ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Historical Dictionaries : Southeast Asia, 1300-1490 </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2008 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../banners/ban13001490.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on October 24th 2008 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Historical Dictionaries : Southeast Asia, 1300-1490 </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/period/13001490/hdseasia13001490.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "arakan"><B>Arakan</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kingdom, unified in 1431, conquered by Burma in 1785. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <B>Ava</B> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kingdom in Upper Burma, 1364-1555, capital Ava </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "ayutthayakgd"><B>Ayutthaya, Kingdom of</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Thai kingdom, capital Ayutthaya, 1351-1767. Destroyed <A HREF = "#khmer">Khmer Empire</A> in 1431; annexed <A HREF = "#sukhothai">Sukhothai</A> in 1438. Theravada Buddhism official religion since 1360. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "#sbrunei"><B>Brunei</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kingdom, believed to go as far back as the 7th century; temporarily vassall to Srivijaya and <A HREF = "#majapahit">Majapahit</A>; converted to Islam in the mid 15th century, when it became the Sultanate of Brunei. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "champa"><B>Champa</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kingdom located in central Vietnam, Hindu, est. 129 AD, capital Indrapura (abandned c. 1000), then Vijaya, sacked by <A HREF = "#daiviet">Dai Viet</A> 1044, by the <A HREF = "#khmer">Khmer</A> 1202, by the Mongols 1283, destroyed and annexed by <A HREF = "#daiviet">Dai Viet</A> 1446; a truncated Champa continued to exist in the southern regions of the country (Panduranga), as a Vietnamese dependency, into the 18th century. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "daiviet"><B>Dai Viet</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> The predecessor state of modern Vietnam; a name referring to several successive dynasties. Dai Viet covered the Red River basin (northern Vietnam, Tonkin). 1407-1427 Dai Viet submitted to Ming China. In 1443 defeat and conquest of <A HREF = "#champa">Champa</A>. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "khmer"><B>Khmer Empire</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Historic Empire centered on modern Cambodia, capital Angkor. Hindu-Buddhist (Mahayana) until 13th century, Theravada Buddhist since. It lasted from 802-1431. Climax in the 13th and early 14th century. In 1431 defeated by <A HREF = "#ayuttahyakgd">Kingdom of Ayutthaya</A>. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "lannathai"><B>Lannathai</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Thai kingdom, capital Chiang Mai, 1296-1774, when it was conquered and annexed by Siam. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "lanxang"><B>Lan Xang</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Lao kingdom, capital Luang Prabang, 1394-1702, when it was split into Luang Prabang, Vientiane and Champasak. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "majapahit"><B>Majapahit, Kingdom of</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Historic kingdom centered on eastern Java, 1293-1500, peaked 1350-1389 </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "smalacca"><B>Malacca, Sultanate of</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Established in 1402. When the city of Malacca was taken by the Portuguese in 1511, the Sultan moved his residence to Johore. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "moluccas"><B>Moluccas</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> or Spice Islands, small archipelago in NE Indonesia. Produced the best quality clovers, nutmeg and pepper. The southeastern end of the Asian-African-European trade network. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <B>Pegu</B> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> (Bago) Kingdom of the Mon-ethnicity, located in the Irawaddy Delta, 1287-1540 </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "sukhothai"><B>Sukhothai</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Thai kingdom, capital Sukhothai, 1238-1438. Submitted to <A HREF = "#ayutthayakgd">Ayutthaya</A> in 1378, annexed by the latter in 1438. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <B>Tondo</B> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> or Kingdom of Luzon, Filipino state located on Manila Bay; in 15th century attacked by <A HREF = "#sbrunei">Sultanate of Brunei</A>. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> PRINTED REFERENCE : <BR> Harold E. Smith, Historical and Cultural Dictionary of Thailand, Lanham Md : Scarecrow 4th edition 2005 <BR> Martin Stuart-Fox and Mary Kooyman, Historical Dictionary of Laos, Metuchen N.J. : Scarecrow 1992, <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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