Literature on the History of East Africa |
Reunion | Seychelles |
History of Mauritius : Narrative . References : Online Secondary Sources . Online Primary Sources . Bibliographic and Print Sources |
NARRATIVE 1507-1598 . Dutch Rule, 1598-1710 . French Rule, 1715-1810 . British Rule 1810-1880 . 1880-1918 . 1918-1939 . 1939-1968 . Independence, since 1968 |
The Island, 1507-1598 Early visitors, the Arabs and the Portuguese (Portuguese discovery 1507), used the island belonging to the Mascarenes, together with Reunion and Rodrigues to supply their provisions, among others with the meat of the Dodo bird, easy prey for it was not accustomed to predators, and soon became extinct. Mauritius Dutch, 1598-1710 Mauritius was uninhabited when Admiral Wybrand van Warwyck landed in 1598 and claimed it for the Dutch Republic, naming it after stadholder Prince Maurits (Maurice) of Oranje-Nassau. In 1602 the Dutch claim was transferred to the newly established V.O.C. (Dutch United East India Company), whose most valuable asset became the Spice Islands (= the Moluccas). It turned out that Dutch sailors travelling to India suffered dfrom a disease called Beri Beri (scurvy), i.e. the lack of vitamins. In order to provide fresh vegetables on their way home, a settlement was established on Mauritius in 1638; the Dutch also introduced Sugar Plantations. The foundation of Kaapstad (Cape Town, Cape Colony) by Jan van Riebeeck in 1652 made vitamin supply at Mauritius unnecessary; the first Dutch settlement was abandoned soon after, in 1658. Another attempt to settle was made in 1664, but in 1710 the V.O.C. finally abandoned Mauritius. |
Mauritius French, 1715-1810 In 1715, Guillaume Dufresne d'Arsel landed on Mauritius, renamed the island Ile de France and claimed it for France. French settlement began in 1721. Under Governor Mahe de la Bourdonnais (1735-1746), the colony prospered and its population quickly expanded. He established the capital, Port Louis, in 1735. Sugar, cotton, indigo, coffee, manioc were cultivated for export; the governor encouraged the production of food for the consumption of the islanders. At Port Louis, ships could be repaired. In 1744 the island's first sugar mill was taken in operation. Later that century, Pierre Poivre introduced pepper cultivation to the island. Mauritius became the principal stopover for French vessels sailing to the East Indies; under the French, the sugar plantations became profitable, at the expense of harsh conditions under which the imported slaves had to work. The island was property of the French East India Company. To Mauritius belonged a number of further islands, Rodrigues, then Reunion, and the Seychelles, claimed for the French in 1756 by Captain Nicholas Morphy, who found them uninhabited and named the main island Mahe, after Mauritius' governor Mahe de la Bourdonnais. In 1748, the fortress Le Reduit was built. From 1767, the island was governed by a royal governor; in 1785 the governor of Ile de France was placed in charge of all French possessions east of the Cape. In 1790 the administration of Mauritius greeted news of the French Revolution; when they were told of the abolition of slavery in 1793 (in French India), they refused to accept the new governor and, in defiance of the current French government, held out until 1803 (a time, by which slavery had been reintroduced). Yet, it was via Mauritius that Tippoo Sultan of Mysore had communicated with France, requesting military aid against the English, which again launched Napoleon's Egyptian campaign and his plan to further proceed to India. Governor Charles Decaen (1803-1810) introduced the Code Napoleon and established the Lycee Colonial (later renamed Royal College). In 1810, Ile de France was taken by an English fleet; in 1815, France ceded the island, now again called Mauritius, to Britain. |
