1949-1960






Cyprus 1960-1974



After episodic ethnic pogroms, the CYPRUS TREATY was signed in August 1960, according to which Cyprus was released into independence, and the island republic's CONSTITUTION guaranteed protection to the island's Turkish minority, the constitution again guaranteed by the signatories - Greece, Turkey and Britain.
The island nation of 573,000 inhabitants (1960) was presided by ARCHBISHOP MAKARIOS and two vice presidents, one each from the Greek and Turkish community. When constitutional amendments were suggested, the Turkish minority felt threatened; the Turkish vice president withdrew from government; Turkey threatened with invasion..
Britain continued to operate military bases on the island, at AKROTIRI and DEKELEIA.
In 1974 the ENOSIS under NIKOS SAMPSON staged a coup d'etat; again, pogroms targeted the island's Turkish minority. Turkey responded by invading the island (Which had no army, thus incapable of stopping the Turks). A sector on Northern Cyprus was occupied, where the "TURKISH FEDERATED STATE OF NORTHERN CYPRUS" was established. The demarcation line, called GREEN LINE or ATTILA LINE, ran right through the historic capital of Nicosia. UN forces came in to separate the two sides.
In 1972, Cyprus signed an ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT with the EEC (European Economic Community).






EXTERNAL
FILES 		Foundation of the Republic of Cyprus (1960), from the North Cyprus Homepage Breakdown of the 1960 constitution (in 1963), from the North Cyprus Homepage Turkish Invasion of 1974, from North Cyprus Homepage
Recent Cyprus History, From a Perspective Within the United Kingdom, from the Bow Group
Cyprus, Brief Historical Survey, from kypros.org
Cyprus - European Union: A Brief History, from Cyprus & EU Accession Negotiations
CASCON Case CYC : Cyprus (Communal) 1963-, by L.P. Bloomfield, L. Moulton
DOCUMENTS Documents Relating to the Founding of Cyprus, Including the Treaty of Guarantee, 1959, from kypros.org, documents from Lancaster house
Cyprus Treaty of Guarantee, August 16th 1960, from North Cyprus Homepage
Cyprus Constitution of 1960, from North Cyprus Homepage
Akritas Plan (secret document) of 1963, from Turkish Forum, released by the UN in 1978
REFERENCE Chapter 12 : Along the Mediterranean, pp.160-177, in : John Gunter, Inside Europe Today, NY : Harper & Bros. 1961 [G]
Article : Cyprus, in : Britannica Book of the Year 1962 p.192, 1963 p.305, 1964 pp.297-298, 1965 pp.280-281, 1966 pp.231-232, 1967 pp.251-252, 1968 p.258, 1969 p.244, 1970 pp.247-248, 1971 p.238, 1972 p.215, 1973 pp.207-208, 1974 pp.222-223 [G]
Article : Cyprus, in : Americana Annual 1961 pp.199-200, 1962 p.203, 1963 pp.191-192, 1964 p.190, 1965 pp.206-210, 1967 pp.227-228, 1968 pp.190, 214-215, 1969 p.223, 1970 p.228, 1971 p.280, 1972 p.221, 1973 p.214, 1974 p.193 [G]
Article : Cyprus, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1970-1971 pp.433-439, 1975-1976 pp.295-301 [G]
Article : Cyprus, in : Funk & Wagnall's New Standard Encyclopedia Year Book 1961 pp.86-87 [G]


This page is part of World History at KMLA
First posted on May 30th 2002, last revised on March 30th 2007

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