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Punjab Emirate of Bukhara
First posted on June 12th 2010






Upon the death of Nadir Shah, his Persian Empire disintegrated. Ahmad Shah Durrani created the Durrani Empire (1747-1823) with its capital at Kandahar. The Durrani Empire pursued a policy of invasions into India, which brought it into conflict with the decaying Mughal Empire and with the Sikh Confederacy in the Punjab.
In 1823-1824 the Durrani Empire disintegrated; the successor states include Herat (1824-1863, where the Durrani Dynasty held on), the Emirate of Afghanistan (1823-1926, Barakzai Dynasty, capital Kandahar).
The Durrani Empire temporarily extended into the Indus valley; hence some contemporary sources treat Baluchistan, Sindh and the Punjab as part of Afghanistan.

Historical Atlas : Western Central Asia
Historical Atlas : South Asia
List of Wars : Afghanistan






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DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES
Country Profiles Current Article : Durrani Empire, from Wikipedia
Historical M. Elphinstone, An account of the kingdom of Caubul, and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary ..., 1815, GB; 2nd ed., vol.2, 1819, GB
Ph.F. Walker, Afghanistan: a short account of Afghanistan, its history, and our dealings with it. (1885), posted on Internet Archive
A. Hamilton, Afghanistan (1910), posted on Internet Archive
Links General from Library of Congress, Portals to the World
from BUBL, from dmoz; from Middle East and Jewish Studies at Columbia Univ.; from AHVL Afghanistan Information Center
List of Afghanistan-Related Topics, from Wikipedia; Category : Afghanistan, from Wikipedia
Intute, search for Afghanistan; provides links to websites of relevant institutions
on History from Afghanistan dot net; from Virtual Library History; from Eurasia.Net
Category : History of Afghanistan, from Wikipedia
Organizations Institute for Afghan Studies
The American Institute for Afghanistan Studies
SPACH, Society for the Preservation of Afghan Cultural Heritage
Historical Dictionary Encyclopaedia Iranica
Timelines from timelines.ws, a website exploiting US newspaper articles, very detailed on the 20th century; from Afghan Embassy, Tokyo; from Wikipedia
Major Events relevant to Central Asian History until 1600; since 1600, from oxuscom
Accounts of History Current History of Afghanistan, from Afghanistan Online (4 chapters); from Afghanistan dot net (40 chapters, 2 links not working); from Times of Central Asia; Historical Guide to Afghanistan, by Nancy Dupree; History of Afghanistan, from Wikipedia; from Global Security
Historical P. Sykes, A History of Afghanistan, vol.1 (1940), S.W.E. Gladstone, vol.2 (1940), posted on Internet Archive
G.P. Tate, The kingdom of Afghanistan: a historical sketch (1911), posted on Internet Archive
H.W. Bellew, Afghanistan and the Afghans: Being a Brief Review of the History of the .. (1879), posted on Internet Archive
G.Br. Malleson, History of Afghanistan, to the outbreak of the war of 1878 (1878), posted on Internet Archive
Specific Periods A.A. Kuhzad, Men and events : through 18th and 19th century : Afghanistan (n.d., c.1950) posted on Internet Archive
The memoirs of Khojeh Abdukurreem, a Cashmirian of distinction (1739-1749), trsl. by Fr. Gladwin, 1788, GB
Politics
Military Article : Battle of Panipat (1761), from Wikipedia
Economy & Finances A Global History of Currencies : Afghanistan
Social History
Ethnography Languages of Afghanistan (47), from Ethnologue
History of Pashto Language, from Afghan Network
Article Languages of Afghanistan, from Wikipedia; Category Languages from Afghanistan, from Wikipedia
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Afghanistan
H.W. Bellew, The Races Of Afghanistan (1880), posted on Internet Archive
H.W. Bellew, An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan (1891), posted on Internet Archive
G.Sc. Robertson, The Kafirs of the Hindu-Kush (1900), posted on Internet Archive
Religion Category Religion in Afghanistan, from Wikipedia
Virtual Jewish History Tour : Afghanistan; Afghanistan, from International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project
History of Regions Provinces of Afghanistan, Divisions of Afghanistan, from www.statoids.com
Article Provinces of Afghanistan, from Wikipedia
Articles Kafiristan, Badakhshan from Wikipedia
Local History History of Kabul, from Wikipedia; from Afghan Info
History of Kandahar, from Wikipedia
History of Herat, from Wikipedia
History of Maymana, from Wikipedia
Institutions Structurae : Afghanistan
Culture Online Publications on the History of Afghani Architecture, posted by ArchNet
Biographies
Others International Boundary Studies, search for Afghanistan
Palearctic Ecoregion, from WWF

WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS
Historical Data Lists of Statesmen from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon)
Documents Historical Newspapers
Image Databanks Wikimedia Commons
Historical Photo Album of Afghanistan 1747-1992, posted by J. Faizi-Skandar
Archival Deposits Afghanistan: Sources in the India Office Records, from British Library
Constitutions, Laws
Treaties Treaties and Agreements relating to Afghanistan, 1809-1919, from South Asia Project
Treaties with the King of Persia, Runjeet Sing, the King of Cabool, the Ameers of Sinde and the Nawab of Bahawulpore, etc (1839), posted on Internet Archive
Document Collections
Historical Maps Afghanistan Maps, from PCL, UTexas
A Selection of Historical Maps on Afghanistan, from Library of Congress, Geography & Map Reading Room
Afghanistan Historical Maps, from David Rumsey Collection
Historical Maps of Central Asia, from Tajikistan Update, links
Maps of Afghanistan, from Embassy World, links
Maps of Afghanistan, from Afghana
Atlas of Afghanistan, from Wikimedia Commons
Afghanistan & Pakistan, from Asian Linguistic Maps
Maps : Languages of the Caucasus, Iranian Languages from Titus
Afghanistan 1906, from Probert Encyclopedia Antiquarian Map Archive
Historical
Encyclopedia Entries 		General Article : Afghaunistan, pp.237-241 in vol.1 of The London Encyclopedia, 1820, GB
Article Afghanistan, pp.168-171 in vol.1 of Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 1823, GB
Religious
Economic
Geographical Afghanistan, pp.535-565 in vol.2 of W. Hamilton, A geographical, statistical, and historical description of Hindostan and the Adjacent Countries, 1820, GB
Afghanistan, pp.325-356 in vol.2 of C. Malte-Brun, Universal geography, or A description of all the parts of the world, 1822, GB
Afghanistan, p.17 in J. Morse, A New Universal Gazetteer, 1823, GB
on History
Parliamentary Debates Hansard (British Parliament)
Tour Guides, Travelogues
Residence Memoirs
Institutions Archives Huntington Archive of Buddhist and Buddhist-related Art, Afghanistan
Society for the Preservation of Afghanistan's Cultural Heritage
Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection, at University of Nebraska at Omaha
Archives, Libraries, Museums, from Afghanistan Cultural Profile
Musea
Monuments
Libraries
National Symbols Flags, Coats of Arms Flag, from FOTW; Emblem, from Wikipedia; National Anthem, from National Anthems Net
Coins, Banknotes of Afghanistan Coin Catalog of Afghanistan, from Numismaticon; 2000 Years of Afghanistan Coins, from Joel's Coins, commercial site; Afghanistan Coins, from Collections of Coins, 20th century coins, bilingual Russian & English page (non-commercial); coins, from Zeno; search Coin Archives for Afghanistan
on the Durrani Dyn. Durrani Dynasty, 1160-1272 AH, from Zeno

PRINTED REFERENCE
Bibliographies general RHS Bibliography
UK National Archive Online Library
ISBN Database
on Afghanistan Afghanistan Bibliography, from Afghanistan Analyst
Online Publications on the History of Afghani Architecture, posted by ArchNet
Afghanistan, from The Online Books Page
Central and Inner Asia Studies, publications
Publications, from Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, St. Petersburg (most in Russian)
Resources for Central Asian Studies in the British Library
Online Libraries general Project Gutenberg, Online Catalogue, keywords Ceylon
Internet Archive
e-corpus
International Boundary Studies
on Afghanistan
Theses Server Afghanistan Analyst, online theses
Online Journals Central Asia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS; Afghanistan Journals, from ELIN-NIAS
Silk Road Papers, from Central Asia - Caucasus Institute
Silk Road Journal
Search Parameters, US Army War College Quarterly 1971- for Afghanistan
General Accounts Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.13, pp.25-36 Article Afghanistan. KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.13
Specific Topics
Historical Dictionaries Jamil Hanifi, Historical and Cultural Dictionary of Afghanistan, Metuchen NJ : Scarecrow 1976 [G]
Ludwig W. Adamec, Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan, Lanham MD : Scarecrow 1991
Articles : Baluchistan pp.57-59, in : James Minahan, Nations without States, A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements, Westport CT : Greenwood 1996 [G]
Historical Atlasses C. Collin Davies, An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula, Oxford : UP, 2nd edition, 1959 [G]
Historical and Cultural Maps, National Atlas of India Vol.8, published by National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation, Calcutta 1983, edited by G.K . Dutt, S.K. Biswas [G]
J.E. Schwartzberg, A Historical Atlas of South Asia, Chicago : UP 1978 [G]
Statistical Data
Yearbooks