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The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (12th century - 1795) is claimed as predecessor by both
Lithuania and Belarus. In the course
of the Polish Partitions 1772-1795 annexed by the Russian Empire, the bulk of
the territory of present-day Lithuania was part of Kovno Gubernia and
Vilna Gubernia. During World War I, German troops occupied Lithuania; the Germans planned
to establish Lithuania as a satellite state. In the aftermath of World War I, Lithuania managed to establish independence,
but Vilnius and environs were contested by Lithuanians, Belorussians and Poles, and the area in a coup was annexed by
Poland. In 1923 Lithuania annexed the Memelland (hitherto part of
East Prussia).
In September 1939, Lithuanian forces occupied the Vilnius area, and Lithuania annexed it. From 1940 to 1991 (with the brief exception of German occupation 1941-1944) Lithuania was part of the USSR. In 1991 Lithuania stated that the accession of 1940 had been illegal and thus invalid. With the USSR disintegrating on Dec. 30th 1992, Lithuanian independence was no longer contested. Lithuania since 1945 Lithuania 1945-1991 Lithuania 1938-1945 . Klaipeda / Memelland 1926-1938 . Klaipeda / Memelland 1922-1926 . Klaipeda / Memelland 1918-1922 . Klaipeda / Memelland 1914-1918 . Gubernia Kovno . Gubernia Vilna 1863-1914 . Gubernia Kovno . Gubernia Vilna 1795-1863 . Gubernia Kovno . Gubernia Vilna For the earlier history of modern Lithuania, see under Grand Duchy of Lithuania Historical Atlas, Lithuania Page |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles |
from BBC Country Profiles;
from World Desk Reference ;
from Nations Encyclopedia;
from Wikipedia;
from CIA World Factbook, countries - Lithuania Library of Congress, Country Studies : Lithuania E.J. Harrison, Lithuania, past and present, 1922, IA J. Silupas, Lithuania in retrospect and prospect, 1915, IA Lithuanian national council of America, Lithuania; facts supporting her claim for reestablishment as an independent nation, 1918, IA W. Gaigalat, Litauen : das besetzte Gebiet, sein Volk und dessen geistige Strömungen, 1917, in German, IA |
| Links, General |
from Library of Congress, Portals to the World;
from BUBL;
from SSEES |
| Links, on History |
from Virtual Library History Lithuanian Links, from Baltic Studies Internet Resources at Univ. of Washington Lithuanian History Sources, from Global Lithuanian Net Lietuvos Istorijos Metrastis (Articles on Lithuanian History in Lithuanian; English summaries; online since 1998) |
| Historical Dictionaries |
Enzyklopädie des Europäischen Ostens,
in German |
| Timelines |
Timeline, to 1929,
since 1930, from timelines.ws;
from BBC News Category : Years in Lithuania, from Wikipedia |
| Accounts of History | General Accounts |
History of Lithuania, from Ramunas Personal Pages History of Lithuania, from Scantours Article History of Lithuania, from Wikipedia A. Jusaitis, The history of the Lithuanian nation and its present national aspirations, 1918, IA |
| Specific Periods |
W. Kutosawsky, Lithuania and White Ruthenia, 1919, IA J. Zilius, T. Norus, Lithuania's case for independence, 1918, IA P. Saurusaitis, Thirty days in Lithuania in 1919, 1920 Lithuanian national council of America, Lithuania against Poland; an appeal for justice, 1919, IA P. Molis, The American press on Lithuania's freedom, 1920, IA St. Kutrzeba, The rights of Russia to Lithuania and White-Ruthenia, 1919, IA League of nations. Delegation from Lithuania, Les droits de la Lithuanie sur Vilna et son territoire. Memoire presente par la Delegation lithuanienne a la Societe des nations, n.d., IA Georg von Rauch, The Baltic States : The Years of Independence. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, 1917-1940, (1970) trsl. from the German by Gerald Onn, 1974, GB |
| Historiography |
Lithuania's Soviet Historiography, English language Table of Contents |
| Politics | General |
Political Resources on the Net : Lithuania For the Record 2000 : Lithuania, from UN Human Rights System Concentration Camps Today : (Soviet) Lithuania, from ATTAC |
| Military |
Wars of Lithuania, 1800-1999, from ACED |
| Economy & Finances |
A Global History of Currencies :
Lithuania Article Economy of Lithuania, from Wikipedia History of the Nordic Exchange History of the Association of the Lithuanian Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Crafts Our History, from Gubernija (brewery, since 1685); Sviekata (History of Beer in Lithuania), by Stephany Gutauskas Worker Strikes, Political Punishments, and the Development of Soviet Lithuania's Industry 1965-1985, by Saulius Grybauskas Lithuania, from European Textile Network (historical sites) |
