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Sources on the History of East Asia Sources on the History of Core China . South China . Gobi Region . Northeast Asia |
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KMLA Papers . References : Online Secondary Sources . Online Primary Sources .
Bibliographic and Print Sources for the years until 1911 see Chinese Empire For the years 1911-1949, see Republic of China Demographic History of China Historical Atlas : China, Macau, Hong Kong History by Province : Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang For Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang see Manchuria Former foreign colonies / leased territories / concessions in China : Macau, Hong Kong |
Country Profiles | current |
from BBC Country Profiles;
from World Desk Reference ;
from Nations Encyclopedia;
from Wikipedia;
from CIA World Factbook Country : PR China Library of Congress Country Studies : China Chinapedia |
historical |
Links | General |
from Library of Congress, Portals to the World;
from BUBL;
from dmoz;
from Internet Guide for Chinese Studies (Virtual Library China);
from MCLC;
Links on China (chapter on Ch. History) from Univ. Oregon, Asian Studies List of China-related topics, from Wikipedia Asia Portal : China |
on History |
from Virtual Library Labour History (IISG);
from Virtual Library Economic and Business History;
from Virtual Library Women's History;
from IGCS;
from Univ. Oregon, Asian Studies |
Historical Dictionary |
Encyclopedia of China, from Jongo Knows Maoist Wiki |
Organizations |
Chinese Archaeology Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences The First Meeting of The Japan-China Joint History Research Committee (2006), from MOFA Japan; Shoji Jun'ichiro, Briefing Memo. Outlook for the Japan-China Joint History Research Committee, 2008 International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) The International Project on Chinese and Comparative Historiography, by IIAS |
Timelines |
Timeline China, from BBC News, begins in 1949 from www.timelines.ws : 1925-1994, 1995-1999, 2000-2030 Timeline of Chinese-European Cultural Relations, posted by Institute of Asian Affairs, Hamburg Chronologie Chine, from Clio, in French Category : Years of the 20th Century, from Wikipedia |
Accounts of History | Chinese Perspective |
PRC : History, from GOV.cn, Chinese Government's Official Web Portal |
other Perspective |
Concise Political History of China, posted by
Chinese Culture (CUNY); based on Comptons; from
Chinapedia Article History of the PRC, from Wikipedia; from Crime and Society. A Comparative Criminology Tour of the World Consolidating the Revolution, 1950-1957, ch.45, Party and Meritocracy : the "Antagonistic" Contradiction, ch.46, Politics of the "Great Leap" and the "Cultural Revolution", ch.47, China, Russia and America 1949-1996, ch.48, Post-Mao Domestic Politics : the Postponed Crisis of the First Succession, ch.49, from Edward Kaplan, Chinese Political History, at WWU |
Historiography | on Chinese Perspective |
Daqing Yang, "Regime of Truth"
and Possibilities of Trans-National History in Japan and China, 2002; click
here for discussion review of Qingjia Edward Wang, Inventing China through History : The May 4th Approach to Historiography (2001) from BC Asian Reviews Wang, Yuanzhou, A Peripheral Vision of China's Historiography : Ups and Downs of Asian History, Journal of Northeast Asian History 5/1 2008 T.K. Chung, Aspects of Modern Chinese Historiography, from The Corner, 1985 |
other Perspective |
Article : Chinese Historiography, from Wikipedia Category : Historiography of China, from Wikipedia Leif Littrup, Post-modernisation or Normalisation in China, NIAS Newsletter 2002 Seo, Jungmin, The Politics of Historiography in China : Contextualizing the Koguryo Controversy, from Asian Perspectives 32/3 2008 |
Politics |
Political Resources on the Net : China;
Governments on the WWW : PR China;
