <BR> two wars fought by the <A HREF = "hdsasia.html#eic">E.I.C.</A> against the Sikh state in the Punjab, <A HREF = "../../military/19cen/sikhwar1.html">1845-1846</A> and <BR> <A HREF = "../../military/19cen/sikhwar2.html">1848-1849</A>. After the second A.-S. War, the Sikh state in the Punjab was annexed by the <BR> E.I.C. <BR> (Harmandir Sahib) constructed in Amritsar in 1573-1601 by Gurus Ram Das and Arjun <BR> Dev. Cultural center of Sikhism. In 1984, Indian forces stormed the Golden Temple where <BR> Sikh separatists were holding out (Operation Bluestar). <BR> a Sikh temple. Its most precious treasure is the SGGS. The most famous Gurdwara is the <BR> Golden Temple of Amritsar <BR> Indian script, literally "from the mouth of the Gurus". Gurmukhi was developed by Sikh <BR> Guru Angad Dev in the 16th century. It is used to express Punjabi language. <BR> teacher, in the meaning of being an authority in matters of religion and lifestyle. The Sikh <BR> community in the 16th and 17th centuries was lead by a line of ten Gurus, each of which <BR> designated his successor, often among his descendants or relatives. Since 1708, the <BR> SGGS has the function of the 11th and final Sikh Guru. <BR> name Sikh separatists proposed for the independent Sikh state they hoped to establish, <BR> in the 1970es and 1980es. <BR> term applying to Sikhs who were baptised. Khalsa have to wear 5 Kakkars - steel bangle, <BR> uncut hair, small ceremonial sword, small comb, shorts or pants. <BR> historical capital of the Punjab. A center of Islam since the 11th century; in 1799 conquered <BR> by Sikh Ranjit Singh and made capital of his state in the Punjab. Annexed by the E.I.C. in <BR> 1849. With the larger part of the Punjab allocated to <A HREF = "../../region/india/xpakistan.html">Pakistan</A> in 1947. <BR> Sikh tradition of handing out free meals to deserving people at the Gurdwara (temple). <BR> click <A HREF = "hdsasia.html#operationbluestar">here</A> <BR> geographical region in central <A HREF = "../../region/india/xpakistan.html">Pakistan</A>; historical state. Historical capital Lahore; the far <BR> population majority is Muslim. It is also the country where Sikhism originated. In 1947 <BR> Punjab was partitioned; the larger western part with Lahore became part of Pakistan, the <BR> smaller eastern part with Amritsar became part of India. <BR> Sri Guru Granth Sahib, holy book of the Sikhs. Compilation began under the fifth Guru, <BR> Arjan Dev (1581-1606). In 1708 the book was given the status of the 11th Guru. It is the <BR> most valued treasure of every Gurdwara (Sikh temple). Written in Punjabi language and <BR> Gurmukhi script. <BR> poem which the 10th Guru, Gobind Singh, in 1705 sent to Mughal Emperor <A HREF = "../../biographies/biosasia.html#aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</A>. It <BR> defied Aurangzeb's authority and accused him of being unjust. Aurangzeb died in 1707; <BR> Gobind Singh was executed in Delhi in 1708. <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> ONLINE REFERENCE : <BR> Article Sikhism, from <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism">Wikipedia</A> <BR> <A HREF = "http://www.sikhnet.com/">Sikhnet</A> <BR> History of the Sikhs, by <A HREF = "http://www.sikh-history.com/nofrmmain.html">Sandeep Singh Bajwa</A> <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> </DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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