Estonia | Livonia |
In 1645, Denmark ceded
Ösel to Sweden.
Under Swedish rule, the island retained its separate, autonomous administration. In 1710 the diet of (hitherto
Swedish) Livonia paid homage to the Czar of all the Russias, Peter the Great. In 1712
Livland Gubernia was established, a province which included Ösel; the island thus lost its
autonomous status. In 1721 Sweden formally ceded Ösel to the
Russian Empire. In historical records the island appears as Osilia (Latin), Ösel (Swedish, German), Øsel (Danish), Oesel (German). Today it belongs to Estonia and is referred to as Saaremaa. |
E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
Biography | Others |
D o c u m e n t s |
Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles |
Articles : Saaremaa : History, from Wikipedia Articles : Saaremaa : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition Article : Ösel : Historia, from Wikipedia Swedish edition |
Links, on History |
Organizations |
Öpetatud Eesti Selts (Learned Estonian Society) Estonian Museum Association Eesti Genealoogia Selts (Estonian Genealogical Society); Association of the Four Baltic Noble Corporations, Livonia, Estonia, Courland, and Oesel (Baltische Ritterschaften); click Estonia, Livonia, Oesel (Estländische Ritterschaft; Livländische Ritterschaft; Oeselsche Ritterschaft) Institut für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen in Nordosteuropa at Universität Hamburg Baltische Historische Kommission, page in German |
Historical Dictionary |
Enzyklopädie des Europäischen Ostens, in German |
Timelines |
Accounts of History | general |
Articles : Saaremaa : History, from Wikipedia Articles : Saaremaa : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition Article : Ösel : Historia, from Wikipedia Swedish edition Peter Wilhelm Baron von Buxhövenden, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Provinz Oesell, 1838, posted by Google Books |
Specific Periods |
E. Seraphim, Geschichte Liv-, Est- und Kurlands von der "Aufsegelung" des Landes bis zur Einverleibung in das russische Reich,
vol.1, 1895, in German, posted on Internet Archive Erik Esvelt, The Swedish Empire in the Baltic Nations 1998 |
Historiography |
Military |
Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliothek Det Stora Nordiska Kriget, from Svenska Krig, in Swedish |
Economy & Finances |
Ethnography |
Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses, Estonia, from Kirken i Norge Jewish Virtual History Tour : Estonia, from Jewish Virtual Library; Estonia, from International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project Category : Religion in Estonia, Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy in Estonia, from Estonica Patron Saint Index : Estonia, Andres Andresen, The Reconfiguration of Lutheran Church Organization in the Baltic Region from the 1520s to 1917 Anton Fahne, Livland: Ein Beitrag zur Kirchen- und Sittengeschichte , 1875, in German, posted on Internet Archive |
Local History |
Article : Kuressaare : History, from Wikipedia Article : Kuressaare : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition Article : Kuressaare : Historie, from Wikipedia Danish edition |
Institutions |
Culture |
Biographies |
Baltische Biographische Lexika (Baltic Biographical Lexica), in German J.F. von Recke, Allgemeines Schriftsteller- und Gelehrten-Lexikon der Provinzen Livland, Esthland und Kurland, vol.II : G-K, 1829, vol.III : L-R, 1831, Supplements vol.I : A-K, 1859, in German, posted on Internet Archive Svenskt Biografisk Handlexikon, 1906, in Swedish, posted by Project Runeberg Biografica : flottan - en matrikel över flottans officerare 1687-1721, by Bengt Nilsson, in Swedish |
Others |
Palearctic Ecoregion, from WWF F.G. von Bunge, Einleitung in die Liv-, Esth- und curländische Rechtsgeschichte und Geschichte der Rechtsquellen, 1849, in German, posted on Internet Archive F.G. von Bunge, Geschichte des Gerichtswesens und Gerichtsverfahrens in Liv-, est- und Curland, 1874, posted on Internet Archive |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
World Statesmen : Ösel Island |
Population Figures |
Image Databanks |
Europeana Wikimedia Commons |
Archival Deposits | Online |
Digital Archive, from Estonial National Archive 2402 Livonica II, from Nationell Arkiv, Sweden |
Archival Deposits | Catalogue Online |
Katalog des schwedischen Generalgouverneur-archivs zu Riga
, 1908, posted on Internet Archive P.K. Grimsted, Archives and manuscript repositories in the USSR, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Belorussia, 1981, posted on Internet Archive Dokumentesammlung des Herder-Instituts, mainly Baltic documents |
Document Collections |
Rikskansleren Axel Oxenstiernas skrifter och brefvexling
vol.13 : 1635 1919, in Swedish, posted on Google Books |
Individual Documents |
Historical Maps |
click here Old City Maps, from NLE Cartography Collection Old geographical maps from the NLE Cartography Collection K.R. Kupffer, Baltische Landeskunde : Atlas (1911) in German, posted on Internet Archive List of Maps of the (former Swedish) Baltic Provinces, kept in RA Stockholm, Krigsarkivet, some of them clickable; comment in Swedish Maps, on Uldis Balodis, Livonian History |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Article : Ösel, from Nordisk Familjebok 1st edition 1894,
2nd edition 1922, in Swedish Entry : Oesel pp.292-293, in : T.G. Smoillett, The Present State of the World, vol.1 1768, posted on Google Books; Oesel listed under "Sweden" |
Institutions | Archives |
Musea |
Category : Museums in Estonia, from Wikipedia |
Monuments |
Libraries |
National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Coat of Arms, Saarema County, from Fahnenversand |
Coins |
PRINTED REFERENCE |
Bibliographies | general |
on Estonia |
Estonian National Bibliography, from Slavic and
East European Library Eesti Rahvus Bibliograafia (Estonian National Bibliography) Baltische Historische Kommission, Publikationen (in German) |
on Ösel |
on Specific Issues Concerning Ösel |
Baltic Amber Bibliography Estonia Publikationen, from IKGN |
Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online |
on Eastern Central Europe |
National Library of Estonia : E-Library Central and Eastern European Online Library Virtual Library Eastern Europe, maintained in Germany, most sources in German |
Online Journals | full text online |
Livländische Geschichtsliteratur
vol.2 1884,
vol.4 1904, posted on Internet Archive Baltische Monatsschrift 1859, posted on Internet Archive Estonian Journal of Archaeology, years 2000-2006 / vols. 4-10 online Acta Historica Tallinensia, years 2000-2006 / vols.4-10 online |
General Accounts | on Eastern Europe |
Kevin O'Connor, The History of the Baltic States, Westport CT : Greenwood 2003, KMLA Lib.Sign. 947.9 O18h Reinhard Wittram, Baltische Geschichte. Die Ostseelande Livland, Estland und Kurland 1180-1918 (Baltic History. The Baltic Lands of Livonia, Estonia and Courland, 1180-1918), Darmstadt : Wissenschaftliche Buchgemeinschaft (1954) 1973, in German |
on Estonia |
Toivo U. Raun, Estonia and the Estonians, Stanford : Hoover Institution Press 2001 [G] |
Specific Topics |
Historical Dictionary |
Tojvo Miljan, Historical Dictionary of Estonia, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow 2004 |