| Social History |
| Ethnography |
Languages of Lithuania (4), from Ethnologue Assessment for Poles in Lithuania, from Minorities at Risk History of Russians in Lithuania, from Wikipedia Assessment for Russians in Lithuania, from Minorities at Risk World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Lithuania |
| Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses - Lithuania, from Kirken i Norge Virtual Jewish History Tour : Lithuania, from Jewish Virtual Library; Lithuania, from International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project Category Religion in Lithuania, from Wikipedia Catholic Church in Republic of Lithuania, from GCatholic Ordo Fratrum Minorum, scroll down for Lituania A. Herrmann, Die nationalen Spannungen in der lutherischen Kirche Litauens der Zwanziger Jahre, Annaberger Annalen 1997 |
| History of Regions |
Memelland, Vilna Gubernia,
Kovno Gubernia, at this site Counties, Municipalities of Lithuania, from www.statoids.com |
| Local History |
History of Vilnius, from Wikipedia History of Klaipeda, from Wikipedia History of Kaunas, from Wikipedia |
| Institutions | Transportation |
Lithuania, from Airline History Article Rail Transport in Lithuania : History, from Wikipedia |
| Broadcasting |
Radio in Lithuania - Bits of History, by Sigitas Zilionis |
| Academic Institutions |
Article Vilnius University : History, from Wikipedia |
| Edifices |
Structurae : Lithuania;
Search Lighthouse Explorer for Lithuania |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
List of Lithuanians, from Wikipedia |
| Others |
Lithuania : Banned Literature and Illegal Newspapers, from
Beacon for Freedom of Expression Alcohol and Drugs History Society : Lithuania Articles Lithuania at the Olympics, Sport in Lithuania, from Wikipedia Freemasonry in Lithuania, from JMS Palearctic Ecoregion, from WWF |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon);
from Rulers (B. Schemmel);
from Regnal Chronologies; scroll down for Lithuania,
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated) Titles of European Rulers : Lithuania |
| Lists of Ambassadors |
List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Lithuania, from
Wikipedia;
Liste der deutschen Botschafter in Wilna (Litauen), from
Wikipedia German edition;
List of Soviet Ambassadors to Lithuania, from Wikipedia Russian edition Article : U.S. Ambassador to Lithuania, from Wikipedia; Heads of Canadian Legation / Embassy in Vilnius (since 1991), from MOFA Canada Chinese Ambassadors to Lithuania, from PRC MOFA |
| Lists of Bishops |
List of Bishops of Vilnius,
Bishops of Samogitia, from Wikipedia |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Lithuania, from Population Statistics
by Jan Lahmeyert Historical Abortion Statistics - Lithuania, from Johnston's Archive |
| Election Results |
from Psephos (since 1997),
from IFES Election Guide (since 1998),
from Electoral Geography 2.0 (since 1992) from Elections and Electoral Systems (links) |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers] Life Magazine, 1936-1972, Search for "Lithuania", search all issues; 199 Lithuania articles, GB |
| Modern Newspapers | links from Online Newspapers, from World Newspapers |
| Newsreels |
British Pathe Wochenschau-Archiv (in German) Archief Beeld en Geluid : Polygoon (in Dutch) |
| Films on History/Society |
Lithuania Film Archives linked by National Film Preservation Board (U.S.) Filmarchives Online (Europe-wide); Lithuanian Film Center Article : Cinema of Lithuania, from Wikipedia Lithuania, from Cinema of the World List of Lithuanian Films, from Wikipedia; Lithuania Film, from IMDb |
| Image Databanks |
Europeana Wikimedia Commons License Plates, from Francoplaque, from License Plates of the World Passport, from World Passports; scroll down Airline Timetable Images : Lithuania |
| Archival Deposits | Online |
Search CIA Released Documents for Lithuania |
| Archival Deposits | Catalogue Online |
Lithuania Documents, at Central Archive for
the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem P.K. Grimsted, Archives and manuscript repositories in the USSR, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Belorussia, 1981, IA Guide to the Hoover Institution Archives 1980, GB ; search for Lithuania Epaveldas, Lithuanian Cultural Heritage; here description from European History Primary Sources |
| Constitutions, Laws |
List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by Lithuania, from