Mauritius British, 1810-1880 The Mauritian coat of arms includes the inscription stella clavisque maris indicio (star and key of the Indian Ocean), and it was the island's strategic importance which made it a desirable possession for the British. In 1810, the British Navy occupied the Isle de France. At the Vienna Congress (1813-1815), France formally ceded the island to Britain. The British renamed it Mauritius. In 1825 a Council of Government was introduced, all members of whom were appointed. The abolition of slavery in 1834 had a strong impact on the plantation economy, already suffering under declining sugar prices. To replace the workforce, indentured workers were brought in from India, and later, in smaller numbers, from China. Mauritius gained world fame for 2 stamps issued in 1847, an orange 1 penny and a blue 2 pence stamp. Only about a dozen of each still exist, making the Blue Mauritius one of the most prized objects of philately. From 1864 onward, steamships of the Union steamship line regularly stopped at Port Louis, from 1872 onward joined by steamships of the Castle line (both companies later merged). The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 had an impact on Mauritius, as fewer ships took he route from Asia around the Cape, and thus fewer ships called at Port Louis. Mauritius British, 1880-1918 In 1886, Mauritius' constitution was amended, resulting in the inclusion of elected representatives into the Council of Government (est. 1825). The population continued to increase and reached ca. 370,000 by 1900. In 1888, separate administrative councils were established for Mauritius and the Seychelles; in 1903 the Seychelles were separated from Mauritius and declared a separate colony. In 1893 Mauritius was connected to the outside world by sea cable (telegraph). Mauritius British, 1918-1939 The franchise was restricted to property owners, which originally ensured that only whites, mostly plantation owners could vote and be represented in the island's Executive and Legislative Council. Some members of the island's Indian community, which had come into the country as indentured workers in the later 19th century, began to get politically organized, as did the island's Creole community. In 1936 the population numbered 399,878, of whom 131,667 were referred to as the 'general population' (Europeans, Chinese, persons of mixed descent) and 268,211 Indians; population of Mauritius' dependencies 10,952. The currency was the Indian Rupee. English and French were both used as official languahes; the Code Napoleon provided the basic law. The main export product was cane sugar; other export-oriented industries/cultures included the production of aloe fibres, coconut, coffee, tobacco, tea and vanilla cultures. The majority of the population was Roman Catholic. The South and East African Year Book and Guide (1949 p.1041) states : "The war with Germany happily has onliterated the few traces of aloofness between the two white races". Mauritius British, 1939-1968 1584 Jews who had been denied entry to Palestine were detained on Mauritius from 1940 to 1945. In 1948, a new constitution was adopted, introducing universal adult suffrage. The Council of Government was replaced by a Legislative Council, with a majority of elected members and a minority of members nominated by the governor. In 1961, Seewoosagur Ramgoolam was elected the country's first indigenous chief minister. He continued to serve as prime minister after independence, until 1982. In 1964 Port Louis was elevated to the status of a city. In 1968, Mauritius was proclaimed independence and adopted a new constitution. The country joined the British Commonwealth of Nations. Mauritius Independent, since 1968 In 1968, Mauritius proclaimed independence. The country remained within the Commonwealth of Nations; Queen Elizabeth nominally was head of state, represented on Mauritius by a Governor General. The most important political position, however, was that of the Prime Minister. In 1992 Mauritius proclaimed the republic. Now, the country's head of state is a president. Mauritius' recent history is characterized by a remarkable political stability. Prime minister Seewoosagur Ramgoolam ruled from 1968 to 1982, his successor Anerood Jugnauth from 1982 to 1995. The country experiences strong population growth. The majority of the population is very poor. In recent years, the manufacturing economy (textiles) is growing; tourism is a major industry. As a result of colonial history, the dominant languages are Mauritien (a Creole language strongly influenced by French) and Bhojipuri (from India); the dominant religion is Hinduism. The island Rodrigues, located ca. 700 km to the east, belongs to Mauritius. Historical Atlas, Mauritius Page .. British East Africa Page Students' Papers : Lee, Si-eun : History of Indian and Chinese Coolies and their Descendants (2008) |
