DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES

Country Profiles

from BBC Country Profiles; from World Desk Reference ; from Nations Encyclopedia; from Wikipedia; from CIA World Factbook, countries - Eritrea; from IRIN (UN)

Links, General

from Library of Congress, Portals to the World; from BUBL; from Africa South of the Sahara (Stanford); from Africa Studies Center (UPenn) Links on Eritrea, from Worldwide Gazeteer Category : Eritrea, from Wikipedia List of Eritrea-Related Topics, from Wikipedia

Links, on History

Virtual Library History : Eritrea Category : History of Eritrea, from Wikipedia Categoria : Storia dell' Eritrea, from Wikipedia

Historical Dictionaries

Historical Maps

click here Maps : Abyssinia 1906, Abyssinia 1922, Abyssinia 1930, Abyssinia 1932, from Probert Encyclopedia Antiquarian Map Archive

Timelines

Timeline, from BBC News; from timelines.ws

Accounts of History

from Wikipedia, Wikipedia Italian edition, eritrea.be, Africa.it, in Italian; by Mebrat Tzehaie

Encyclopedia Entries

Articles Eritrea, Asmara, Massawa, Assab, from EB 1911 Articles : , Assabbai, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German, posted by Retro Bibliothek Articles Erythräa, Asmara, Massaua, Assabbai, Arkiko, Arafale, Rubattino, from Meyers Grosses Konversationslexikon 1902-1909, in German, posted by Zeno Eritrea p.320 in J. MacFarlane, Economic geography, c. 1910, GB

Politics

Political Resources on the Net : Eritrea; Country Profile : Eritrea, from ISS Article Politics of Eritrea, from Wikipedia; Category : Politics of Eritrea, from Wikipedia Governments on the WWW : Eritrea

Military

Wars of Eritrea, 1800-1999, from ACED Articles World War II, East African Campaign, Eritrean War of Independence, Eritrean Civil Wars, Eritrean-Ethiopian War, Eritrean Ascari, Battle of Adwa, First Italo-Ethiopian War, from Wikipedia Articles Guerra d'Eritrea, Guerra di Abissinia, Battaglie di Agordat, Battaglia di Adua, Campagna d'Africa Orientale, from Wikipedia Italian edition Eritrea-Ethiopia : Year in Brief : 2005, from Global Security Global Security : African Paramilitary Groups : Alliance of Eritrean National Force; Eritrean People's Liberation Front; Islamic Salvation Movement (Eritrea); Islamic Union of the Mujahideen of Ogadin Ethiopia/Eritrea Profile, from International Crisis Group Tracey L. Cousin, Eritrean and Ethiopian Civil War, from ICE Case Studies 1997 J. Stephenson, Eritrea and Ethiopia, Continued Conflict, from ICE Case Studies 2006

Economy & Finances

A Global History of Currencies : Eritrea, Currency Boards and Dollarization by Kurt Schuler; click for Eritrea Article Economy of Eritrea, from Wikipedia, Category : Economy of Eritrea, from Wikipedia Pauline Boerma, Assessing Forest Cover Change in Eritrea - a Historical Perspective, 2006 Jacky Sutton, Eritrean Currency through the Ages The National Agricultural Research System of Eritrea, WANA NARS study 1999 Storia dell Eritrea, from Africa.it Alessandro Dinucci and Zeremariam Fre, Understanding the Indigenous Knowledge and Information Systems of Pastoralists in Eritrea, FAO 2003 Rena Ravinder, Historical Development of Money and Banking in Eritrea from the Axumite Kingdom to the Present MPRA 2006

Ethnography, Demography

Languages of Eritrea (13), from Ethnologue Worldwide Refugee Information : Eritrea, from U.S. Committee for Refugees Article Languages of Eritrea, from Wikipedia Minorities at Risk, Eritrea - Afars Eritrea, from Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Eritrea Tigrinya History of the Tigrinya Ethnic from Eritrea and Ethiopia, from Tigrinya Online

Religion

Article Islam in Eritrea, from Wikipedia Article Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church, from Wikipedia 2000 Annual Report on Religious Freedom : Eritrea, from U.S. State Department Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Eritrea, from Kirken i Norge Ismael Mukhtar, Milestones in the History of Islam in Eritrea 2008

History of Regions

Regions of Eritrea, from www.statoids.com Districts of Eritrea, from www.statoids.com

History of Cities

History of Asmara, from asmera.nl History of Massawa, from Wikipedia Article Assab, from Wikipedia

Institutions

Eritrean Railways and Ropeways, posted by Trainweb Eritrea, from Airlines History List of Universities in Eritrea, University of Asmara, from Wikipedia Structurae : Eritrea, search Lighthouse Explorer for Eritrea

