1939-1968 History of Central Africa





Guinea Equatorial, since 1968



Independence was declared in 1968, FRANCIS MACIAS NGUEMA becoming the country's first president.
Following anti-white violence in 1969, the Europeans left the country and the economy deteriorated. A ONE-PARTY-STATE was established in 1970. In 1973 the provincial autonomy was cancelled.
The Nguema presidency became an oppressive dictatorship; political protest as well as labor unrest was brutally suppressed; the numbers of victims (fatalities) of government oppression are estimated to have 5 digits, many went into exile; the country's population actually declined.
In 1979 the army staged a coup, president Nguema was executed. Since, several attempts to introduce multiparty democracy (on paper introduced in 1992) have met with limited success. Human rights violations continue; tens of thousands of Equatorial Guineans live in exile. The young nation, because of rampant inflation, underwent a number of currency reforms; the present currency is the CFA Franc. In March 2003, an exile government was established in Madrid.






EXTERNAL
FILES 		Equatorial Guinea, History of, from Infoplease
Links on Equatorial Guinea's History, from Looksmart
DOCUMENTS Map, from CIA World Factbook
Banknotes, from Ron Wise's World Paper Money
Flag, from FOTW
Documents from the Equatorial Guinea Archive
Estimates of Victims of the Nguema Regime (1969-1979), posted by Matthew White, scroll down for Equatorial Guinea
REFERENCE Article : Equatorial Guinea, in : Britannica Book of the Year 1970 pp.334-335, 1971 pp.317-318, 1972 p.291, 1973 pp.287-288, 1974 pp.306-307, 1975 p.289, 1976 p.330, 1977 p.329, 1978 p.374, 1979 p.368, 1980 p.366, 1981 pp.367-368, 1982 p.367, 1983 pp.361-362, 1984 p.366, 1985 pp.464, 673, 1986 pp.458-459, 669, 1987 pp.427, 639, 1988 pp.388, 591, 1989 pp.388, 591, 1990 pp.405, 606, 1991 pp.384, 591, 1992 pp.356, 591, 1993 pp.359-360, 602, 1994 pp.357-358, 602, 1995 pp.403, 602, 1996 pp.401, 602, 1997 pp.415, 600, 2002 pp.419, 598 [G]
Article : Equatorial Guinea, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1970-1971 pp.881-882, 1975-1976 pp.897-899, 1976-1977 pp.906-908, 1978-1979 pp.430-432, 1979-1980 pp.432-434, 1980-1981 pp.431-433, 1981-1982 pp.435-437, 1983-1984 pp.443-445, 1984-1985 pp.441-443, 1985-1986 pp.443-445, 1986-1987 pp.447-449, 1987-1988 pp.454-456, 1988-1989 pp.456-458, 1989-1990 pp.459-461, 1990-1991 pp.458-460, 1991-1992 pp.458-460, 1992-1993 pp.524-526, 1993-1994 pp.530-532, 1994-1995 pp.518-520, 1995-1996 pp.514-517, 1996-1997 pp.454-457, 1997-1998 pp.463-466, 1998-1999 pp.507-511, 2000 pp.584-588, 2001 pp.565-569, 2002 pp.589-593, 2003 pp.592-596, 2004 pp.592-596, 2005 pp.591-595, 2006 pp.585-589 [G]
Article : Equatorial Guinea, in : The World in Figures 1st ed. 1976 p.66, 2nd ed. 1978 p.66, 4th ed. 1984 p.66 [G]
Entry : Travel Warning - Equatorial Guinea, pp.479-480, in : Countries of the World and their Leaders Yearbook, 2000, Supplement [G]
Entry : Equatorial Guinea, Cabinet, pp.36-37; Background Notes : Equatorial Guinea, pp.528-536, in : Countries of the World and their Leaders Yearbook, 2003 [G]
Article : Equatorial Guinea, in : Americana Annual 1970 p.281, 1971 pp.283-284, 1972 p.274, 1973 p.280 [G]
Entry : Equatorial Guinea, pp.444-447 in : IMF, International Financial Statistics Yearbook 2001 [G]



This page is part of World History at KMLA
First posted in 2001, last revised on April 8th 2007

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