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The Viceroyalty of New Spain was established in 1535 and included the Captaincy General of Cuba (i.e. the Spanish West Indies), the Captaincies of Guatemala and
Yucatan, the Kingdoms of Mexico, Nueva Galicia, Nueva Vizcaya, Nuevo Reino de Leon (from which Reino de Santander was split in 1786) , the Provinces
of Nueva Extremadura, Nuevo Mexico de Santa Fe and, since 1565, the Captaincy General of the Philippines (including the Marianas and
Caroline Islands). Briefly also Terra Ferma (Spanish South America) was part of New Spain; in 1542 it was split off as the Viceroyalty of Peru. In 1570 the
Audiencia of Panama was ceded by New Spain to the Viceroyalty of Peru. |
| Much of the territory claimed by the Viceroyalty of New Spain was only nominally under their control : so many of the East Caribbean islands, which were held by Caribs fiercely resisting any encroachment in their territory, or which were depopulated due to the deportation of the population by the Spanish to work on haziendas elsewhere, and then claimed by the British, French or Dutch. The lowlands on the Caribbean coast of Central America and Yucatan long resisted Spanish colonization (Peten was conquered as late as 1697), and was of little attraction to the Spanish who preferred to reside in the highlands. So Mosquitia and Belize became British protectorates, and the British deported the Black and Red Caribs from St. Vincent to settle them on the Honduran north coast in 1796, without bothering to request permission from the Spanish authorities. There were few Spaniards in what is today California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas; most of the territory de facto was controlled by native American tribes. Similarly, the Spanish claim over the Pacific islands was rather nominal. |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Modern |
Article : New Spain, from Wikipedia Article : virreinato de Nueva Espana, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
| Historical |
Ch.2- : New Spain, pp.208-244 in vol.1 of E. Burke, An account of the European
settlements in America, 1860, GB Alexander von Humboldt, Political essay on the kingdom of New-Spain. vol.1, 1811, vol.2, 1811, vol.3, 1814, vol.4, 1814, GB Idea estadistica y geografica del reyno de Nueva Espana, 1823, in Spanish, GB Chr.G. von Murr, Nachrichten von verschiedenen Landern des spanischen Amerika vol.1, 1809, vol.2, 1811, in German, GB |
| Links |
Category : New Spain, from Wikipedia Categoria : Virreinato de Nueva Espana, from Wikipedia |
| Historical Dictionaries |
A. de Alcedo, Diccionario geografico-historico de las Indias Occidentales o America,
vol.1, 1786,
vol.2 1787,
vol.3, 1788,
vol.4, 1788,
vol.5, 1789, in Spanish, GB Diccionario, from AFEHC |
| Portals |
Niccolo Brooker's Colonial Mexico |
| Timelines |
| Accounts of History | Modern |
| Historical |
H. Cortez, F.A. de Lorenzana, Historia de Nueva-Espana, 1770, in Spanish, GB Ph. Young, History of Mexico, Her Civil Wars, and Colonial and Revolutionary Annals (1850), posted on Internet Archive C.R. Enock, Mexico, its ancient and modern civilisation, history and political conditions, topography and natural resources, industries and general development (1909), posted on Internet Archive L.B. Benaduci, Idea de una nueva historia general de la America septentrional, 1746, in Spanish, GB Eduardo Malo de Luque, Historia politica de los establecimientos ultramarinos de las naciones europeas, vol.1, 1784, vol.2, 1785, vol.3, 1786, vol.4, 1788, vol.5, 1790, in Spanish, GB |
| Specific Periods |
A. de Solis, The history of the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards,
vol.1, 1738,
vol.2, 1738, GB B. Diaz de Castillo, The true history of the conquest of Mexico (1568), vol.1, 1803, vol.2, 1803, GB Bernal Diaz del Castillo, The mastering of Mexico (16th c./1916), IA |
| Historiography |
Spanish Historical Writing about the New World, from John Carter Brown Library |
| Administration |
Article : Organizacion territorial del Virreinato de Nueva Espana,
from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
| Military |
Felix Colon y Larriategui, Juzgados militares de Espana y sus Indias,
