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In 1821 the Central American deputations, hitherto part of Captaincy of Guatemala, 1538-1821 ,
declared independence from Spain and adherence to
Mexico. Mexico's Emperor Agustin de Iturbide was toppled in 1823, and in 1824 the United Provinces of
Central America were proclaimed, with Guatemala, El Salvador,
Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica
being founder member republics; in 1838 Los Altos was recognized as the 6th member republic. Even within the republics there was rivalry between urban centers, controlled by the Criollo elite - in Guatemala between Guatemala City and Quetzaltenango (1838-1840 capital of Los Altos), in Honduras between Tegucigalpa and Comayagua, in Nicaragua between Managua and Leon. Until 1830 Guatemala City served as federal capital, from 1830 San Salvador exercised this function. The border to British Honduras was not defined, neither was the border to the Mosquito Coast, a de-facto British protectorate not recognized by the United Provinces of Central America. Political dissent within the United Provinces of Central America escalated into civil war, and in 1839 the United Provinces of Central America dissolved, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Los Altos achieving political independence. |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Modern |
Article : Federal Republic of Central America, from Wikipedia;
Provincias Unidas deln Centro de America from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
| Historical |
| Links |
Category : Colonial Central America, from Wikipedia |
| Organizations |
Asociacion para el Fomento de los Estudios Historicos en Centroamerica Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Historia |
| Historical Dictionaries |
Diccionario, from AFEHC |
| Timelines |
| Accounts of History | Modern |
Article : Federal Republic of Central America, from Wikipedia;
Provincias Unidas deln Centro de America from Wikipedia Spanish edition;
from Wikibooks |
| Historical |
H.H. Bancroft, History of Central America, vol.1 (1887),
vol.2 (1887),
vol.3 (1887), posted on Internet Archive |
| Specific Periods |
| Administration |
| Military |
Civil War in the United Provinces of Central America 1826-1829,
Revolt of Rafael Carrera 1837-1840, from ACED |
| Economy & Finances |
Eastern Coast of Central America Commercial and Agricultural Company,
Brief statement: supported by original documents, of the important grants, 1839, GB |
| Social History |
| Ethnography |
| Religion |
| History of Regions |
see Guiatemala, El Salvador, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mosquito Coast Article Los Altos, Central America R.A. Cinta, Lecciones de historia general de Guatemala (1899) in Spanish, posted on Internet Archive F.A. de Fuentes y Guzman, Historia de Guatemala : O recordacion Florida (1882) in Spanish, posted on Internet Archive F.M. Barrantes, Elementos de historia de Costa Rica (1892) in Spanish, posted on Internet Archive P. Biolley, Revista de Costa Rica en el siglo XIX (1902) in Spanish, posted on Internet Archive G.F. Oviedo y Valdes, Histoire du Nicaragua (1840) in French, posted on Internet Archive H. Jalhay, La republique de Honduras: notice historique, geografique et statistique (1901) in French, posted on Internet Archive R. Reyes, Nociones de historia del Salvador: Precedidas de un resumen de historia universal (1885) in Spanish, posted on Internet Archive |
| Local History |
Guatemala City : History,
Antigua, Guatemala,
Quetzaltenango,
Comayagua : History,
Tegucigalpab : History,
San Salvador : History,
Leon, Nicaragua : History,
Managua : History,
San Jose, Costa Rica : History,
Cartago, Costa Rica : History,
Bluefields : History, from Wikipedia Christopher Minster, A Brief History of the City of Antigua, Guaemala History of Quetzaltenango, from Casa Xelaju |
| Institutions |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
Diccionario, from AFEHC Articles Francisco Morazan, Rafael Carrera, Manuel Jose Arce, Jose Cecilio del Valle, from Wikipedia |
| Others |
International Boundary Studies, search for Guatemala, El Salvador,
Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica Colin Forsyth, Rafael Carrera and the independence of Guatemala. Revolution ends the United Provinces of Central America (2008) |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from Central America by Ben Cahoon |
| Lists of Bishops |
Articles : Roman Catholic Diocese of Leon |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
| Image Databanks |
