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Ethiopia Djibouti
First posted on July 2nd 2002, last revised on November 7th 2009






Eritrea independent

Eritrea 1952-1991
Eritrea 1939-1952
Eritrea 1918-1939
Eritrea 1882-1918

Eritrea before 1882


Historical Atlas, Eritrea Page

Students' Paper : Sung Ji Yun, History of Nutrition in East Africa (2012)









DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES
Country Profiles from BBC Country Profiles; from World Desk Reference ; from Nations Encyclopedia; from Wikipedia; from CIA World Factbook, countries - Eritrea; from IRIN (UN)
Links, General from Library of Congress, Portals to the World; from BUBL; from Africa South of the Sahara (Stanford); from Africa Studies Center (UPenn)
Links on Eritrea, from Worldwide Gazeteer
Category : Eritrea, from Wikipedia
List of Eritrea-Related Topics, from Wikipedia
Links, on History Virtual Library History : Eritrea
Category : History of Eritrea, from Wikipedia
Categoria : Storia dell' Eritrea, from Wikipedia
Historical Dictionaries
Timelines Timeline, from BBC News; from timelines.ws
Accounts of History from Wikipedia, Wikipedia Italian edition, eritrea.be, Africa.it, in Italian; by Mebrat Tzehaie
Politics Political Resources on the Net : Eritrea; Country Profile : Eritrea, from ISS
Article Politics of Eritrea, from Wikipedia; Category : Politics of Eritrea, from Wikipedia
Governments on the WWW : Eritrea
Military Wars of Eritrea, 1800-1999, from ACED
Articles World War II, East African Campaign, Eritrean War of Independence, Eritrean Civil Wars, Eritrean-Ethiopian War, Eritrean Ascari, Battle of Adwa, First Italo-Ethiopian War, from Wikipedia
Articles Guerra d'Eritrea, Guerra di Abissinia, Battaglie di Agordat, Battaglia di Adua, Campagna d'Africa Orientale, from Wikipedia Italian edition
Eritrea-Ethiopia : Year in Brief : 2005, from Global Security
Global Security : African Paramilitary Groups : Alliance of Eritrean National Force; Eritrean People's Liberation Front; Islamic Salvation Movement (Eritrea); Islamic Union of the Mujahideen of Ogadin
Ethiopia/Eritrea Profile, from International Crisis Group
Tracey L. Cousin, Eritrean and Ethiopian Civil War, from ICE Case Studies 1997
J. Stephenson, Eritrea and Ethiopia, Continued Conflict, from ICE Case Studies 2006
Worcester Regiment Website : 1st Battalion Worcestershire Regiment - Sudan and Eritrea (1939-1941)
WRNZLA Ascari: I Leoni d' Eritrea. Coraggio, Fedeltà, Onore. Tributo al Valore degli Ascari Eritrei.
Economy & Finances A Global History of Currencies : Eritrea, Currency Boards and Dollarization by Kurt Schuler; click for Eritrea
Article Economy of Eritrea, from Wikipedia, Category : Economy of Eritrea, from Wikipedia
Pauline Boerma, Assessing Forest Cover Change in Eritrea - a Historical Perspective, 2006
Jacky Sutton, Eritrean Currency through the Ages
The National Agricultural Research System of Eritrea, WANA NARS study 1999
Storia dell Eritrea, from Africa.it
Alessandro Dinucci and Zeremariam Fre, Understanding the Indigenous Knowledge and Information Systems of Pastoralists in Eritrea, FAO 2003
Rena Ravinder, Historical Development of Money and Banking in Eritrea from the Axumite Kingdom to the Present MPRA 2006
Ethnography, Demography Languages of Eritrea (13), from Ethnologue
Worldwide Refugee Information : Eritrea, from U.S. Committee for Refugees
Article Languages of Eritrea, from Wikipedia
Minorities at Risk, Eritrea - Afars
Eritrea, from Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Eritrea
Tigrinya History of the Tigrinya Ethnic from Eritrea and Ethiopia, from Tigrinya Online
Religion Article Islam in Eritrea, from Wikipedia
Article Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church, from Wikipedia
2000 Annual Report on Religious Freedom : Eritrea, from U.S. State Department
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Eritrea, from Kirken i Norge
Ismael Mukhtar, Milestones in the History of Islam in Eritrea 2008
History of Regions Regions of Eritrea, from www.statoids.com
Districts of Eritrea, from www.statoids.com
History of Cities History of Asmara, from asmera.nl
History of Massawa, from Wikipedia
Article Assab, from Wikipedia
Institutions Eritrean Railways and Ropeways, posted by Trainweb
Eritrea, from Airlines History
List of Universities in Eritrea, University of Asmara, from Wikipedia
Structurae : Eritrea, search Lighthouse Explorer for Eritrea
Biographies List of Eritreans, from Wikipedia
African Women Bibliographic Database
Others Afrotropic Ecoregion, from WWF
Disaster History by Country : Eritrea, from Relief Web
Eritrea, from Crime and Society, A Comparative Crimonology Tour of the World (R. Winslow)
Alcohol and Drugs History Society : Eritrea
Article Eritrea at the Olympics, from Wikipedia
Rena Ravinder, Eritrean Education, Retrospect and Prospect (2004), from MPRA
Astier M. Almedom, Re-Reading the Short and Long-Rigged History of Eritrea 1941-1952

DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS
Lists of Statesmen from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon); Rulers : Eritrea by B. Schemmel
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated); Rulers of Eritrea, from Wikipedia
Regmal Chronologies : East Africa; scroll down for Eritrea, Massawa
List of Colonial Heads of Eritrea, from Wikipedia
List of Ambassadors List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Eritrea, from Wikipedia; U.S. Ambassadors to Eritrea, from NNDB: Chinese Ambassadors to Eritrea, from PRC MOFA
Statistical Data Responsible Institution
Population Figures Historical Population Statistics : Egypt, from Population Statistics at Univ. Utrecht
Election Results from Psephos (never a democratic election held); from African Elections Database
Online Newspapers links from Online Newspapers, from World Newspapers
Image Databanks Systematic Collections
General
Systematic Collections
Specialist
Accidental Collections
Universal Collections
Items on Eritrea
License plates from Eritrea, from Francoplaque; from License Plates of the World
Airline Timetable Images : Eritrea
Document Collections History of the Horn of Africa, from World History Archives, scroll down for Eritrea
List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by Eritrea, from ILO, 7 docs. since 1993
Information by Country : Eritrea, from U.S. Commission for Refugees, 10 reports 1999-2001
Eritrean Constitution of 1997, posted by Mebrat Tzehaie
Peace Agreements Digital Collection : Eritrea-Ethiopia, from United States Institute of Peace
Search Hansard for Eritrea
Search Prassi Italiana di Dirito Internazionale, Indice delle leggi e degli altri atti normativi, for Eritrea, 29 entries, in Italian
Historical Maps responsible institutions Ministry of Agriculture, National Mapping Agencies in Africa
collections : Africa Historical Maps of Africa, University of Alabama
collections : Eritrea click here
Eritrea Maps, PCL, UTexas
Atlas of Eritrea, Wikipedia Commons
WRNZLA, Ascari, Leoni d'Eritrea. Mappe Storiche
Robevan, Menu Mappe (of Eritrea)
Africa, Modern Africa 1905, 1912, 1938, 1959, 1967, 1993, J. de Salas Vara del Rey
Eritrea, Modern Eritrea : People, from Wikipedia
Eritrea, Contemporary R. de Lannoy de Bissy, Carte de l'Afrique à l'échelle de 1:2 000 000 22. Souakin 1886, 22. Souakin 1888, 22. Souakin 1898, 29. Gondar 1891, 29. Gondar 1899, Gallica
Africa 1:2.000.000, U.S. Army Map Service, sheet 15 Al Khurtum (1979), PCL, UTexas
Abissinia 1884 (actually a map of Eritrea)
Maps : Abyssinia 1906, Abyssinia 1922, Abyssinia 1930, Abyssinia 1932, Eritrea 1906, 1932, from Probert Encyclopedia Antiquarian Map Archive
detail, hindsight/modern Map Italian-Ethiopian War 1896
detail, contemporary Citta Italiane, Anni 20, scroll down for Massaua, Asmara (1929)
Encyclopedia Entries Articles Eritrea, Asmara, Massawa, Assab, from EB 1911
Articles : , Assabbai, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German, posted by Retro Bibliothek
Articles Erythräa, Asmara, Massaua, Assabbai, Arkiko, Arafale, Rubattino, from Meyers Grosses Konversationslexikon 1902-1909, in German, posted by Zeno
Eritrea p.320 in J. MacFarlane, Economic geography, c. 1910, GB
Entry : Nubia, Abyssinia, and the Coasts of Beja and Habesh, pp.114-151 in vol.4 of C. Malte-Brun, Universal Geography 1826, GB
Archives, Musea, Libraries World Wide Archives : Eritrea, from U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian
Category : Museums in Eritrea, from Wikipedia
Libraries in Eritrea, from LibDex
Museums in Eritrea, from International Council of African Museums
National Symbols Flag, from FOTW
National Anthem, from national-anthems.net
Coins, Banknotes Banknotes of Eritrea, from World Currency Museum, from Ron Wise's World Paper Money
Coin Catalog of Eritrea, from Numismaticon
Eritrea Coins, from Don's World Coin Gallery
Eritrea, from Encyclopedia of Small Silver Coins
N. Kabaklarli, Devarya, an unknown Ottoman Mint in Eritrea, from Ottoman Empire Coins & Banknotes
Stamps Eritrea Stamps 1893-1924, from Stamps Catalogue 1840-1920 by Evert Klaseboer

