ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Historical Dictionaries : Far East, 1000-1300 </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2008 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../banners/ban10001300.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "hdfareast13001490.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> 1300-1490 </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on October 28th 2008, last revised on November 4th 2008 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Historical Dictionaries : Far East, 1000-1300 </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/period/10001300/hdfareast10001300.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "beijing"><B>Beijing</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Capital of <A HREF = "#yuandyn">Yuan Dynasty</A> (1271) 1296-1368; 1403 re-designed as co-capital of <A HREF = "#mingdyn">Ming Dynasty</A>. Forbidden City constructed 1406-1420, sacked by the <A HREF = "hdcasia13001490.html#oirats">Oirat Mongols</A> 1449; conquered by the Manchus in 1644. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "goryeo"><B>Goryeo</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Name of dynasty ruling Korea 918-1392, also applied to the state itself. Unified Korea in 936; capital Kaesong. Buddhist; Confucianism introduced in the early 14th century. In 1392 succeeded by <A HREF = "#joseon">Joseon Dynasty</A>. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "heian"><B>Heian</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Period in Japanese history, 794-1185; followed Nara Period 710-794, was succeeded by <A HREF = "#kamakura">Kamakura Period</A> 1185-1333. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "jin"><B>Jin</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> The Jurchen people, living in Manchuria, in 1115 proclaimed the Jin Dynasty; conquered <A HREF = "#liao">Liao Dynasty</A> in 1125, <A HREF = "#song">Northern Song</A> 1127; conquered by and annexed into the Mongol Empire in 1234. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "kamakura"><B>Kamakura Period</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Period in history of Japan 1185-1333, in which Kamakura Shogunate dominated, residence of Shoguns Kamakura. Buddhist. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "liao"><B>Liao</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Liao Dynasty 907-1125. Established when the Tang Dynasty fell, and most of its territory was claimed by the <A HREF = "#song">Song Dynasty</A>; the Liao Dynasty ruling the very north of China. In 1115 the <A HREF = "#jin">Jin Dynasty</A> was proclaimed, challenging Liao; the Liao Dynasty ended in 1125. A group of Liao moved west, where they established the Kara-Khitan Khanate 1124-1218 </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "nanzhao"><B>Nanzhao</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Historical state centered on Yunnan; broke away from Tang Dynasty in 750; Nazhao Dynasty 750-902, Dali Dynasty (Kingdom of Dali) 902-1274 when it was conquered by the Mongol Empire, and turned into Yunnan province. Buddhism state religion. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "song"><B>Song Dynasty</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Chinese dynasty, succeeded Five Dynasties and 10 Kingdoms Period (907-960). Capital Bianjing. Northern Song (960-1127) and Southern Song (1127-1279). Neoconfucianism was developed in Southern Song. Northern parts of Northern Song conquered by <A HREF = "#jin">Jin Dynasty</A>; Southern Song conquered by the Mongol Empire (<A HREF = "#yuan">Yuan Dynasty</A>). </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "tangut"><B>Tangut Empire</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> The Tanguts had been subjects of the Tang Dynasty; when the latter fell, Tanguts independent. Tangut state established in 982; Tangut Empire in 1038, also called Western Xia Dynasty, 1038-1227, covering the present provinces of Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi. In 1227 conquered by and annexed into the Mongol Empire. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "yuan"><B>Yuan Empire</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> (1271) 1296-1368, one of the fragments of the Mongol Empire. Capital <A HREF = "#beijing">Beijing</A>. Promoted religions, foremost Buddhism. Toppled by the <A HREF = "#mingdyn">Ming Dynasty</A> in 1368. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> EXTERNAL FILES : <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> PRINTED REFERENCE : <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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