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History of the Territory of the Modern Province of Henan The territory of northern Henan belonged to the Xia Dynasty (1989-1558), all of Henan to the to Shang Dynasty (1556-1046 BC), and the Zhou Dynasty (1046-221 BC). When after the sack of Xi'an in 771 BC the Zhou Dynasty disintegrated (Spring and Autumn Period 770-403, Warring States 403-221), the territory of Henan was divided among Zheng, Chu (S), Zhou (W), Cai, Chen, Song, Wei (E); in 479 Chu conquered Chen, in 447, Chu Cai; in 403 Han was newly formed (W). In 375, Zheng was conquered by Han, in 286 Song was conquered by Qi. By 221 Chu, Han, Zhou and Wei had surrendered to Qin (221-206), which was followed by Western Han (221 BC - 8 AD), Xin 8-22 AD and Eastern Han 25-220. Then Henan was under Cao Wei 220-265, under Western Jin 265-317. Then southern Henan was under Eastern Jin, northern Henan was under Former Zhao 318-329, Later Zhao (329-353), then split between Former Yan (337-370) and Former Qin (351-394) until the latter conquered Former Yan, and then under Later Qin. From c.420 to 581, northern Henan was under the Northern Dynasties, while southern Henan was under the Southern Dynasties until Sui (581-618) again reunited Henan and China. Sui was followed by Tang (618-907). It was succeeded by the Five Dynasties 907-960, followed by Northern Song (960-1127). In 1125-1127 the Jin Dynasty (-1234) established control over Henan. It was followed by Yuan (1234-1368), Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911). The period of the Republic of China (1911-1949) brought a degree of confusion. In Henan the republic began with the administration of Yuan Shi Kai (1912-1916); then the Northern Expedition established control of the Nanjing administration (1928). In 1937 Japanese forces occupied Henan, which from 1940 to 1945 was under the collaborationist Wang Jingwei administration (capital Nanjing). From 1946 to 1949 Henan was battleground between Communist and Nationalist forces during the Chinese Civil War. Since 1949 Henan forms part of the People's Republic of China. Luoyang served as the capital of Eastern Zhou, Eastern Han 25-220, Cao Wei 220-265, Western Jin 265-317, and under Northern Wei 493-534 and Later Tang 923-936. Kaifeng served as the capital of Later Liang 907-923, Later Jin 936-947, Later Han 947-950, Later Zhou 951-960 and Northern Song 960-1127. History of the Henan as a Chinese Province Under the Han Dynasty, the territory of Henan was under the Yan (N, NE), Silii (NW) and Yu (S) provinces, under Western Jin nothern Henan under Si, southern Henan under Yu. Under Sui, Henan was under Yu. Under Tang, modern northern central Henan formed Duji Province, the NW belonged to Jingji, the south to Shannandong, the east to a province also called Henan. Under Northern Song Henan was largely covered by Jingji Province, which again was divided in north and south. Under the Jin Dynasty, Henan was split in Damingfu (NE), Nanjing. Under Yuan, Henan formed part of Henanjiangbei Province. Since Ming Henan forms a province by that name. Timeline : Henan Students' Papers : Suh, Hee-won: History of Water Management in China (2008) |