Biographies

List of Eritreans, from Wikipedia African Women Bibliographic Database

Bibliographies

RHS Bibliography, search for Eritrea; Search UK National Archive Online Library for Eritrea Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde (Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies), keyword Eritrea (site in German, most titles listed in English; hundreds of entries; publications mostly since 1970) Eritrea Bibliography, from NNDB Eritrea-Bibliographie, from Afrika-Handbuch, at Univ. of Vienna Africana Periodical Literature Bibliographic Database, Eritrea R.S. O'Fahey, Sudanese (and some other) Sources for Eritrean History, a Bibliographical Note Eritrea-Ethiopia Bibliography, by Mike Metras Eritrea Bibliography, from FAO

Others

Afrotropic Ecoregion, from WWF Disaster History by Country : Eritrea, from Relief Web Eritrea, from Crime and Society, A Comparative Crimonology Tour of the World (R. Winslow) Alcohol and Drugs History Society : Eritrea Article Eritrea at the Olympics, from Wikipedia Rena Ravinder, Eritrean Education, Retrospect and Prospect (2004), from MPRA Astier M. Almedom, Re-Reading the Short and Long-Rigged History of Eritrea 1941-1952

DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS

Lists of Statesmen

from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon); Rulers : Eritrea by B. Schemmel from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated); Rulers of Eritrea, from Wikipedia Regmal Chronologies : East Africa; scroll down for Eritrea, Massawa List of Colonial Heads of Eritrea, from Wikipedia

List of Ambassadors

List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Eritrea, from Wikipedia; U.S. Ambassadors to Eritrea, from NNDB: Chinese Ambassadors to Eritrea, from PRC MOFA

Population Figures

Historical Population Statistics : Egypt, from Population Statistics at Univ. Utrecht

Document Collections

History of the Horn of Africa, from World History Archives, scroll down for Eritrea List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by Eritrea, from ILO, 7 docs. since 1993 Information by Country : Eritrea, from U.S. Commission for Refugees, 10 reports 1999-2001 Eritrean Constitution of 1997, posted by Mebrat Tzehaie Peace Agreements Digital Collection : Eritrea-Ethiopia, from United States Institute of Peace Search Hansard for Eritrea Search Prassi Italiana di Dirito Internazionale, Indice delle leggi e degli altri atti normativi, for Eritrea, 29 entries, in Italian

Online Newspapers

links from Online Newspapers, from World Newspapers

Election Results

from Psephos (never a democratic election held); from African Elections Database

Archives, Musea, Libraries

World Wide Archives : Eritrea, from U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian Category : Museums in Eritrea, from Wikipedia Libraries in Eritrea, from LibDex Museums in Eritrea, from International Council of African Museums

National Symbols

Flag, from FOTW National Anthem, from national-anthems.net

Coins, Banknotes

Banknotes of Eritrea, from World Currency Museum, from Ron Wise's World Paper Money Coin Catalog of Eritrea, from Numismaticon Eritrea Coins, from Don's World Coin Gallery Eritrea, from Encyclopedia of Small Silver Coins N. Kabaklarli, Devarya, an unknown Ottoman Mint in Eritrea, from Ottoman Empire Coins & Banknotes

Stamps

Eritrea Stamps 1893-1924, from Stamps Catalogue 1840-1920 by Evert Klaseboer

Others

License plates from Eritrea, from Francoplaque; from License Plates of the World Airline Timetable Images : Eritrea

PRINTED REFERENCES

General Accounts

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.17, pp.819-822 Article Eastern Africa : Eritrea. KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.17 F. Casanova, I nostri errori. Tredici anni in Eritrea: note storiche e considerazioni (1898, in Italian), posted on Internet Archive Giotto Dainelli, In Africa : lettere dall'Eritrea (1908, in Italian), posted on Internet Archive B. Melli, La colonia Eritrea dalle sue origini fino al 1. marzo 1899 (1899) in Italian, posted on Internet Archive B. Melli, L'Eritrea dalle sue origini a tutto l'anno 1901 .. (1902) in Italian, posted on Internet Archive M. Schoeller, Mittheilungen über meine Reise in der Colonia Eritrea (1895) in German, posted on Internet Archive

Economic History

Hans Meyer, Die Eisenbahnen im Tropischen Afrika (The Railroads in Tropical Africa), Leipzig : Duncker & Humblot 1902, in German, posted by DTBSWS, chapter Eritrea, pp.159-160 G.B. Gioli, Le attitudini della colonia eritrea all'agricoltura, (1902, in Italian), posted on Internet Archive

Historical Dictionary

Chris Prouty, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Metuchen Md : Scarecrow 1994 Articles : Adal pp.7-9, in : James Minahan, Nations without States, A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements, Westport CT : Greenwood 1996 [G]