vol.1, 1788,
vol.2, 1788,
vol.3, 1788,
vol.4, 1789, in Spanish, GB |
| Economy & Finances |
Don J. Mabry, Economy in Colonial Spanish America (revised), Historical Text Archive I. Vassoler, The Mexican Mining Bubble that Burst R. Dobado, G.A. Marrero, The "Mining-Led Growth" in Bourbon Mexico, the Role of the State and the Economic Cost of Independence, 2005 A. Sluyter, Landscape Change and Livestock in Sixteenth-Century New Spain: The Archival Data Base, Penn State, 1997 W.W. Borah, New Spain's Century of Depression, EH Net Palacio de Mineria, from Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Faculdad de Ingeneria J. Munoz, La Mineria en Mexico. Bosquejo historico K. Hatashita-Lee, History of Mexican Silver, History of Silver in Taxco, Mexico, from FloraMex |
| Social History |
| Ethnography |
D. Duran, Historia de las Indias de Nueva-Espana y islas de Tierra Firme,
vol.1, 1867, in Spanish, GB |
| Religion |
G.R.G. Conway, An Englishman and the Mexican Inquisition, 1556-1560 ; being an account of the voyage of Robert Tomson to New Spain, his trial for
heresy in the city of Mexico and other contemporary historical documents (1927), IA J.F. de Castaniza, Relacion del restablecimiento de la sagrada Compania de Jesus en el reyno de Nueva Espana, 1816, in Spanish, GB Cayetano Cabrera y Quintero, Escudo de armas de Mexico: celestial proteccion de esta nobilissima ciudad, de la Nueva Espana ..., Maria Santissima en su portentosa imagen del Mexicano Guadalupe .., 1746, in Spanish, GB T. Malanga, Spanish Theater and a New Religion in New Spain : Don Bartolome de Alva¡¯s Mexican Catholicism, thesis Rutgers 2010 Article : Mexican Inquisition, from Wikipedia Article : Cripto-Judaismo : Norteamerica, from Wikipedia Spanish edition Clara Steinberg-Spitz, The Inquisition in the New World J.F. Chuchiak, Article : Inquisition, pp.46-48 in vol.2 of The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures, 2001, GB Franciscans in New Spain, from Mission San Juan Capistrano Education Department C.M. Garcia, La Biblia en la Nueva Espana, 2006 Judaizantes en la Nueva Espana, from Tribuna Israelita R. Moreno de los Arcos, La Inquisicion para Indios en la Nueva Espana (Siglos XVI-XIX), thesis Univ. of Navarra, in Spanish |
| History of Regions | General |
Article : Organizacion territorial del
Virreinato de Nueva Espana, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
| Core Mexico |
Articles Nueva Galicia,
Nueva Vizcaya,
Nuevo Reino de Leon,
Nuevo Santander,
Nueva Extremadura, from Wikipedia Spanish edition Articles : Spanish Missions in Baja California, Spanish Missions in the Sonoran Desert, from Wikipedia |
| Captaincy General of Cuba |
Article : Capitania General de Cuba, from Wikipedia Spanish edition Article : Captaincy General of Cuba, Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo, Spanish Florida, from Wikipedia |
| Captaincy General of Puerto Rico |
Article : Capitania General de Puerto Rico, from Wikipedia Spanish edition Article : Captaincy General of Puerto Rico, from Wikipedia |
| Captaincy General of Guatemala |
Article : Capitania General de Guatemala, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
| Captaincy General of the Philippines |
Article : Capitania General de las Filipinas, from Wikipedia Spanish edition J.M. de Zuniga, An Historical View of the Philippine Islands, vol.1, vol.2, 1814, GB J.L. Phelan, The Hispanization of the Philippines Spanish Aims and Filipino Responses 1565-1700 (1959), posted on Internet Archive Ch.H. Cunningham, The audiencia in the Spanish colonies as illustrated by the audiencia of Malina (1583-1800) (1919), posted on Internet Archive Bartolome Leonardo de Argensola, Histoire de la conquete des Isles Moluques par les Espagnols vol.2, 1706, vol.3, 1706, in French, GB; Engl. trsl. by John Stevens, The discovery and conquest of the Molucco and Philippine Islands, 1708, GB O.H.K. Spate, The Spanish Lake : The Pacific since Magellan vol.1, 2004, Australian National University |
| Captaincy General of Yucatan |
Article : Capitania General de Yucatan, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
| California, Nueva Mexico, Texas |
Article : Spanish Missions in California,