| Archival Deposits |
Deposit Juan Navarrete, Letters, papers and maps relative to the history of Guatemala, 1534-1846,
Bancroft Library : A Guide to the Manuscript Collections 1963 p.85 |
| Constitutions, Laws |
| Treaties |
The United Provinces of Central America, p.687 in The American diplomatic code, 1834, Gb Central American Federation, pp.503-514 in vol.6 of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America 1776-1949, 1971, GB |
| Document Collections |
AFEHC Fuentes |
| Historical Maps |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
| Religious |
| Economic |
J. Chr. Nelkenbrecher, Allgemeines Taschenbuch
der Münz-, Maass- und Gewichtskunde für Banquiers und Kaufleute (General Manual
on Coinage, Measurement and Weights, for Bankers and Merchants) Berlin 1832, in German, entries Guatimala, posted by DTBSWS Gülich, Gustav von, Geschichtliche Darstellung des Handels, der Gewerbe und des Ackerbaus der bedeutenden handeltreibenden Staaten unserer Zeit (Historical Description of Trade, Industry and Agriculture of the Important Trading States of Our Time), Jena : Frommann 6 vol.s 1830-1845, chapter : Das vormals Spanische Amerika : Guatemala and Central America, vol.4 1844 pp.112-113, posted by DTBSWS |
| Geographical |
Entry : Guatemala, p.353 in R. Brookes, A New Universal Gazetteer, 1832, Gb Guatemala, pp.305- in vol.3 of H. Murray, The Encyclopaedia of Geography, 1838, GB |
| Ethnographic |
The Inhabitants of Central America, pp.438-439 in vol.3 of Iconographic encyclopaedia of science, literature, and art, 1852, GB |
| Ethnographical |
Republique de l'Amerique Centrale, pp.442-445 in X. Heuschling, Manual de statistique
ethnographique universelle, 1847, in French, GB |
| Historical |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
G.A. Thompson, Narrative of an official visit to Guatemala from Mexico, 1829, GB |
| Residence Memoirs |
| Institutions | Archives, Musea, Libraries |
Repositories of Primary Sources : Latin America (UIdaho);
look for Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Central American Coins, from World Coin Gallery;
Search Coin Archives for Central American Republic |
| Bibliography | General |
RHS Bibliography Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde (Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies), keyword Mauritius (site in German, most titles listed in English; hundreds of entries; publications mostly since 1970) |
| on Central America |
AFEHC Bibliografia Library of Congress HLAS Online Handbook of Latin American Studies (Bibliography) |
| Online Libraries | General |
Gutenberg Library Online,
Internet Archive Persee (French search engine) International Boundary Studies, search for Costa Rica |
| on Central America |
Latindex y las Revistas de la Universidad de Costa Rica AFEHC Articulos, |
| Thesis Server |
TDX (Theses from Spanish Universities Online; almost exclusively in Spanish); search for Costa Rica |
| Online Journals | General |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| On Central America |
Dialogos. Revista Electronica in Spanish, on Costa Rican & Central American Historiography Revista de Historia 2004, 2005 online |
| Historiography |
Article : Latin American Historiography (excluding Mexico and Brazil) - Writing on the precolonial and colonial periods from the sixteenth century
to the present day, by G.L. Vasquez, pp.534-542,
Article : Latin American Historiography (excluding Mexico and Brazil) - The National Period, 1820-1990, pp.542-545 in vol.2
of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
| General Accounts |
Thomas L. Pearcy, The History of Central America, Basingstoke : Palgrave MacMillan 2006, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 972.8 P359h Tom Barry, Central America Inside Out, Grove Press 1991 Clifford Krauss, Inside Central America, Its People, Politics and Culture, NY : Summit 1991 [G] Jim Handy, Gift of the Devil : A History of Guatemala, South End Press, 1998, 324 pp. |
| Specific Topics |
| Historical Dictionaries |
Harvey K. Meyer, Historical Dictionary of Nicaragua, Metuchen N.J. : Scarecrow 1972 [G] Theodore S. Creedman, Historicakl Dictionary of Costa Rica, 2nd ed., Metuchen NJ : Scarecrow 1991 [G] R.E. Moore, Historical Dictionary of Guatemala, Metuchen, N.J. : Scarecrow 1973 [G] Terry M. Mays, Historical Dictionary of Multinational Peacekeeping, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow 1996 [G] |
| Historical Atlas |
Carolyn Hall, Hector Perez Brignoli, Historical Atlas of Central America, Norman : University of Oklahoma Press 2003 [G] |