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliographies general Search ISBN Database
RHS Bibliography
UK National Archive Online Library
on Eritrea survey of bibliographies
bibliographic database AfricaBib : Africana Periodical Literature, African Women, Women Travelers, Explorers and Missionaries to Africa
African Borderlands Research Network : Bibliography
general bibliographies Eritrea Bibliography, from NNDB
annual bibliographies
specialist bibliographies R.S. O'Fahey, Sudanese (and some other) Sources on Eritrean History, a Bibliographical Note , Sudanic Africa, 12, 2001, pp.131-142
Eritrea Bibliography, from FAO
Eritrea-Ethiopia Bibliography, by Mike Metras
serial publications
general bibliographies
Eritrea entries
J. Gay, Bibliographie des ouvrages relatifs a l'Afrique et a l'Arabie : catalogue methodique de tous les ouvrages français et des principaux en langues etrangeres traitant de la geographie, de l'histoire, du commerce, des lettres et des arts de l'Afrique et de l'Arabie 1875, in French, Gallica
Roots Institute, Bibliography of Published Primary Sources in African History (English Language)
Eritrea-Bibliographie, from Afrika-Handbuch, at Univ. of Vienna
booksellers
Online Libraries general Google Books; Internet Archives; Gutenberg Library Online; HathiTrust; Gallica
International Boundary Studies
on Eritrea Aluka, African Online Digital Library (AODL), African Digital Library (ADL)
General Accounts Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.17, pp.819-822 Article Eastern Africa : Eritrea. KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.17
F. Casanova, I nostri errori. Tredici anni in Eritrea: note storiche e considerazioni (1898, in Italian), posted on Internet Archive
Giotto Dainelli, In Africa : lettere dall'Eritrea (1908, in Italian), posted on Internet Archive
B. Melli, La colonia Eritrea dalle sue origini fino al 1. marzo 1899 (1899) in Italian, posted on Internet Archive
B. Melli, L'Eritrea dalle sue origini a tutto l'anno 1901 .. (1902) in Italian, posted on Internet Archive
M. Schoeller, Mittheilungen über meine Reise in der Colonia Eritrea (1895) in German, posted on Internet Archive
Economic History Hans Meyer, Die Eisenbahnen im Tropischen Afrika (The Railroads in Tropical Africa), Leipzig : Duncker & Humblot 1902, in German, posted by DTBSWS, chapter Eritrea, pp.159-160
G.B. Gioli, Le attitudini della colonia eritrea all'agricoltura, (1902, in Italian), posted on Internet Archive
Historical Dictionary Chris Prouty, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Metuchen Md : Scarecrow 1994
Articles : Adal pp.7-9, in : James Minahan, Nations without States, A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements, Westport CT : Greenwood 1996 [G]