Country Profiles | Modern |
from CIA World Factbook;
BBC Country Profiles;
World Desk Reference;
Index Mundi,
Nations Encyclopedia Library of Congress, Country Studies : Mauritius Article : Mauritius, from Wikipedia Country Profile : Mauritius, from ISS |
Historical |
An Account of the Island of Mauritius (1842), IA Ch. Pridham, An Historical, Political and Statistical Account of Mauritius (1849), IA J. Anderson, Descriptive Account of Mauritius: Its Scenery, Statistics &c with Brief Historical Sketch 1858, IA C. Keller, Madagascar, Mauritius and the other East-African Islands, 1901, IA; on Mauritius pp.189-200 |
Links | General |
from African Studies at UPenn;
from Africa South of the Sahara at Stanford;
from Library of Congress, Portals to the World;
from BUBL Category : Mauritius, from Wikipedia |
on History |
Category : History of Mauritius, from Wikipedia |
Organizations |
Historical Dictionaries |
Encyclopaedia Mauritiana |
Timelines |
from timelines.ws; from
BBC News |
Accounts of History | Modern |
History of Mauritius, from Mauritius.org from Wikipedia |
Historical |
R.M. Martin, History of Southern Africa: Comprising the Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius .. (1836), posted on
Internet Archive A. Pitot, T'eylandt Mauritius: esquisses historiques (1598-1710). (1905) in French, IA F. Averbeck, Geschichte und Physiographie der Kolonie Mauritius 1905, IA |
Politics |
Politics of Mauritius, from Wikipedia;
Political Resources on the Net : Mauritius;
Governments on the WWW : Mauritius Entry Mauritius, from EISA Web Encyclopedia (Elections) |
Military |
Wars of Mauritius, 1800-1999, from ACED M. Rupiya, In defence of the "star and key of the Indian Ocean": A contemporary history of the Mauritian Police Force , ch. 11, in M. Rupiya (ed.), Evolutions and Revolutions, A Contemporary History of Militaries in Southern Africa, ISS 2005 History of the fortress Le Reduit, from Mauritius Postal Museum D. Carmichael, Account of the Conquest of Mauritius 1811, IA |
Economy & Finances |
Entry Mauritiusfrom Global History of Currencies, by Bryan Taylor;
Currency Boards and Dollarization by Kurt Schuler; click for Mauritius Article Economy of Mauritius, from Wikipedia Catregory : Economy of Mauritius, from Wikipedia Economic History of Mauritius, by Thayer Watkins Mauritius, from Ministry of Rum L. Simonin, Underground Life: or, Mines and miners, 1869, GB; p.256 lists Mauritius as a coaling station Wharton Financial Institutions Center : Mauritius |
Social History |
J. Ridgway, Representation of the State of Government Slaves and Apprentices in the Mauritius: With Observations .. (1830),
IA Mauritius, from Crime and Society. a Comparative Criminology Tour of the World by R. Winslow C.J. Boyle, Far away; or, Sketches of scenery and society in Mauritius 1867, IA C. Telfair, Some account of the state of slavery at Mauritius 1830, IA D.E. Anderson, The epidemics of Mauritius : with a descriptive and historical account of the island (1918), IA C. Anderson, Outlines of a plan submitted to her Majesty's government for the purpose of establishing an authorized committee to regulate and carry on the introduction of Indian laborers at Mauritius 1840, IA |
Ethnography |
Languages of Mauritius (6), from Ethnologue Category Languages of Mauritius, from Wikipedia World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Mauritius |
Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Mauritius, from Kirken i Norge Category : Religion in Mauritius, from Wikipedia Mauritius, from Virtual Jewish History Tour; Mauritius, from International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project Muslims in Mauritius, from Islam for Today |
History of Regions |
Districts of Mauritius, from www.statoids.com J.M. Merklin, Countries and Territories of the 20th Century, 2009 : British Colony of Mauritius 1900-07-08, 1908-07-08, 1918-07-08, 1928-07-08, 1938-07-08, 1948-07-08, 1958-07-08, State of Mauritius 1968-07-08, 1978-07-08, 1988-07-08, Republic of Mauritius 1998-07-08, 2008-07-08 |
