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First posted on December 6th 2004, last revised on November 4th 2009







 History of the Territory of the Modern Province of Fujian

The territory of Fujian did not belong to the Xia Dynasty (1989-1558), Shang Dynasty (1556-1046 BC) and the Zhou Dynasty (1046-221 BC). During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-403), the territory of modern Fujian was part of Yue, which was conquered by Chu in 334, which again was conquered by Qin in 225-223. Fujian thus was under Qin (223-206) under Western Han (221 BC - 8 AD), Xin 8-22 AD and Eastern Han 25-220. Then Fujian (partially) was under Wu (Sun Wu, 222-280), Western Jin 265-317, Eastern Jin, From c.420 to 581, Fujian was under the Southern Dynasties until Sui (581-618) again reunited China. Sui was followed by Tang (618-907). During the Five Dynasties and 10 States Period, Fujian was under Min (909-945); Yin (943-945) and Qingyuan (933-978) split off and formed independent entities; Min and Yin were conquered by Wuyue. Fujian was reunited under Northern Song (960-1127). and Southern Song (1127-1279), followed by Yuan (1234-1368), Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911). the Republic of China (1911-1949). Since 1949 Fujian, except for a few islands off its coast (Quemoy/Kinmen, to Taiwan) forms part of the People's Republic of China.

History of Fujian as a Chinese Province

Under the Han Dynasty, the territory of Fujian was under the Yang province (but in essence Fujian was outside of Chinese control), under Western Jin under Yang province, an organisation maintained under Sui. Under Tang, Fujian formed part of Jiangnan province. Under Northern Song, Fujian province was established under that name. Under Southern Song, Fujian province was maintained. Under Yuan, from 1278 to 1299, Fujian territory was split in Fuzhou and Quanzhou provinces, from 1299 Fujian territory was part of Jiangzhe. Under late Yuan, Fujian province was established in 1352; it was maintained under Ming, Qing, the Republic of China and the PRC. Taiwan, which submitted to China in 1683, was annexed into Fujian province in 1689. In was separated from Fujian in 1885 when it was made a separate province.

