ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Timelines : Turkey </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2005-2007 --> </head> <body bgcolor="grey" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Turkey <BR> Index Page </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../region/asmin/xturkey.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xturkey.html"> <img src = "../banners/banturkey.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../histatlas/asmin/haxturkey.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Historical Atlas <BR> Turkey Page </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on February 27th 2005</i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function SymError() { return true; } window.onerror = SymError; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-5834279270464755"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; //2007-02-17: MIT_ Ganse google_ad_channel = "0420158018"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline : Turkey </B></font> </TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "110"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <BR><BR><BR> 1800 <BR> 1827 <BR> 1831 <BR> 1832 <BR><BR> 1839-1876 <BR> 1840 <BR> 1840 <BR> 1841 <BR> 1850 <BR> 1856 <BR> 1866 <BR> 1878 <BR> 1888 <BR> 1894-1897 <BR> 1900 <BR> 1900 <BR> 1908 <BR> 1908 <BR> 1914-1918 <BR> 1915 <BR> 1920 <BR><BR><BR> 1920 <BR> 1921 <BR> 1921 <BR> 1922 <BR> 1923 <BR> 1923 <BR> 1924 <BR> 1924 <BR><BR> 1925 <BR> 1925 <BR> 1925 <BR> 1926 <BR> 1926 <BR> 1927 <BR> 1927 <BR> 1928 <BR> 1930 <BR> 1931 <BR> 1932 <BR> 1933 <BR> 1933 <BR> 1934 <BR> 1934 <BR> 1934 <BR> 1935 <BR> 1938 <BR> 1939 <BR> 1939-1945 <BR> 1945 <BR> 1946 <BR> 1946 <BR> 1948 <BR> 1950 <BR> 1950-1953 <BR> 1952 <BR> 1954 <BR> 1955 <BR> 1955 <BR> 1957 <BR> 1960 <BR> 1960 <BR> 1963 <BR> 1966 <BR> 1971 <BR> 1973 <BR> 1974 <BR><BR> 1979 <BR> 1980 <BR> 1983 <BR> 1987 <BR> 1991 <BR><BR> 1993 <BR> 1994 <BR> 1997 <BR> 1999 <BR> 1999 <BR> 2001 <BR> 2004 <BR> </font></TD> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> Note : Turkey, as a state, was established in the aftermath of World War I, out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Earlier dates listed here refer to the present territory of the Republic of Turkey. <BR><BR> Population of (present) Turkey estimated at 5,600,000 (<A HREF = "http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Asia/turkeyc.htm">Population Statistics</A> <BR> Imperial Medical School opened in Istanbul <BR> Official census taken; official gazette began publication <BR> Ottoman army defeated by Egyptians in Battle of K&uuml;tahya; Egyptians withdrew from <BR> Anatolia in 1833 <BR> Tanzimat reform policy <BR> Ottoman Bank established <BR> Penal Code published <BR> Commercial Code published <BR> Population of (present) Turkey estimated at 7,200,000 (<A HREF = "http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Asia/turkeyc.htm">Population Statistics</A> <BR> Equality (of adult men) in front of the law, disregarding religion, proclaimed <BR> Begin of railroad construction (Izmir-Aydin) <BR> Following Russo-Ottoman War, Kars, Artvin, Ardahan-region ceded to Russian Empire <BR> Orient Express began operation <BR> Armenian population of eastern Anatolia exposed to pogroms <BR> University of Istanbul opened <BR> Population of (present) Turkey estimated at 11,000,000 (<A HREF = "http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Asia/turkeyc.htm">Population Statistics</A> <BR> Young Turk Rebellion <BR> Pogroms against Armenian villages <BR> World War I; Ottoman Empire sided with Central Powers <BR> Armenian Genocide <BR> Treaty of Sevres, of which the Ottoman Empire was a signatory; it foresaw the partitioning <BR> of Turkish territory. <BR><BR> Provisional Turkish administration