Local History |
List of Cities in Mauritius, from Wikipedia History of Port Louis, from Wikipedia |
Institutions |
Mauritius, from Airline History Structurae : Mauritius; search Lighthouse Depot for Mauritius History of Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation Hans Meyer, Die Eisenbahnen im Tropischen Afrika (The Railroads in Tropical Africa), Leipzig : Duncker & Humblot 1902, in German, posted by DTBSWS, chapter Mauritius, pp.164-165 |
Cultural History |
Article : Mauritius at the Olympics, from Wikipedia |
Biographies |
List of Mauritians, from Wikipedia African Women Bibliographic Database Dictionary of African Christian Biography Biography of Governor Bertrand Francois Mahe de la Bourdonnais, from Mauritius Postal Museum |
Environmental History |
Afrotropic Ecoregion, from WWF Disaster History by Country : Mauritius, from Relief Web H.E. Strickland, The dodo and its kindred; or, The history, affinities, and osteology of the dodo, solitaire, and other extinct birds of the islands Mauritius, Rodriguez and Bourbon, 1848, IA |
Others |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon),
from Rulers (B. Schemmel),
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated) Regnal Chronologies : Southern Africa, scroll down for Mauritius |
Lists of Ambassadors |
U.S. Ambassadors to Mauritius, from NNDB;
Chinese Ambassadors to Mauritius, from PRC MOFA |
Lists of Consuls | The Political Graveyard : Mauritius (incomplete list of U.S. consuls) |
Lists of Bishops |
Statistical Data | Responsible Institution |
Central Statistics Office, Mauritius |
Population Figures |
from Population Statistics (Jan Lahmeyer) World Life Expectancy : Health Profile : Mauritius |
Exchange Rates |
Historical Exchange Rates, from Oanda, since 1990 Historical Exchange Rates, from FXTop, since 1965 |
Inflation Rates |
Trading Economics : Mauritius Inflation Rate, 1988- Index Mundi, Mauritius Inflation Rate, 1999-2011 |
Unemployment Rate |
Index Mundi, Mauritius Unemployment Rate 1996-2011 |
Election Results |
from Psephos, since 2000;
from IFES Election Guide, since 2000;
from African Elections Database, since 1959 Search IPU Parline for "Mauritius" EISA Mauritius Election Archive |
Documents | Historical Newspapers |
The London Gazette Archive Life Magazine 1936-1972, GB, 36 entries for Mauritius History of Mauritius, from World History Archives |
Modern Newspapers |
Newspapers and News Media : Mauritius, from ABYZ;
from Online Newspapers,
from World Newspapers (links) |
Online Yearbooks - Mauritius Entries |
Statesman's Year-Book, Mauritius
1886, pp.732-736, IA,
1887, pp.758-762, IA,
1888, pp.762-766, IA,
1889, pp.770-775, IA,
1890, pp.174-178, IA,
1891, pp.178-182, IA,
1892, pp.181-185, IA,
1894, pp.181-185, IA,
1895, pp.182-185, IA,
1896, pp.182-185, IA,
1898, pp.185-188, IA,
1899, pp.200-203, IA,
1903, pp.184-185, IA,
1913, pp.190-192, IA,
1919, pp.190-192, IA,
1921, pp.192-195, IA Yearbook of the United Nations, 1946-2007 Africa 2006, 2007 |
Staatskalender |
Bolton's Mauritius almanac, and official directory
1851, IA The Mauritius Register, 1859, IA |
Image Databanks |
Systematic Collections General |
Systematic Collections Specialist |
Accidental Collections |
Universal Collections Items on Mauritius |
License Plates, from Francoplaque, from
License Plates around the World Airline Timetable Images : Mauritius |
Archival Deposits |
Search National Archives (UK) for Mauritius Foreign & Commonwealth Office, Archive Records |
Laws |
J. Rouillard, A Collection of the Laws of Mauritius and Its Dependencies (1868),
IA W. Greene, L.E. Schmidt, Labor Laws of Mauritius or a Collection of the Laws Specially Relating .. (1869), IA List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by Mauritius, from ILO, 38 docs. since 1969 |
Treaties |
Consular Reports |
Supplement to Commerce reports : daily consular and trade reports issued by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce
British East Africa, Mauritius, 21 Dec. 1915,
Mauritius, 20 Dec. 1916,
British East Africa, Mauritius, 14 May 1918, IA |
Historiography |
Document Surveys |
Ch.12 : De Scriptoribus Rerum Africanarum et Americanarum, pp.263-273, in
B.G. Struve, Selecta bibliotheca historica, 1705, in Latin, GB ;