Timeline : Fujian






DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES
Country Profiles from Wikipedia
Links, General Category : Fujian, from Wikipedia
Links, on History Category : History of Fujian, from Wikipedia
Historical Dictionary Encyclopedia of China, from Jongo Knows
Organizations Xiamen University, College of the Humanities, Institute of Historical Studies
Historical Maps Southeastern China Political, from Albert Herrmann, History and Commercial Atlas of China (1935), posted by huhai.net
Map : Amoy and Environs (Imperial Japanese Govt. 1915), posted by PCL, UTexas
Map : Languages of China, from Titus
Timelines click here
History of the Administrative Divisions of China, Capitals of Subnational Entities of China, from Wikipedia
Accounts of History from Wikipedia
List of Current and Former Capitals of Subnational Entities of China, from Wikipedia; scroll down for Fujian
A Brief History of Development, from Fujian Narcotics Control Commission (economic/political history of Fujian) 2005
Encyclopedia Entries Article : Fu-Kien, Fuchow, Amoy, Chang-Chow, from EB 1911
Article : Fukian, Futschou, Amoy, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German, posted by Retro Bibliothek
Article : Fokien, Futschou Amoy, from Meyers Grosses Konversationslexikon 1902-1909, in German, posted by Zeno
Political History / Specific Periods Concentration Camps Today : Central Coast, from ATTAC
Article Jiangxi-Fujian Soviet, from Wikipedia
The Official System of the Power of Wang in Fujian During the End of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, summary of Chinese language article posted on Shvoong
The Southeast Naval Force in the Ming and Ching Dynasties and the Development of the Maritime Rights, summary of Chinese language article posted on Shvoong
Article : Ispah Rebellion, from Wikipedia
Quemoy (Kinmen), from Global Security
Article Wokou (Japanese Pirates), from Wikipedia
F.S. Litten, The CCP and the Fujian Rebellion (1988); F.S. Litten, Did Chiang Kai-shek Trigger the Fujian Rebellion ? A look at some Western archival documents (1996)
Pioneers of Modern China : Fujian Ren & Lin Ze Xu: The Fuzhou Hero Who Destroyed Opium
M.S. Erbaugh, R.C. Kraus, The 1989 Democracy Movement in Fujian and its Aftermath (1991)
Economy A Brief History of Fujian Tea, from FZRM
The Foreign Trade Revenue of Sea-traders from Guangdong and Fujian Provinces in Ming and Qing Dynasties, summary of Chinese language article posted on Shvoong
The Ming Dynasty's Fishery Policy System and Its Change: Analysis of the Fishery Organization's Ori, summary of Chinese language article posted on Shvoong
(Sweet Potato in Fujian), from Taiwan Schoolnet
Fujian's Ode to the Sweet Potato, from Far Outliers 2006
Marco Polo in the Fujian region of South China : an environmental interpretation, FAS : China Tropical Lands Research
Ethnography Articles She, from Ethnic China
Article : Ispah Rebellion, from Wikipedia
Judith Banister et al., Population and Migration Characteristics of Fujian Province, China, 1993, U.S. Bureau of Census
Fan Ke, Ethnic Evolvement in a South Fujian Hui Community,
History of Religion Metropolitan Archdiocese of Fuzhou, Diocese of Funing, Apostolic Prefecture of Jian'ou, Apostolic Prefecture of Shaowu, Diocese of Tingzhou, Diocese of Xiamen, from GCatholic
Hugh Clark, The Religious Culture of Southern Fujian, 750-1450: Preliminary Reflections on Contacts across a Maritime Frontier, in : Asia Major 3rd series vol.19 pt.1/2 2006
List of Buddhist Temples : China : Fujian, from Wikipedia
Guanghua, (near) Fuzhou, Nanshaolin monastery, (near) Xitianwei, from Monastic Asia
Temple of Immortal Pei (Fuzhou, Fujian), Mt. Shizhu Daoist Temple (Fuqing, Fujian), Temple of Original Sublimity (Quanzhou, Fujian) , from General Presentation of Daoism
Fujian Mosques and Islamic Heritage, from Amoy Magic, Muslims and Mosques in Fujian, from What's on Xiamen, Category " Mosques in Fujian, from Wikipedia
File:Carving of Shiva from a Hindu Temple at Quanzhou, from Wikimedia
History of Regions Prefectures of China, from www.statoids.com
History of Cities Treaty Ports, Foreign Concessions & Colonies in 1920es China, list compiled by Phil Abbey
History of Xiamen (Amoy), from China Tour; from Amoy Magic; from Wikipedia; from Xiamen Municipal Government
Article Fuzhou, from Columbia Encyclopedia; from Wikipedia
Deutsche Seewarte, Die wichtigsten Häfen Chinas, 1901
Giles, Herbert Allen, A short History of Koolangsu, 1878, SBB
Structures, Institutions Structurae : Fujian Province
Articles Fujian Normal University, Fujian University of Technology, from Wikipedia
Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport, from Travel China Guide; Article Kinmen Airport, from Wikipedia; History of Kinmen Airport
History of Kinmen Prison
Special Topics Franklin P. Metcalf, Travellers and Explorers in Fukien before 1700, The Hong Kong Naturalist 1934
J.M. Newman, Fujian : the Province and its Foods [!], from Institute for the Advancement of the Science and Art of Chinese Cuisine
Eileen Jong, The Earth Houses of Fujian
Walter E. Parham, Article South China Tiger, Maltese Tiger, from Wikipedia
Bibliography Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde (Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies), keywords Fukien, Fujian (site in German, most titles listed in English; hundreds of entries; publications mostly since 1970)

DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS
Lists of Statesmen Provinces and administrative divisions of China, from World Statesmen
China Administrative Divisions, from rulers.org
Population Statistics China, historical population statistics by province, from Population Statistics, posted by Jan Lahmeyer
Fujian, from UNESCAP Chinadata
City Populations : China - Fujian, from City Population
PRC, Abortions and Live Births by Region, Historical Data, from Johnston's Archive
Fujian, from Database of the Basic Conditions of Family Planning Programme at CIPRC (Text on Demography, 1999)
Documents The History of Fukian Province, from World History Archives
Search USC Digital Library for Fujian, Fukien
Image : Famine relief at the Hartwell Memorial Church, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 1931, from USC Digital Library
Photo Album, from Amoy Magic (Historic & Modern Photos)
Fujian Tulou, from Fotopedia
Fujian Statistical Yearbook 2007, in English
Archives China Archives Information on the Web, scroll down for Fujian
China Museums, scroll down for Fujian
Monuments Sculptural Portraits of Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty: Further Study of Coloured Sculptures Unearthed, summary of Chinese language article posted on Shvoong
Coins Chinese Provinces : Fukien, from World Coin Gallery
Search Coin Archives for Fukien
Fukien 1821-1932, from Numismaticon
Others Historic Postcards from Fujian, Amoy, Fuzhou, from Historical Chinese Postcard Project, 1896-1920

PRINTED REFERENCE
Online Libraries Hong Kong University Theses Online, titles in English, most theses in Chinese
Hong Kong Journals Online
General Accounts C.D. Bruce, The Provinces of China, together with a history of the first year of H.I.M. Hsuan Tung, and an account of the government of China (1910), posted on Internet Archive (includes data of 1913); Fukien pp.123-129
Th.J. Cochrane, Survey of the missionary occupation of China (1913), posted on Internet Archive, on Fukien pp.47-67
M. Broomhall, The Chinese empire: a general & missionary survey .. (1907), posted on Internet Archive, on Fukien pp.54-63
E.J. Dukes, Everyday life in China; or, Scenes along river and road in Fuh-Kien. London Missionary Society's ed. With upwards of fifty illus. from sketches and photographs (1885), posted on Internet Archive
E. Stock, The story of the Fuh-Kien mission of the Church Missionary Society (1890), posted on Internet Archive
M.E. Darley, The light of the morning : the story of C.E.Z.M.S. work in the Kien-ning Prefecture of the Fuh-kien Province, China (1903), posted on Internet Archive
James F. Roche, The French at Foochow (1884), posted on Internet Archive
W.E. Geil, Eighteen Capitals of China (1911), posted on Internet Archive, Foochow pp.40-77
China Hai guan zong shui wu si shu Reports on Trade at the Treaty Ports (1868), Foochow pp.45-65, Amoy pp.67- 72, 1869 pp.61-75 1871 pp.67-78, pp.83-104, posted on Internet Archive
G. Hughes, Amoy and the Surrounding Districts (1872), posted on Internet Archive
J.V.N. Talmage, History and Ecclesiastical Relations of the Churches of the Presbyterial Order at Amoy, China (1863), posted on Internet Archive
Ph.W. Pitcher, Fifty years in Amoy : or, a history of the Amoy Mission, China, founded February 24, 1842 (1893), posted on Internet Archive
J.J.M. de Groot, Les fetes annuellement celebrees a Emoui (Amoy): etude concernant la religion populaire des Chinois (1886), in French, posted on Internet Archive
Ph.W. Pitcher, In and about Amoy : some historical and other facts connnected with one of the first open ports in China (1912), posted on Internet Archive
J. MacGowan, Christ or Confucius, which? or, The story of the Amoy mission (1889), posted on Internet Archive
Prosper Giquel, The Foochow Arsenal, and Its Results, from the Commencement in 1867, to the ... (1874), posted on Internet Archive
N.G. Gee, The educational directory for China; an account of the various schools and colleges connected with Protestant missions (1905), posted on Internet Archive Fuhkien pp.9-11,59-62, 69-71, 82, 101-105, 110-112, 132-133
H.R. Clark, Community, Trade and Networks. Southern Fujian Province from the Third to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge : UP 1990 [G]
Historical Dictionaries James S. Olson, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China, Westport CT : Greenwood 1998 [G]