ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Historical Dictionaries : Far East, 1490-1648 </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2008 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> 1300-1490 </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../13001490/hdfareasy13001490.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../banners/ban14901648.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on November 4th 2008 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Historical Dictionaries : Far East, 1490-1648 </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/period/14901648/hdfareast14901648.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "beijing"><B>Beijing</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Capital of <A HREF = "#yuandyn">Yuan Dynasty</A> (1271) 1296-1368; 1403 re-designed as co-capital of <A HREF = "#mingdyn">Ming Dynasty</A>. Forbidden City constructed 1406-1420, sacked by the <A HREF = "hdcasia13001490.html#oirats">Oirat Mongols</A> 1449; conquered by the Manchus in 1644, capital of Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Canton </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> see Guangzhou </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "deshima"><B>Deshima</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> (Dejima) artificial island in the port of Nagasaki; from 1641 to 1854 home to 7 Dutchmen (merchants, one medical doctor) (until 1798 employees of the V.O.C.); the V.O.C. sent one ship per year. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "edo"><B>Edo Period</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Period in Japanese history, from 1603-1868; Tokugawa Shogunate </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "guangzhou"><B>Guangzhou</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Capital of China's Guangdong Province, and China's main port for international trade; from 1557 to 1842 its only port open to foreign merchants. Trade was conducted under conditions set by the Chinese authorities. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "hangul"><B>Hangul</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Korean alphabet, created at the order of King Sejong in 1443 or 1444; until into the late 19th century, the usage of Chinese characters dominated in Korea </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "jeschmissions"><B>Jesuit China Missions</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> First attempt by St. Francis Xavier O.S.J. (+1552); established by Matteo Ricci O.S.J.1582. The Jesuits translated many western publications into Chinese, wrote many books about China, translated Chinese texts into Latin or French. Adam Schall von Bell O.S.J. contributed to reforming the Chinese calendar. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "joseon"><B>Joseon</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Name of dynasty ruling Korea 1392-1910, also applied to the state itself. Capital Seoul; Confucianist. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "macau"><B>Macau</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Leased by the Portuguese in 1557; Portuguese rule lasted until 1999. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "mingdyn"><B>Ming Dynasty</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Terminated <A HREF = "#yuandyn">Yuan Dynasty</A> in China in 1368. Capital first Nanjing, then also <A HREF = "#beijing">Beijing</A>. <A HREF = "#mingref">Ming Reformation</A>. In 1644 overthrown by the Manchu, succeeded by the Qing Dynasty. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "muromachi"><B>Muromachi Period</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> or Ashikaga Period, Period in history of Japan 1336-1573, in which Muromachi or Ashikaga Shogunate dominated, residence of Shoguns Kyoto.. Succeeded <A HREF = "#kamakura">Kamakura Period</A>. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "qingdyn"><B>Qing Dynasty</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Terminated <A HREF = "#mingdyn">Ming Dynasty</A> in China in 1644. Capital<A HREF = "#beijing">Beijing</A>. In 1911 overthrown by the Chinese Revolution. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "taiwan"><B>Taiwan</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Island called "Ilha Formosa" by the Portuguese. In 1624 the V.O.C., being informed by Chinese authorities that the island was located outside of China's boundaries, established Fort Zeelandia on Taiwan. In 1626 the Spanish established control over northern Taiwan. The V.O.C. ousted the Spanish in 1642; in 1662 Ming admiral Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) ousted the V.O.C. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> EXTERNAL FILES : <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> PRINTED REFERENCE : <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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