a catalogue of narrative historical sources Scriptores de insulis Bourbon et France pp.209-211 in vol.3 pt.1 of B.G. Struve/J.G. Meusel, Bibliotheca historica 1787, in Latin, GB |
Document Collections |
Decisions of the Supreme Court, Vice-Admiralty Court, and Bankruptcy Court of Mauritius
1862,
1866,
1867,
1872,
1873,
1874,
1880,
1884,
1887,
1889,
1890,
1891, IA Judgments of the Supreme and other Courts of Mauritius, 1869, IA Decisions of the Supreme Court of Mauritius 1893, 1899, 1907, IA |
Individual Documents |
Historical Maps | responsible institutions |
Land Administration, Valuation and Information Management System, Mauritius |
collections |
Mauritius Maps, PCL, UTexas Category : Old Maps of Mauritius, Wikimedia Commons David Rumsey Map Collection : Mauritius |
Mauritius, Modern |
Mauritius, Contemporary |
Maurinet : Ile de France Bonne, Ile de France, 1791, Wikipedia Mauritius 1906, 1907, 1922, 1932, Probert Encyclopedia |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
Articles Mauritius,
Rodriguez, EB 1911, from Classic Encyclopedia,
Internet Archive Wayback Machine Article Mauritius, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
Religious |
Article Diocese of Port Louis, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907 |
Economic |
J. Chr. Nelkenbrecher, Allgemeines Taschenbuch
der Münz-, Maass- und Gewichtskunde für Banquiers und Kaufleute (General Manual
on Coinage, Measurement and Weights, for Bankers and Merchants) Berlin 1832, in German, entries Maskarenen, posted by DTBSWS Ch. Pope, The yearly journal of trade, 1837-8 : comprising laws of customs and excise, treaties and conventions with foreign powers, tariffs of United Kingdom, Russia, Monte Video ... parliamentary speeches and papers, proclamations, orders in Council and of government boards, reports of law cases, translations of foreign documents (1838), posted on Internet Archive, on Mauritius pp.307-308 |
Geographical |
Mauritius pp.356-357 in J. MacFarlane,
Economic geography, c. 1910, GB |
Historical |
Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
Travelogues |
Ch.J. Boyle, Far away; or, Sketches of scenery and society in Mauritius (1867),
IA |
Residence Memoirs |
A. Bartram, Recollections of Seven Years Residence at the Mauritius, Or Isle of France
1830, IA P. Beaton, Creoles and coolies; or, Five years in Mauritius (1859), IA V.W. Ryan, Mauritius and Madagascar: journals of an eight years' residence in the diocese of Mauritius, and of a visit to Madagascar 1864, IA |
Institutions | Archives |
National Archives Mauritius |
Musea |
Mauritius Museums Council;
Museums in Mauritius, from International Council of African Museums |
Monuments |
Libraries |
Libraries in Mauritius, from LibDex;
National Library of Mauritius |
Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW; Coat of Arms, from
International Civic Heraldry National Anthem, from Mauritius Embassy |
Coins, Banknotes |
Banknotes of Mauritius, from World Currency Museum,
from Ron Wise's World Paper Money Coin Catalog of Mauritius, from Numismaticon, Mauritius coins from Collections of Coins, bilingual Russian and English page; from World Coin Gallery, Search Coin Archives for Mauritius, Mauritius, from Encyclopedia of Small Silver Coins |
Stamps |
Rare Mauritius Stamps, from Sandafayre Stamp Gallery;
Mauritius Stamps 1847-1895,
1896-1920 , from Stamps Catalogue 1840-1920 by Evert Klaseboer The orange and blue Mauritius, from Mauritius Postal Museum |
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND PRINT SOURCES Bibliographies . Online Libraries . Thesis Servers . Online Journals . General Accounts . Specific Topics . Historical Dictionaries . Statistical Data . Yearbooks |
Bibliographies | general |
Search ISBN Database RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library |
on Mauritius | survey of bibliographies |
bibliographic database |
AfricaBib : Africana Periodical Literature,
African Women,
Women Travelers, Explorers and Missionaries to Africa African Borderlands Research Network : Bibliography |
general bibliographies |
Mauritius, from Electronic Journal of Africana Bibliography vol.1 1996 Bibliography, from Library of Congress Country Studies : Mauritius Mauritius, from The Online Books Page Bibliography : Mauritius, from NNDB |