Spanish Missions in New Mexico,
Spanish Missions in Texas,
Spanish Missions in Arizona, from Wikipedia Articles : Spanish Period of Arizona, History of California : Spanish Colonial Period, Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico, Alta California, Spanish Texas, from Wikipedia |
| Local History |
Article : Acapulco : History,
El Paso del Norte (Ciudad Juarez) : History,
Guadalajara : History,
Mexico City : History,
Oaxaca : History,
Veracruz : History,
Antigua Guatermala : History,
Havana : History,
Santiago de Cuba : History,
Santo Domingo : History,
History of Manila, from Wikipedia San Diego de Alcala, Mission History, from Mission San Diego D. Stevens, Zacatecas, the City of Silver, The Capital City of New Spain, from Mexico City Virtual Guide |
| Institutions |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
| Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
New Spain, from World Statesmen by Ben Cahoon |
| Lists of Bishops |
Mexico : Article : Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Antequera, Oaxaca,
Durango,
Guadalajara,
Hermosillo,
Mexico,
Monterrey,
Morelia,
Yucatan, from Wikipedia Caribbean : Article : Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Cuba, Santo Domingo, from Wikipedia Central America : Articles : Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guatemala, Tegucigalpa (Honduras), Roman Catholic Diocese of Leon in Nicaragua, from Wikipedia List of Archbishops/Bishops of Manila, Cebu, (Nueva) Caceres, from Wikipedia |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
| Image Databanks |
Category : Nueva Espana, from Wikimedia Commons Image : Seal of the Inquisition in New Spain, from Wikimedia Commons |
| Archival Deposits |
Search National Archives, UK Search Vatican Secret Archives U.S. National Archives : Records of the Spanish Governors of Puerto Rico 1767-1880 |
| Treaties |
| Document Collections |
AFEHC Fuentes Wikisource Z. Nuttall (ed.), The earliest historical relations between Mexico and Japan : from original documents preserved in Spain and Japan (1906), posted on Internet Archive Coleccion de documentos ineditos relativos al descubrimiento, conquista y organizacion de las antiguas posesiones Espanoles vol.2, 1862, vol.3, 1863, vol.5, 1865, vol.6, 1866, vol.8, 1867, GB |
| Historical Maps |
Maps of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, from Wikimedia Commons Map : Mesoamerican Languages, from Titus Map : Viceroyalty of New Spain in 1819, from Wikipedia Map : Viceroyalty of New Spain 1760-1800, from PCL Utexas New Spain c.1702, from Historic Maps Restored |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
| Religious |
Ostindien, pp.677-696,
Amerika : Spanische Besitzungen : Florida, Mexico, Neu-Granada nebst Spanish Guiana, Peru, Rio de la Plata,
die Inseln Cubam Porto Rico, Chiloe usw., pp.742-743,
in vol.2 of C.Fr. Staeudlin, Kirchliche Geographie u. Statistik, 1804, in German, GB |
| Economic |
| Geographical |
Entry : Mexico / Neuspanien, p.64 in vol.3 of Geographisch-historisch-statistisches zeitungs-lexikon,
1784, in German, GB |
| Historical |
The Present State of Mexico, pp.156-239 in vol.3 of Th. Salmon, Modern history
or the present state of all nations, 1746, Gb Les Philippines, pp.118-133, La Mexique ou la Nouvelle Espagne, pp.275-296 in J.J. Vaissette, Geographie historique, ecclesiastique et civile, 1755, in French, GB Spanish Dominions : Mexico, or New Spain, pp.247-276 in D. Ramsay, Universal History Americanized, 1819, GB |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) Diario de las discusiones y actas de las Cortes, vol.1, 1811, vol.2, 1811, vol.3, 1811, vol.4, 1811, vol.5, 1811, vol.6, 1811, vol.7, 1811, vol.8, 1811, vol.9, 1811, vol.10, 1811, vol.11, 1812, vol.12, 1812, vol.13, 1812, vol.14, 1812, vol.15, 1812, vol.16, 1812, vol.18, 1813, vol.19, 1813, vol.20, 1813, vol.21, 1813, vol.22, 1813, vol.23, 1813, 1820-1821 