ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Timelines : Kiautschou </title> <META name="keywords" keyword="Kiaochow, Tsintau, Tsingtau, Kiautschow, Tsingtao, Kiaochao, Kiau Chau, Kiauchow, Jiaozhou"> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2007 --> </head> <body bgcolor="grey" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> History of Kiautschou <BR> Index Page </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xkiautschou.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xkiautschou.html"> <img src = "../banners/bankiautschou.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on November 29th 2004, last revied on November 16th 2006 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function SymError() { return true; } window.onerror = SymError; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-5834279270464755"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; //2007-02-17: MIT_ Ganse google_ad_channel = "0420158018"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR><BR> </div> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline : Kiautschou </B></font> </TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1860 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Prussia, as leader of the Zollverein, dispatched a naval expedition to the Far East (China, Japan, Thailand) to sign trade agreements </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1861 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Trade agreement between Prussia/the Zollverein and China signed </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1868-1871 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> China expeditions of geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen. He recommended the acquisition of Kiautschou Bay </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1871 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> German unification </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1886 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Germany's postal service opened postal agencies in various Chinese cities </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1891 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> China decided to open a naval base in Qingdao </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1896 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> S.M.S. Iltis, a German naval vessel dispatched in order to survey Kiautschou Bay, sank in a typhoon </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1897 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Following the assassination of two German missionaries in China, Emperor Wilhelm II. ordered the immediate occupation of Kiaotschou Bay </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1897 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Port city of Tsintau, later renamed Tsingtau (modern Qingdao) founded </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1898 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Germany leased Kiautschou from China for 99 years </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1898 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Tsingtau declared a free port </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1900-1901 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Boxer Rebellion in China </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1901 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Postage stamps for Kiautschou issued </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1901 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Begin of railroad construction </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1902 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Begin of coal mining at Weih-Hsien </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1903 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Begin of beer brewing in Qingdao </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1904 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Pier for ocean steamers taken into operation </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1904 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Shantung railway (constructed, run by Germans) completed until Tsinan (Jinan) </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1907 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Deutsch-Asiatische Bank began issuing banknotes </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1909 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> German-Chinese College opened </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1911 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> The Chinese Revolution caused an influx of refugees </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1914 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> On the outbreak of WW I, China cancelled Germany's lease of Kiautschou </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1914 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> World War I; after three months of fighting, the Japanese occupied the colony German soldiers interned in Bando camp, Japan </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1917 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Secret Anglo-Japanese treaty concerning the cession of Kiautschou to Japan </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1917 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> China declared war against Germany </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1919 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> In the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to give up all her colonies and overseas possessions </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1922 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Following Chinese demonstrations, Japan returned Kiautschou to China </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1929 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Qingdao granted status of a special city </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1930 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Change of transcription; Tsingtau became Qingdao </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1932 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> National Shandong University at Qingdao opened </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1938-1945 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Japanese occupation of Qingdao </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1945 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kuomintang forces took over Qingdao; the city briefly served as a U.S. naval base </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1949 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Communists took over Qingdao </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1966 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> European cemetery in Qingdao destroyed by Red Guards </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1984 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> China opened up to world trade; Qingdao again begame a bustling port </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR><BR><BR> </div><div align = "center"> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function SymError() { return true; } window.onerror = SymError; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-0213752126925919"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "3" cellspace="5" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "100" valign = "top" align = "center" bgcolor="#FFFACD"> <font size = "3" face = "Times Roman" color = "#000000"> EXTERNAL <BR> FILES </font></TD> <TD width = "750" valign = "top" align = "left" bgcolor = "#FFFACD"> <font size = "2" face = "Times Roman" color = "#000000"> Kiautschou, from <A HREF = "http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/kiautschou.htm"><B>Deutsche Schutzgebiete</B></A>, in German <BR> Auf den Spuren Deutscher Schutzgebiete : Tsingtau (Tracing German Protectorates : Tsingtau), from <A HREF = "http://www.jaduland.de/kolonien/asien/kiautschou/"><B>Jaduland</B></A>, in German <BR> <A HREF = "http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/REZENSIO/buecher/2000/klth1100.htm"><B>Sammelrezension Kiautschou</B></A>, in German <BR> Tsingtau - ein Kapitel deutscher Kolonialgeschichte in China. 1897-1914. (Tsingtau - a chapter in German colonial history), exhibition, posted by <A HREF = "http://www.dhm.de/ausstellungen/tsingtau/tsingtau.html"><B>DHM</B></A>, in German <BR> German Colonies : Kautschow, from <A HREF = "http://www.usgennet.org/de/topic/ddgn/colonies/kiautschou.html"><B> German History Net</B></A> <BR> Documents on German Imperialism, posted by <A HREF = "http://www.zum.de/psm/imperialismus/primaer.php"><B>psm-data</B></A>, many in both German and in English translation; see especially Kolonialatlas-series <BR> Pachtgebiet Kiautschou, from <A HREF = "http://www.traditionsverband.de/kiautschou.html"><B>Traditionsverband</B></A>, in German <BR> China Foreign Colonies and Concessions, from <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/China_Foreign_colonies.html"><B> World Statesmen</B></A> <BR> Article Qingdao, from <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao"><B>Wikipedia</B></A> <BR> Geography and History, from <A HREF = "http://qingdao.sohu.com/qdinfo/historyen.asp"><B>Information Center of the City of Qingdao</B></A> <BR> Geography and History, from <A HREF = "http://www.china-sd.net/eng/sdcities/qingdao/history.asp"><B>China-sd.net</B></A> <BR> History, from <A HREF = "http://www.sdu.edu.cn/english/second/008history.html"><B>Shandong University</B></A> <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <font size = "2" face = "Times Roman"> Click here to go <A HREF = "../../index.html">Home</A> <BR> Click here to go to <A HREF = "../../about.html">Information about KMLA, WHKMLA, the author and webmaster</A> <BR> Click here to go to <A HREF = "../..links.html">Statistics</A><BR> </font> <BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "1"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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