annual bibliographies |
specialist bibliographies |
Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site : Bibliography (on Indian immigration to M.) Mauritius Stamps Bibliography |
serial publications |
general bibliographies Mauritius entries |
J. Gay, Bibliographie des ouvrages relatifs a l'Afrique et a l'Arabie : catalogue methodique de tous les ouvrages français et des principaux en langues etrangeres traitant de la geographie, de l'histoire, du commerce, des lettres et des arts de l'Afrique et de l'Arabie 1875, in French, Gallica Roots Institute, Bibliography of Published Primary Sources in African History (English Language) Mauritius-Bibliographie, from Afrika-Handbuch, at Univ. of Vienna |
booksellers |
Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
Gallica International Boundary Studies |
on Mauritius |
Fonds Patrimoniaux de l'Ocean Indien :
Fonds Iarivo,
Bibliotheque Numerique Mauritiana Bibliotheque Numerique : Maurice, from Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie Universite de Maurice 2007 Aluka, African Online Digital Library (AODL), African Digital Library (ADL) |
Thesis Server |
Open Access Theses and Dissertations |
Online Journals | On the Indian Ocean |
General Accounts |
T.E. Palmer, The Mauritius Register: Historical, Official & Commercial (1859), posted on Internet Archive |
Specific Topics |
Ravinder K. Thiara, Indian indentured workers in Mauritius, Natal and Fiji, pp.63-68
in : Robin Cohen, The Cambridge Survey of World Migration, Cambridge : UP 1995, KMLA Lib.Sign. 304.809 C678c |
Historical Dictionaries |
Statistical Data |
IHS : B.R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics. Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750-2000, London : Palgrave 2003 [G] |
Yearbook Entries | Britannica Book of the Year |
Mauritius, 1913 pp. 646-647 [G] British East Africa, 1944 p.127, 1945 pp.124-125, 1946 pp.146-147, 1947 pp.149-150 [G] Mauritius, 1948 p.466, 1949 p.410, 1950 p.435, 1951 p.446, 1952 p.449, 1953 p.446, 1954 p.449, 1955 p.491, 1956 p.427, 1957 p.488, 1958 p.427, 1959 p.423, 1960 p.417, 1961 p.424, 1962 p.423, 1963 p.546 [G] Commonwealth of Nations, 1964 pp.268-269, 1965 pp.257-258 [G] Colonies and Other Dependencies : Mauritius, 1966 p.204, 1967 p.218, 1968 pp.216-217 [G] Mauritius, 1969 pp.488-489, 1970 pp.492-493, 1971 p.476, 1972 p.448, 1973 p.446, 1974 p.449, 1975 p.479, 1976 p.507, 1977 p.507, 1978 pp.538-539, 1979 pp.525-526, 1980 p.526, 1981 p.530, 1982 p.530, 1983 pp.522-523, 1984 pp.520-521, 1985 pp.470, 737, 1986 pp.464, 735, 1988 pp.393, 655, 1989 pp.393, 656, 1990 pp.410-411, 671, 1993 pp.365, 668, 1994 pp.363-364, 669, 1995 pp.441-442, 668 [G] |
Statesman's Yearbook |
Mauritius, in : 1895 pp.182-185, 1898 pp.185-188, 1901 pp.201-205, 1905 pp.218-222, 1910 pp.179-182, 1919 pp.190-192, 1924 pp.198-201, 1925 pp.202-205, 1926 pp.206-209, 1928 pp.204-207, 1929 pp.205-208, 1932 pp.208-211, 1937 pp.227-230, 1943 pp.219-222,
1970-1971 pp.506-509, 1975-1976 pp.431-434, 1978-1979 pp.837-841, 1980-1981 pp.846-850,
1983-1984 pp.842-846, 1984-1985 pp.842-845, 1985-1986 pp.844-847, 1987-1988 pp.847-850, 1988-1989 pp.849-852, 1989-1990 pp.858-861,
1990-1991 pp.859-862, 1991-1992 pp.860-863, 1992-1993 pp.945-948, 1993-1994 pp.944-947, 1994-1995 pp.941-945, 1995-1996 pp.938-941,
1996-1997 pp.887-890, 1997-1998 pp.896-899, 1998-1999 pp.961-965, 2000 pp.1096-1100, 2001 pp.1070-1074, 2002 pp.1115-1119,
2003 pp.1115-1119, 2004 pp.1120-1124, 2005 pp.1127-1132 [G] |
Americana Annual |
Mauritius, 1927 p.532, 1928 p.486, 1930 p.489, 1931 p.469, 1932 p.441, 1933 p.469, 1934 p.358, 1935 p.440,
1936 p.434, 1937 p.432, 1938 p.418, 1939 pp.477-478, 1940 p.488, 1943 p.459, 1944 pp.432-433, 1945 pp.455-456, 1946 pp.477-478, 1947 pp.434-435, 1957 p.482, 1961 p.455, 1962 p.463, 1963 p.416, 1964 pp.415-416, 1967 p.434, 1968 p.431, 1969 p.440, 1970 p.436,
1971 p.440, 1972 p.439, 1973 p.440 [G] |
Other |
Africa, in : The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events 1863 pp.1-2 [G] South and East African Year Book and Guide, 49th edition, 1949, pp. 1039-1050 [G] Mauritius, in : International Year Book 1898 p.505 [G] Mauritius pp.127-136, in : Year Book and Guide to East Africa 1963 [G] |