For the Record 2000 : China, from UN Human Rights System Article Politics of the PRC, from Wikipedia Article Communist Party of China, from Wikipedia Anti-Rightist Movement, June 4th Massacre, Cultural Revolution, by Ah Xiang Lee, Hong Yung. From Revolutionary Cadres to Party Technocrats in Socialist China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991 Dittmer, Lowell. China's Continuous Revolution: The Post-Liberation Epoch, 1949-1981. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1987. Stephen R. MacKinnon, A Late Qing-GMD-PRC Connection : Police as an Arm of the Modern Chinese State, Selected Papers in Asian Studies 1983 Gordon Bennett, Decentralization and Reform in China's New Policies, Selected Papers in Asian Studies 1983 A Comparison of Chinese and North Korean Communism up to 1980, Part 1, Part 2, Blbliography, by James Graham |
Military |
see here Resistance Wars, Korean & Vietnamese Wars, by Ah Xiang Song Yongyi, Case Study : The Dao County Massacre of 1967, from Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence |
Economy |
A Global History of Currencies : China;
Article Economy of the PRC, from Wikipedia Article Renminbi, from Wikipedia Article Shanghai Stock Exchange, from Wikipedia The Economic History and the Economy of China, by Thayer Watkins China, from Technological Independence - The Asian Experience, by S. Chamarik and S. Goonatilake 350 Years of Chinese Textiles, by Robert Oliver Article Economic History of China, from Wikipedia A Short History of the Chinese Car Industry, from World Business Live; Article Automobile Industry in China, from Wikipedia Space Industry of China, from china.org.cn Catherine R. Schenck, Economic and Financial Integration between Hong Kong and Mainland China before the Open Door Policy, 1965-1975, draft, IEHC 2006 Global Integrity : China 2007 Enterprise China, from Economy Point Coffee History in China, from Mad about Shanghai P. Eijkhoff, Wine in China. Its History and Contemporary Developments; History, from Wine China Walder, Andrew G., editor The Waning of the Communist State: Economic Origins of Political Decline in China and Hungary. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Rawski, Thomas G., and Lillian M. Li, editors Chinese History in Economic Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. Andrew C. Wilson, Politics and Market Forces in China's Planned Economy : The Case of Grain Self-Sufficiency versus Cash Crop Benefits, Selected Papers in Asian Studies 1986 Search Company History, Funding Universe : Company Histories for China Maps Chinese Agriculture c.1930, posted by Paul Noll China's Nutrition Revolution (Dairy Industry), from Shanghai Star 2002 John P. Powelson, A History of Wealth and Poverty: Why a Few Nations are Rich and Many Poor, Ch.11 : China : The Puzzles of History, China : Institutions and Reform, 1994 The Economic Geography of China, ch.2, Twentieth Century Chinese Economic Thought, ch.43, Economic Consequences of War and Civil War, ch.44, Agricultural Cycles since 1949, ch.46, The Industrial Takeoff of the 1950s, ch.47, Economic Vicissitudes of Mao's Old Age, ch.48, The post-Mao Economy and its Prospects, ch.49 from Edward Kaplan, Chinese Economic History from Stone Age to Mao's Age, 1989/1997, at WWU |
Social History |
Stephen L. Morgan, Stature and Famine in China. The Welfare of the
Survivors of the Great Leap Forward Famine 1959-1961, 2008 Davis, Deborah, and Stevan Harrell, editors. Chinese Families in the Post-Mao Era., Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Arlene T. Golkin, Medical and Nutritional Aspects of Famine in Twentieth Century China, Selected Papers in Asian Studies, n.d. Alcohol and Drugs History Society : China China : History of the Third Sector, China : History of Philanthropy, from Philanthropy and the Third Sector in Asia and the Pacific Crime and Society : A Comparative Criminology Tour of the World : China |
Ethnography |
Languages of China (236), from Ethnologue Minorities at Risk, scroll down for China - Hui Muslims, Tibetans, Turkmen Wikipedia Articles : Autonomous Areas of China, List of Ethnic Groups in China; articles on individual minorities linked here Country Report : China, from U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (Reports 1997-2006) Migration Information Source : China China, from World Cultures Encyclopedia World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : China Wu Chinese, by Liang Huang |
Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : China, from Kirken i Norge China, from The Jewish Virtual History Tour; China, from International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project China's Christian History, by Charles Homer Patron Saint Index : China |
History of Regions |
see History of Anhui, Fujian, Gansu,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan,
Heilongjiang, Hebei, Henan,
Hubei, Hunan, Inner Mongolia,
Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin,
Liaoning, Manchuria,
Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi,
Shandong, Shansi, Sichuan,
Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang at this site Provinces of the PRC, Prefectures of the PRC, from www.statoids.com |
Local History |
History of Beijing (Peking), by Lee Min Ju (at this site),
from china.org,
from Wikipedia History of Tianjin (Tientsin), from Wikipedia History of Shanghai, at this site, from Wikipedia History of Nanjing (Nanking), from Wikipedia History of Guangzhou (Canton), from Wikipedia History of Chongqing (Chungking), from Wikipedia |
Institutions |
Article Shanghai Stock Exchange, from Wikipedia Brief History of Broadcasting Stations in Shanghai, from Old Shanghai Article China Radio International, from Wikipedia Article China Central Television, from Wikipedia Article Chinese Space Program from Wikipedia; Entry China, from Encyclopedia Astronautica Article Rail Transport in the PRC, from Wikipedia China National Aviation Corporation Homepage, has history History of the Educational System of China, by D. Surowski; Education in the PRC, from Wikipedia Article Chinese Academy of Sciences, from Wikipedia China, from Airline History Structurae : China; Search Lighthouse Depot for China Society introduction, from Chinese Nutrition Society |
Culture |
Article Chinese Language : History and Evolution, from Wikipedia Article Chinese Literature, from Wikipedia Article Cinema of China, from Wikipedia Andrews, Julia F. Painters and Politics in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1979. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. Articles China at the Olympics, Sports in China, from Wikipedia |
Biographies |
List of Famous Chinese, from Wikipedia |
Environmental History |
Jonathan Harrington and Wu Yiqi,
A Competitive Advantage Analysis of the Air Emissions Control Industry in the People's Republic of China, Selected Papers in Asian Studies 1995 Robert M. Hartwell, Fifteen Centuries of Chinese Environmental History. Creating a Retroactive Decision-Support System, 1994 anon. The Environmental History of China and the Sustainable Management of Governments Patrick T. Hughes, Environmental Degradation in the Tibetan Autonomous Region, ICE Cases 2006; Nargiza Salidjanova, Chinese Damming of Mekong and Negative Consequences for Tonle Sap. ICE Case Studies 2007 Osamu Saito, Forest History and the Great Divergence : China, Japan and the West Deforestation History, from The Increasing Costs of Development : Threats to China's Biodiversity Yaoqi Zhang, Deforestation and Forest Transition : Theory and Evidence in China |
Others |
Backgrounder : Sino-British Relations, from
Chinese Embassy London; Articles
Foreign Relations of the PRC,
Dates of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations with the PRC, from Wikipedia China, from Tram Views of Asia Historical Photographs Online (China), from Finding Images of East Asia at Harvard and Beyond Disaster History by Country : China, from Relief Web; Category Disasters in the PRC Palearctic Ecoregion, from WWF Een kroniek van Nederlands-Chinese betrekkingen (A chronicle of Dutch-Chinese Relations), from Gele Draak, in Dutch The History of Chinese Medicine : Modern, 1911-, from Shen Nong William A. Mulligan, The Chinese Press : Journalism under Mao, Selected Papers in Asian Studies 1992 William A. Mulligan, The Influence of Deng Xiaoping on Chinese Journalism, Selected Papers in Asian Studies 1991 William A. Mulligan, Media Reform in China after the '89 Turmoil, Selected Papers in Asian Studies, n.d. Victor Bai, Emergency Management in China, FEMA Nutrition Country Profiles : China, from FAO Juliana Peresvetova, Sino-Soviet Amur Conflict, ICE Case Studies 1997; Dong Jun Na, The Yalu River and its Security Implications for China, ICE Case Studies 1998 |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon);
