ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Timelines : Xinjiang </title> <META name="keywords" keyword="Sinkiang, East Turkestan, East Turkistan, Uyghuristan, Dzungaria, Jungaria, Khotan, Kashgar, Chinese Turkestan, Eastern Turkestan"> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2007 --> </head> <body bgcolor="grey" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> History of Xinjiang <BR> Index Page </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xxinjiang.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xxinjiang.html"> <img src = "../banners/banxinjiang.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on December 2nd 2004, last evised on November 13th 2006</i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function SymError() { return true; } window.onerror = SymError; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-5834279270464755"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; //2007-02-17: MIT_ Ganse google_ad_channel = "0420158018"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR><BR> </div> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline : Xinjiang </B></font> </TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 934 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Arrival of Islam; Uyghur Kgd. split in two - Muslim Karakhanids, Buddhist Karakhoja </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1218-1220 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Uyghur kingdoms submitted resp. conquered by Genghis Khan, became Mongol vassal </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1284 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Uyghur Kingdoms annexed by Chagatai </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1389 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Raid by Tamerlane devastated Jungaria </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1397 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Uyghur Kingdoms - Buddhist Karakhoja Kgd., Muslim Karakhanids, united </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 16th c. </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Uzbek invasions/interference; Buddhism exterminated among Uyghurs </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1678 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Jungarians interfered in Kashgar power struggle </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1759 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Chinese conquest of Jungaria </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1765 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Jungar rebellion defeated </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1820-1828 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Wushu rebellion in East Turkestan </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1847 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Uyghur rebellion against Chinese rule, supported by Kokand </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1855 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Uyghur rebellion against Chinese rule, supported by Kokand </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1856 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Uyghur rebellion did not get beyond initial stage </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1857 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Uyghur rebellion did not get beyond initial stage </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1862 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Begin of major Uyghur rebellion; Chinese ousted </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1864-1877 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> After power struggle, Yakub Beg held East Turkestan </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1870 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Russian occupation of the Ili Territtory </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1881 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Chinese forces reoccupied the Ili Territory, held by Russian forces since 1881 </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1884 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Qing China abolished vassal state status, created Xinjiang Province, capital Di Hua (= Urumqi) </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1916-1932 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> While China was a Republic, it disintegrated into warlord-held territories and went through Civil War. Remote Xinjiang was neglected; the Kuomintang govt. concentrated on Han China. Warlord from 1911 to 1928 Yang Tseng-Hsin </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1924 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Xinjiang University at Urumqi established </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1928 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Han Chinese warlord controlling Xinjiang, Yang Zengxin assassinated </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1933 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Sheng Zicai took power in Xinjiang, proclaimed to rule in amity with USSR </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1933 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Begin of activity of Chinese Communist Party in Xinjiang </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1933-1934 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Islamic Republic East Turkestan maintained independence </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1937-1945 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Sino-Japanese war; Xinjiang again neglected </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1945-1949 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> East Turkestan maintained independence </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1949 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Communist victory in Chinese Civil War; establishment of PRC, incl. Xinjiang </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1949-1954 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Xinjiang part of China's North West China Region </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1949-1978 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> The PRC regarded religion as "Opium for the People"; atheism official doctrine </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1953 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Census; 74 % of the population Uyghur </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1954 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Xinjiang capital Di Hua renamed Urumqi </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1955 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Xinjiang granted status of autonomous province </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1955 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Petrol found in Xinjiang </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1962 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Xinjiang capital of Urumqi connected to Chinese railroad network </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1962 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Mass exodus of Xinjiang Kazakhs to Kazakh SSR (USSR) </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1964 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> PRC test-exploded first nuclear bomb. Testing area at Lop Nor, Xinjiang </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1966-1967 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Cultural Revolution </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1968-1969 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Sino-Soviet border conflict </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1978 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> The PRC declared Freedom of Religion </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="100" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1978 </font></TD> <TD width="580" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Opening of Karakoram Highway, connecting China (Xinjiang) with Pakistan </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR><BR><BR> </div><div align = "center"> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function SymError() { return true; } window.onerror = SymError; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-0213752126925919"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR><BR> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <font size = "2" face = "Times Roman"> Click here to go <A HREF = "../../index.html">Home</A> <BR> Click here to go to <A HREF = "../../about.html">Information about KMLA, WHKMLA, the author and webmaster</A> <BR> Click here to go to <A HREF = "../..links.html">Statistics</A><BR> </font> <BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "1"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? "/" + file : file; referer = (document.referrer) ? document.referrer : ""; document.write("<script type=\"text/javascript\" "); document.write("src=\"" + path_to_counterfile + "?chCounter_mode=js&status=" + cstatus + "&visible=" + visible); document.write("&seite=" + file + "&referer=" + referer + "&res_width=" + screen.width + "&res_height=" + screen.height + "\"></" + "script>"); //--> </script> <!-- End of CH Counter --> <BR> </div> </body></html>