established at Ankara <BR> Turko-Russian Treaty of Kars; Armenian state limited to "Soviet" Armenia <BR> The French withdrew from Cilicia <BR> Greek forces expelled from Smyrna (Izmir); Turkish forces occupied the Straits Zone <BR> Republic of Turkey proclaimed, capital Ankara <BR> Treaty of Lausanne; international recognition of the Republic of Turkey <BR> Abolition of the Caliphate (the Sultanate was abolished in 1922) <BR> Education was placed under state supervision, and freed of the influence of <BR> religious organizations <BR> Abolition of the Fez, introduction of the western style hat <BR> The activities of religious sects were regulated <BR> Calendar Reform; Introduction of the Western Calendar <BR> Currency Reform; Turkish Lira replaced Ottoman Lira <BR> Civil Code; women granted equal rights (fathers still head of household) <BR> State-owned TCDD established (railroads nationalized 1924-1948) <BR> Census; Republic of Turkey had 13,648,300 inhabitants (<A HREF = "http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Asia/turkeyc.htm">Population Statistics</A> <BR> Introduction of western numerals (so-called Arabic numerals), of the Latin alphabet <BR> Constantinople formally renamed Istanbul <BR> Introduction of the Metric System <BR> Turkey joined the League of Nations <BR> Graeco-Turkish Treaty of Friendship <BR> Turkish Airlines founded <BR> Law required Turks to have surnames; traditional nicknames, titles were abolished <BR> Introduction of women's suffrage <BR> Mustafa Kemal grantede byname "Atat&uuml;rk" <BR> Haghia Sophia turned nto a museum <BR> Death of President Mustafa Kemal Atat&uuml;rk <BR> France ceded Alexandrette (Hatay) to Turkey <BR> World War II; Turkey remained neutral until final stage of the war <BR> Turkey joined UN <BR> Democratic Party founded <BR> Stalin demanded Turkey to hand over cntrol of the Straits to USSR <BR> National Party founded <BR> Census; Republic of Turkey had 20,947,200 inhabitants (<A HREF = "http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Asia/turkeyc.htm">Population Statistics</A> <BR> Turkish troops fought in the Korea War <BR> Turkey became member of NATO <BR> Turkey signd Balkan Pact (w. Yugoslavia, Greece) <BR> Turkey signed Baghdad Pact (w. Iraq, Iran, Pakistan) <BR> Pogrom against Greek minority in Istanbul <BR> Turkish-Syrian border crisis <BR> Cyprus became independent; Turkey guarantor of Cypriot constitution <BR> Military coup d'etat <BR> Turkey became associated member of the EEC <BR> Return to civilian administration <BR> Military coup d'etat <BR> Return to civilian administration <BR> Following a coup of Greek nationalists on Cyprus, Turkish forces invaded; Cyprus was <BR> partitioned <BR> Kurdish PKK launched terrorist campaign, for an independent Kurdistan <BR> Military coup d'etat <BR> Return to civilian administration <BR> Turkey applied for full EU membeship <BR> Turkey joined allies in liberation of Kuwait; Turkey provided airbases for patrolling of <BR> no-fly-zones in Iraq <BR> Tansu Ciller first woman to hold post of prime minister <BR> Severe economic crisis <BR> Census : Turkey had 62,865,600 inhabitants (<A HREF = "http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Asia/turkeyc.htm">Population Statistics</A> <BR> Financial crisis <BR> A. &Ouml;calan, leader of the trrorist Kurdish PKK, captured <BR> Financial Crisis <BR> abolition of the death penalty <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><BR> </div><div align = "center"> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function SymError() { return true; } window.onerror = SymError; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-0213752126925919"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "3" cellspace="5" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "100" valign = "top" align = "center" bgcolor="#FFFACD"> <font size = "3" face = "Times Roman" color = "#000000"> EXTERNAL <BR> FILES </font></TD> <TD width = "750" valign = "top" align = "left" bgcolor = "#FFFACD"> <font size = "2" face = "Times Roman" color = "#000000"> Ataturk and the Modernization of Turkey, from <A HREF = "http://www.turizm.net/turkey/history/ataturk.html"><B>turizm.net</B></A> <BR> <A HREF = "http://www.globalfindata.com/frameset.php3?location=/gh/index.html"><B>Global History of Currencies</B></A> by Bryan Taylor; click on Turkey <BR> Wars of Turkey, from <A HREF = "http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/tap/turkey/findex.htm"><B>ACED</B></A> <BR> Timeline Turkey, from <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1023189.stm"><B>BBC News</B></A> <BR> <A HREF = "http://www.trainsofturkey.com/hist_over.htm"><B>Turkish Railway History</B></A>, by Trains of Turkey <BR> League of Nations Timeline, from <A HREF = "http://worldatwar.net/timeline/other/league18-46.html"><B>The World at War</B></A> <BR> Country Studies : <A HREF = "http://countrystudies.us/turkey/"><B>Turkey</B></A> <BR> Turkey : Country Profile, from <A HREF = "http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/country.asp?country=1"><B>Oxford Business Group</B></A> <BR> History, from <A HREF = "http://www.turkishairlines.com/en/tk/history.htm"><B>Turkish Airlines</B></A> <BR> Articles <A HREF = "http://57.1911encyclopedia.org/A/AN/ANGORA_AND_VILAYET_.htm"><B>Angora and Vilayet</B></A> (i.e. Ankara), <A HREF = "http://58.1911encyclopedia.org/A/AD/ADANA.htm"><B>Adana</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://80.1911encyclopedia.org/B/BR/BRUSA.htm"><B>Brusa</B></A> (i.e. Bursa), <A HREF = "http://36.1911encyclopedia.org/A/AI/AIDIN_AND_VILAYET_.htm"><B>Aidin and Vilayet</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://26.1911encyclopedia.org/D/DI/DIARBEKR.htm"><B>Diarbekr</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://38.1911encyclopedia.org/A/AD/ADRIANOPLE_VILAYET_.htm"><B>Adrianople Vilayet</B></A> (i.e. Edirne), <A HREF = "http://34.1911encyclopedia.org/E/ER/ERZERUM.htm"><B>Erzerum</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://31.1911encyclopedia.org/K/KA/KASTAMUNI.htm"><B>Kastamuni</B></A> (i.e. Kastamonu), <A HREF = "http://31.1911encyclopedia.org/K/KO/KONIA.htm"><B>Konia</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://51.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SI/SIVAS.htm"><B>Sivas</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://76.1911encyclopedia.org/K/KH/KHARPUT.htm"><B>Kharput</B></A> (i.e. Marmuret et Aziz), <A HREF = "http://27.1911encyclopedia.org/T/TR/TREBIZOND.htm"><B>Trebizond</B></A> (i.e. Trabzon), <A HREF = "http://60.1911encyclopedia.org/T/TU/TURKEY.htm"><B>Turkey</B></A> (to be read as Ottoman Empire), <A HREF = "http://1.1911encyclopedia.org/V/VA/VAN_WITH_VILAYET_AND_LAKE_.htm"><B>Van and Vilayet</B></A>, from EB 1911 <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "3" cellspace="5" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "100" valign = "top" align = "center" bgcolor="#FFFACD"> <font size = "3" face = "Times Roman" color = "#000000"> DOCUMENTS </font></TD> <TD width = "750" valign = "top" align = "left" bgcolor = "#FFFACD"> <font size = "2" face = "Times Roman" color = "#000000"> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "3" cellspace="5" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "100" valign = "top" align = "center" bgcolor="#FFFACD"> <font size = "3" face = "Times Roman" color = "#000000"> REFERENCE </font></TD> <TD width = "750" valign = "top" align = "left" bgcolor = "#FFFACD"> <font size = "2" face = "Times Roman" color = "#000000"> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; 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