ILO,
34 docs. since 1921 Internet Law Library : Lithuania Verfassungen der Republik Litauen (Constitutions of the Republic of Lithuania), from verfassungen.de, in German |
| Treaties |
Australian Treaty Series :
Bilateral Treaties - Lithuania Lithuania, pp.655-691 in vol.9 of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America 1776-1949, 1972, GB |
| Document Collections |
Lithuanian Information Bureau, The Lithuanian-Polish dispute;
correspondence between the Council of the League of Nations and the Lithuanian government since the second assembly of the
League of Nations, 15th December, 1921-17th July, 1922, 1922, IA Codex diplomaticus Lithuaniae, 1845, IA Making the History of 1989 : Lithuania |
| Historical Maps |
click here Atlas of Lithuania, from Wikimedia Commons |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
from Catholic Encyclopedia, 1908 edition;
Article Lithuanians and Letts, from EB 1911 Entries Lithuania, Embassy of, Litbel, from Footnotes to History, by James L. Erwin |
| Tour Guides |
K. Baedeker, La Russie: manuel du voyageur,
1897,
1902, in French, posted on Internet Archive K. Baedeker, Russland : Handbuch für Reisende, 1888, in German, posted on Internet Archive K. Baedeker, St. Petersburg und Umgebung: Handbuch für Reisende 1901, in German, posted on Internet Archive |
| Institutions | Archives |
Repositories of Primary Sources : Europe : Lithuania, from
Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages, 5 entries Historical Research in Europe, listing of archives; click Atlas Search, Lithuania, 22 entries The Lithuanian Archival System : a Brief Guide, by T. Balkelis Foreign Ministry Archives Services of the European Union Member States : Lithuania, from Consilium Europa |
| Musea |
Category : Museums in Lithuania, from Wikipedia The Amber Museum of Palanga, by Antanas Tranyzas |
| Monuments |
Category : Monuments
and Memorials in Lithuania, from Wikipedia Tentative List : Lithuania, World Heritage List, scroll down for Latvia; from UNESCO World Heritage Windmills in Lithuania, from Windmill World |
| Libraries |
Libraries in Lithuania, from LibDex, 29 entries History of the Lithuanian National Library, from The European Library Martinas Mazvidas National Library of Lithuania |
| National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW; Coat of Arms, from
International Civic Heraldry;
National Anthem, from National Anthems Net |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Banknotes of Lithuania, from World Currency Museum, from
Ron Wise's World Paper Money Lithuania Coins, from Don's World Coin Gallery Lithuania, from World Coin Catalogue |
| Stamps |
Rare Lithuania,
Lithuania, Russ. Occ. Stamps, from
Sandafayre Stamp Gallery; Lithuania Stamps, from Stamps Catalogue 1840-1920
by Evert Klaseboer |
| Others |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies) (site in German, most titles listed in English;
numerous entries; publications mostly since 1970) RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library |
| on Lithuania |
|
on Specific Issues Concerning Lithuania |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
| Online Libraries | on Eastern Europe |
Central and Eastern European Online Library Virtual Library Eastern Europe, maintained in Germany, most sources in German |
| on Lithuania |
Epaveldas, Lithuanian Cultural Heritage;
here description from European History Primary
Sources |
| Online Journals | full text online |
Lituanus 1954-2004; English-language Annaberger Annalen über Litauen und deutsch-litauische Beziehungen 1993-2009 |
| Historiography |
Article : Lithuanian Historiography, by J. Danauskas, J. Rackauskas, pp.563-566, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
| On Central, Eastern Europe |
Adrian Webb, The Longman Companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919, London etc.: Longman 2002 [G] |
| General Accounts |
David G. Kirby, The Baltic World 1772-1993, London : Longman 1995 Manfred Hellmann, Grundzüge der Geschichte Litauens (Main Features of Lithuania's History), Darmstadt : Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1976 (in German) [G] Kevin O'Connor, The History of the Baltic States, Westport CT : Greenwood 2003, KMLA Lib.Sign. 947.9 O18h |
| Specific Topics |
Lithuania, pp.100-103, in : Derek H. Aldcroft, Europe's Third World. The European Periphery in the Interwar Years. Leicester : UP 2006,
KMLA Lib. Call Sign 940.09724 A357e |
| Historical Dictionaries |
Saulius Suziedelis (ed.), Historical Dictionary of Lithuania, Rowman & Littlefield 1997 |