from Rulers (B. Schemmel);
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated);
Political Leaders, from ZPC, including party leaders |
Lists of Ambassadors |
Sveriges beskickningschef i Kina, from Wikipedia Swedish edition;
List of U.S. Ambassadors to China, from NNDB;
List of Canadian Ambassadors to China, from Wikipedia;
Ambassadeurs de France en Chine, from
Wikipedia French edition,
Liste der deutschen Botschafter in China, from
Wikipedia German edition |
Statistical Data | Responsible Institution |
National Bureau of Statistics of China |
Population Figures |
China, from Population Statistics China Population Database, from UNESCAP Population of Cities : China, from City Population Historical Abortion Statistics, PRC, from Johnston's Archive |
Exchange Rates |
Historical Exchange Rates, from Oanda, since 1990 Federal Reserve (U.S.) : Foreign Exchange Rates, Historic |
Documents | Historical Newspapers | Hemerotheques |
ICON, International Coalition on Newspapers : Newspaper Digitization Projects,
scroll down for China |
Modern Newspapers | links from Online Newspapers, from World Newspapers |
Online Yearbooks |
General PRC Entries |
Staatskalender | on the PRC |
Image Databanks | Surveys |
Historical Photographs Online (China), from Finding Images of East Asia at Harvard and Beyond (links) |
Systematic Collections General |
Systematic Collections Specialist |
Chinese Posters 1950-, from IISG China 1972 Image Database China Underground : 20 Rare Images of Chinese Nuclear Tests during Sixties, 1960s China Underground : 14 Cultural Revolution Propaganda Postcards |
Accidental Collections |
Oriental Collections Items on PR China |
Asian Historical Architecture, a Photographic Survey |
Universal Collections Items on PR China |
License Plates, from Francoplaque, from
License Plates of the World Passport, from Passports of the World Airline Timetable Images : China (People's Republic) |
Archival Deposits |
Records of Historic Richard Nixon-Zhou Enlai Talks 1972 now Declassified, from
National Security Archive Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken (Mofa, NL ; enter "China" in field : "Lijst samenstellen op land of regio", 27 entries; sources posted in Dutch language |
Constitutions |
Verfassungen der Volksrepublik China (Constitutions of the PR China), from verfassungen.de, in German |
Laws |
List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by China, from
ILO, 30 docs. since 1948 Internet Law Library : China |
Treaties | General Treaty Collections |
Bilateral Treaty Collections |
Documents : Australian Treaty Series, Bilateral Treaties - China |
Historiography |
Document Surveys |
Document Collections |
Links to sources, from UWashington Library Documents : PR China, from CEAS, from UCLA Center for East Asian Studies Internet East Asian History Sourcebook Chinese History Documents, from John Fairbank Memorial Chinese History Virtual Library Chinese History : Government Documents, posted by R.R. Wertz Asia for Educators : Primary Sources with Questions, China, 1900-1950 |
Individual Documents |
Shanghai Communique 1972, from CNN Interactive |
Historical Maps | responsible institutions |
National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation |
collections |
see here Links, from Univ. Oregon, Asian Studies |
entire country, modern |
Zhou & Qin, from Asian Linguistic Maps Maps Chinese Agriculture c.1930, posted by Paul Noll Map : Languages of China, from Titus |
entire country, contemporary |
Map :
China Main Railways 1961,
China Mineral Sources, Main Industrial Towns 1966, from Probert Encyclopedia Antiquarian Map Archive |
detail, modern |
detail, contemporary |
U.S. Army Map Service, China 1:250,000, 1954-,
China City Plans, 1942-1945, PCL, UTexas |
Parliamentary Debates |
Historic Tour Guides |
Exhibition Catalogues |
Institutions | Archives |