vol.1, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.3, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.4, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.7, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.8, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.9, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.10, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.11, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.12, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.13, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.16, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.18, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.20, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.21, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.22, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.23, 1821, in Spanish, GB |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Residence Memoirs |
| Institutions | Archives |
Archivo General de las Indias, Sevilla, Spain Archivio General de la Nacion, Mexico Archivo Nacional de Cuba; Archivo General de la Nacion, Dominican Republic, Archivo General de Puerto Rico (Spanish language site) Archivo General de Centro America, Guatemala, Archivo General de la Nacion, El Salvador, Wikipedia Article : General National Archive (Nicaragua), Direccion General Archivo Nacional, Costa Rica The National Archives, from WikiPilipinas California State Archives, History and Archives Division, Arizona State Library, Archives and Historical Services Division, New Mexico Commission of Public Records, Texas State Library and Archives Commission |
| Libraries |
Biblioteca Nacional de Mexico National Library of the Philippines Arizona State Library, Texas State Library and Archives Commission |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW; Coat of Arms, from
International Civic Heraldry |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Viceroyalty of New Spain, from Resplandores Search Coin Archives for New Spain, Mexico Mexico, from World Coin Gallery, has a few from the Spanish period D.F. Sedwick, The Colonial Coinage of Spanish America |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . PRINTED DOCUMENTS |
| Bibliography | General |
RHS Bibliography;
UK National Archive Online Library |
| on Guatemala |
Latin American Books Online Bibliography on Latin American Environmental History |
| Online Libraries | General |
Gutenberg Library Online,
Internet Archive Persee (French search engine) Biblioteca Universia; Biblioteca Juridica Virtual (Spanish language sites) International Boundary Studies, search for Costa Rica The Online Books Page |
| on Guatemala |
AFEHC Articulos Asociacion Numismatica Centroamericana, Biblioteca Virtual |
| Thesis Server |
TDX (Theses from Spanish Universities Online; almost exclusively in Spanish); search for Costa Rica |
| Online Journals | General |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| On New Spain |
Dialogos. Revista Electronica in Spanish, on Costa Rican & Central American Historiography Revista de Historia 2004, 2005 online |
| Historiography |
Article : Mexican Historiography, by D.A. Brading, pp.612-614, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
| General Accounts |
| Specific Topics |
William H. Prescott, History of the Conquest of Mexico with a Preliminary View of the Ancient Mexican Civilization and the Life of the Conqueror Hernando Cortez,
Vol.II, NY : Harper 1854 [G] Ian Heath, Armies of the Sixteenth Century, vol.2 : The armies of the Aztec and Inca Empires and other native peoples of the Americas, and the Conquistadores, 1450-1608, St. Peter Port, Guernsey : Foundry 1999, KMLA Lib. Call Sign G 355.0094 H437a |
| Economic History |
| Primary Sources |
Hernan Cortez, Letters from Mexico, trsl. and edited by Anthony Pagden, Yale : UP (1971) 1986, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 972.02 C828h Miguel Leon-Portilla, Broken Spears. An Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico, Boston : Beacon Press (1962) 1990, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 972.02 L576b |
| Historical Dictionaries |
Donald C. Brigs, Marvin Alisky, Historical Dictionary of Mexico, Metuchen N.J.: Scarecrow 1981, 259 pp. [G] |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . CLASS ACTIVITIES |
| Role Play |
M.K. Blade, Spanish Colonization of New Spain: Benevolent ? Malevolent ? Indifferent ?, 2000 |
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