ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Timelines : History of Iraq </title> <META name="keywords" keyword="Mesopotamia"> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2007 --> </head> <body bgcolor="grey" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> History of Iraq <BR> Index Page </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xiraq.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xiraq.html"> <img src = "../banners/baniraq.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on December 18th 2004, last revised on February 2nd 2005 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function SymError() { return true; } window.onerror = SymError; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-5834279270464755"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; //2007-02-17: MIT_ Ganse google_ad_channel = "0420158018"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR><BR> </div> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline : Iraq </B></font> </TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1508 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Safavid conquest of Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1533-1534 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Ottoman conquest of Iraq, from Safavids </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1623 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Safavids conquered Iraq from Ottomans </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1638 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Ottomans conquered Iraq from Safavids </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1694-1701 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Basra held by Mustafiq Arabs </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1763 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> E.I.C. established trading factory in Basra </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1776-1779 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Ottoman-Persian War; temporary Persian occupation of Basra </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1801 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Karbala plundered by Wahhabites </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1816 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Following a period of anarchy, Davud Pasha restored control </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1821-1822 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Ottoman-Persian War </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1831 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Following a brief period of Mamluk rule (Davud Pasha), direct Ottoman rule restored in Baghdad </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1834 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Mosul : Galilis deposed, direct Ottoman rule implemented </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1842-1849 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Ottoman control over Iraqi Kurdistan restored </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1847 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Agreement fixed Ottoman-Persian border </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1855-1866 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Former Elayet Mosul, now Liva Mosul, administratively under Vilayet of Van </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1869 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Vilayet Bagdad reorganized according to administrative reform </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1869-1872 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Mithad Pasha Wali (governor) of Baghdad </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1869 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Begin of publication of Iraq's first newspaper, al-Zawra; introduction of printing press </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1878 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Vilayet Basra created </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> since 1885 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Vilayet Mosul appears regularly in Ottoman records </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1897-1899 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kuwait seceded from Ottoman Empire, requested British Protectorate </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1912 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> National Scientific Club founded in Baghdad </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1917-1918 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> World War I; British occupation of Iraq, Mosul Region </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1920 Apr. 25 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> League of Nations granted mandate over Iraq to Britain </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1920 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Anti-British Rebellion in southern Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1921 Aug 23 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Hashemite Faysal ibn al-Husayni crowned King of Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1922 Oct 10 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Anglo-Iraqi Alliance signed </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1922-1924 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kurdish resistance against incorporation into Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1925 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Parliament elected </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1925 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> League of Nations awarded Mosul Region to Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1927 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> First oil produced in Kirkuk </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1932 Oct. 3 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Iraq proclaimed independent </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1932 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Iraq admitted to League of Nations </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1933 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Assyrian Christian refugees, denied entry into Syria, massacred </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1935 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kirkuk, Haifa connected by oil pipeline </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1936 Oct </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Military coup d'etat </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1937 Aug </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Military coup d'etat </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1941 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Anti-British revolt, suppressed; Iraqi govt. toppled </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1945-1946 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Unrest among Iraqi Kurds </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1947 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Baath Party founded in Damascus as a Pan-Arab political organization </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1948 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> First Israeli-Arab War, with Iraqi participation </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1952 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Rebellion; martial law imposed </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1955 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Baghdad Pact signed by Turkey, Iraq; later joined by Pakistan, Iran </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1956 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> First tv broadcasts by Iraqi TV </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1958 Feb. 12 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Iraq, Jordan entered in federation - Arab Union of Jordan aqnd Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1958 July 14 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Coup d'etat; monarchy abolished; Qasim assumed premiership </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1961 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kuwait released into independence; Iraq demanded integration of K. into Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1963 Feb. 8 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Coup d'etat; Qasim ousted, Arif (Baath) assumed presidency </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1963 Nov. 18 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Arif purged rival Bathists from government </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1964 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Banks, insurance companies, large companies nationalized </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1964-1965 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kurdish rebellion </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1966 Apr. 17 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> President Arif died in helicopter crash; succeeded by his brother </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1966 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Baath Party split into Iraqi, Syrian Baath parties </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1967 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Six Days War, with Iraqi participation </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1968 July 17 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Coup d'etat; Arif ousted; al Bakr (Baath) assumed presidency </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1970 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Land Reform </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1972 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Iraq, USSR signed treaty of friendship and cooperation </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1972 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Oil industry (Iraq Petrol Company) nationalized </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1973 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Begin of Oil Crisis; Iraqi oil revenues increased considerably; much of it invested in the army </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1974-1975 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kurdish Rebellion </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1978 Oct. </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Ayatollah Khomeini expelled from Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1979 July 16 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Al Bakr resigned; succeeded by Saddam Hussein </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1980-1988 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> First Gulf War, Iraq versus Iran </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1981 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> End of Oil Crisis; Iraqi oil revenue decreased considerably </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1981 June 7 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Israeli air force bombed Iraqi nuclear power station </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1988 Mar 16 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Iraq used chemical weapons in attack on Iraqi Kurdish town of Halabja </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1988 Aug 20 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Ceasefire ended First Gulf War (Iraq-Iran War) </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1990 Aug 2 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Iraq invaded, occupied Kuwait </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1990 Aug 6 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> UN imposed economic sanctions against Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1991 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Operation desert storm - Kuwait liberation by int'l force </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1991 Mar-Apr </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Shi'ite rebellion in southern Iraq suppressed </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1991 Apr 8 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> U.S. offered protection to Kurdish rebels in northrn Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1991 Aug </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> No Fly Zones implemented </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1991-2002 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Draining of the marshes of southern Iraq caused desertification, deprived Marsh Arabs of sustenance </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1991-2002 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Mass executions of suspected political opponents mainly Iraqi Shiites, who were buried in mass graves (est. 300,000 victims) </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1994 Nov 10 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Iraq formally recognized Kuwait </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1995 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Oil-for-Food-Program launched </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1996 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Iraqi invasion of Iraqi Kurdistan </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 2002-2003 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Iraqi disarmament under observation of UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission, headed by Swede Hans Blix. Commission sceptical of Iraqi claims that all WMD were destroyed; Blix opposed to U.S. view that Iraq still had large supplies of WMD </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 2003 March </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Coalition of the Willing invaded, occupied Iraq. Baath regime toppled; suspected WMD not found </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 2003 Dec. </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Saddam Husein captured </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 2004 June </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Administration of Iraq handed over to civilian provisional govt. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 2004 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Nicaragua, Spain, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Norway, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Hungary, New Zealand, Tonga, Iceland withdrew their contingents (Coalition of the Willing) from Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 2005 Jan. </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Despite threats by insurgents against voters, high turnout in Iraqi elections </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 2005 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Portugal, Netherlands, Ukraine, Bulgaria withdrew their contingents (Coalition of the Willing) from Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 2006 Nov. </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Saddam Hussein convicted of crimes gainst humanity, sentenced to death </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 2006 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Canada, Japan, Italy withdrew their contingents (Coalition of the Willing) from Iraq </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR><BR><BR> </div><div align = "center"> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function SymError() { return true; } window.onerror = SymError; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-0213752126925919"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <font size = "2" face = "Times Roman"> Click here to go <A HREF = "../../index.html">Home</A> <BR> Click here to go to <A HREF = "../../about.html">Information about KMLA, WHKMLA, the author and webmaster</A> <BR> Click here to go to <A HREF = "../..links.html">Statistics</A><BR> </font> <BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "1"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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