State Archives Administration, PRC Repositories of Primary Sources : Asia : China, from Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages, 9 entries UNESCO Archives Portal : National Archives Asia Pacific, has one entry for China (Nov. 20th 2006), scroll down; has also 12 entries on provincial, 31 entries on municipal level |
Musea |
Monuments |
Tentative List : China,
World Heritage List, scroll down for China; from UNESCO World Heritage China Index, from Showcaves |
Libraries |
National Library of China . National Digital Library of China Libraries in China, from LibDex, 23 entries |
State Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW; National Emblem, from
Wikipedia;
National Anthem, from National Anthems Net |
Coins |
Banknotes of China, from World Currency Gallery, from
Ron Wise's World Paper Money;
Chinese Banknotes, from Numismondo;
from Zeno Coins of PRC, from Zeno |
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND PRINT SOURCES Bibliographies . Online Libraries . Thesis Servers . Online Journals . General Accounts . Specific Topics . Historical Dictionaries . Statistical Data . Yearbooks |
Bibliographies | general |
Search ISBN Database |
on China | survey of bibliographies |
Internet Guide for Chinese Studies :
Online Bibliographies for Chinese Studies |
bibliographic database |
China National Bibliography, IFLA Entry |
general bibliographies |
pp.251-278 in L.R. Sullivan, Historical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China 1949-1977, Lanham Md : Scarecrow 1997 [G] pp.587-655 in L.R. Sullivan, Historical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China 1949-1977, Lanham Md : Scarecrow 2007 [G] Links : Books on Chinese History, from Asia Source China Bibliography. Collection of Resources, posted by University of Maine at Farmington Bibliography, Library of Congress Country Studies : China |
annual bibliographies |
specialist bibliographies |
N. Light, Annotated Bibliography of the History and Culture of Eastern Turkistan, Jungharia/Zungaria/Dzungaria, Chinese Central Asia, and Sinkiang/Xinjiang Article : Bibliography of Christianity in China, from Wikipedia Tribal Textiles, China Bibliography J.E. Hoare, S. Press, World Bibliographical Series No.226 : Beijing, Oxford : Clio 2000 [G] |
serial publications |
general bibliographies China entries |
Memory & Reconciliation in the Asia-Pacific : Comfort Women : Bibliography |
booksellers |
Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
e-corpus Gallica |
on China |
National Library of China . National Digital Library of China |
Thesis Server |
Open Access Theses and Dissertations Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR) : China |
Online Journals | Directories |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
full text online |
Search Parameters, US Army War College Quarterly 1971- for
China Asia Insights, from NIAS, 2002- B.C. Asian Review, clickable index Journal of Northeast Asian History 2004- Asian Perspectives, 2003- IIAS Newsletter, 1993-2003 Orientalia Parthenopea Journal 2005- , mostly in Italian Asia Major 1923-1934, 1949-1975, 1988-2010 Academia Sinica Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1961-2007 |
contents online |
Monumenta Serica. Journal of Oriental Studies |
General Accounts |
David C. Wright, The History of China, Westport CT : Greenwood 2001, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 951 W947h Gilbert Rozman (ed.), The Modernization of China, NY : the Free Press 1981, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 951 R893m Edwin E. Moise, Modern China. A History, London : Longman (1986) 1996, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 951.05 M714m Article China, pp.36-231 in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., Macropaedia, vol.16, KMLA Lib. Call Sign R 032 B862n Peter Cheng, A Chronology of the People's Republic of China from October 1, 1949, Totowa N.J. : Rowman & Littlefield 1972 [G] Y. Gluckstein, Mao S China Economic And Political Survey (1957), posted on Internet Archive |
Specific Topics |
Gao Yuan, Born Red, A Chronicle of the Cultural Revolution, Stanford UP 1987, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 951.056 Y94b Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tienanmen, Chicago UP 2001, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 951.058 Z63p Franklin W. Houn, A Short History of Chinese Communism, Englewood Cliffs : Prentice Hall 1967 [G] A. Chan et al., Chen Village. The Recent History of a Peasant Community in Mao's China, Berkeley : University of California Press 1984 [G] Kang Chao, Agricultural Production in Communist China 1949-1965, Madison : University of Wisconsin Press 1970 [G] Kwan Ha Yim (ed.), China & the U.S. from Johnson to Nixon & Detente, NY : Facts on File 1975 [G] Documents on Communism, Nationalism, and Soviet Advisers in China 1918-1927. Documents seized in the 1927 Peking RaId, NY : Octagon Books 1972 [G] Russell Spurr, Enter the Dragon. China's Undeclared War against the U.S. in Korea, 1950-1951, NY : Henry Holt 1988 [G] Stephen Andors, China's Industrial Revolution. Politics, Planning and Management 1949 to the Present, NY : Pantheon 1977 [G] David Milton and Nancy Dall Milton, The Wind Will not Subside. Years in Revolutionmary China 1964-1969, NY : Pantheon 1976 [G] Dan Pinck, Journey to Peking. A Secret Agent in Wartime China, Annapolis : Naval Institute Press 2003 [G] Fulang Lo, Morning Breeze. A True Story of China's Cultural Revolution, San Francisco : China Books 1989 [G] F.R. Dulles, American Foreign Policy toward Cmmunist China 1949-1969, NY : Thomas H. Crowell 1972 [G] Neale Hunter, Shanghai Journal. An Eyewitness Account of the Cultural Revolution, Hong Kong : Oxfoprd UP 1988 [G] F.H.H. King, A Concise Economic History of Modern China, N.Y. : Praeger 1969 [G] Chr. Howe, Wage Patterns and Wage Policy in Modern China 1919-1972, Cambridge : UP 1073 [G] John McCook Roots, Chou. An Informal Biography of China's Legendary Chou En-Lai, NY : Doubleday 1978 [G] |
Historiography | Chinese Perspective |
Lin Yi, A Short History of China 1840-1919, Peking Foreign Language Press 1965 [G] Yang, Shang-Kuei, The Red Kiangsi-Kwangtung Border Region, Peking Foreign Language Press 1961 [G] Tung Chi-Ming, An Outline History of China, Peking Foreign Language Press 1959 [G] Tung Chi-Ming, A Short History of China from Earliest Times to 1840, Peking Foreign Language Press 1965 [G] Compilation Group of "Modern China Series", The Taiping Revolution, Peking : Foreign Language Press 1976 [G] Compilation Group of "Modern China Series", The Revolution of 1911, Peking : Foreign Language Press 1976 [G] Chen, Chang-Feng, On the Long March with Chairman Mao, Peking : Foreign Language Press 1959 [G] Chien Po-Tsan et al., Concise History of China, Peking : Foreign Language Press 1964 [G] Chen Po-ta, Notes on Ten Years of Civil War (1927-1936), Peking : Foreign Language Press 1954 [G] |
Foreign Perspective |
Article : Chinese Historiography - Modern General Histories (twentieth century), by M.C. Mazur, pp.166,
Article : Chinese Historiography - Modern (post-Ming) and Communist, by G. Alitto, pp.167-170
Article : Chinese Historiography - Standard Histories, by G.R. Hardy, pp.171-172, in vol.1 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
Atlasses |
Nathan Sivin (ed.), The Contemporary Atlas of China, Boston : Houghton Mifflin 1988 [G] R. Benwewick & S. Donald, The State of China Atlas, London : Penguin 1999 [G] |
Historical Dictionaries |
Michael Dillon, China, a Cultural and Historical Dictionary, Richmond (Surrey) : Curzon 1998, KMLA Lib. Call Sign R 951.003 D579c Leung, Edwin Pak-Wah, Historical Dictionary of Revolutionary China 1839-1976, Westport CT : Greenwood 1992, KMLA Lib. Call Sign R 951 L653h James S. Olson, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China, Westport CT : Greenwood 1998 [G] Lawrence R. Sullivan, Historical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China 1949-1997, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow 1997 [G] L.R. Sullivan, Historical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China 1949-1977, Lanham Md : Scarecrow 2007 [G] Michael Dillon, Dictionary of Chinese History, Bournemouth : Frank Cass 1979 [G] F.M. Kaplan, J.M. Sobin, Encyclopedia of China Today, NY : Eurasia Press (1979) 3rd ed. 1981 [G] |