Finland | Livonia |
Terra Mariana disintegrated in the late 1550s. In 1561 the city of Reval (Tallinn)
paid homage to King Erik of Sweden. In the
Livonian War (1558-1583) Sweden established control over Estonia
(which was slightly enlarged, by the annexation of the larger part of Wiek etc.). In 1621 Sweden extended its possessions in the eastern Baltic by the conquest of the larger part of the Duchy of Livonia (Swedish Livonia) from Poland-Lithuania, in 1645 by gaining Ösel from Denmark. Following the Swedish defeat in the Battle of Poltava 1709 (Great Northern War) in 1710 the Diet of Estonia switched allegiance from Sweden to the Russian Empire, in which Estonia Gubernia (1710-1918) maintained political autonomy. Estonia 1660-1721 . Estonia 1561-1660 Livonia 1525-1561 Livonia 1346-1525 Estonia 1218-1346 . . . Livonia 1199-1346 . . . Denmark The Eastern Baltic before the Crusades (-1199) Historical Atlas : Estonia Page |
E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
Biography | Others |
D o c u m e n t s |
Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles |
Article : Swedish Estonia, from Wikipedia Article : Svenska Estland, from Wikipedia Swedish edition |
Links, General |
from Library of Congress, Portals to the World;
from BUBL; from SSEES;
from Internet Archive |
Links, on History |
from Virtual Library History |
Organizations |
Öpetatud Eesti Selts (Learned Estonian Society) Estonian Museum Association Eesti Genealoogia Selts (Estonian Genealogical Society); Association of the Four Baltic Noble Corporations, Livonia, Estonia, Courland, and Oesel (Baltische Ritterschaften); click Estonia, Livonia, Oesel (Estländische Ritterschaft; Livländische Ritterschaft; Oeselsche Ritterschaft) Institut für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen in Nordosteuropa at Universität Hamburg |
Historical Dictionary |
Estonica |
Timelines |
Timeline of the History of Estonia, from Wikipedia from timelines.ws |
Accounts of History |
Article History of Estonia, from Wikipedia History, from Estonica E. Seraphim, Geschichte Liv-, Est- und Kurlands von der "Aufsegelung" des Landes bis zur Einverleibung in das russische Reich, vol.1, 1895, in German, posted on Internet Archive |
Specific Periods |
H.K.H. Almquist, Sverge och Ryssland, 1595-1611 :
Tvisten om Estland, förbundet mot Polen .., 1907, in Swedish, posted on Internet Archive |
Historiography |
Military |
Wars of Estonia, from ACED Article : Military History of Estonia, from Wikipedia Category : Military of Estonia, from Wikipedia Estonian Military History, from Visit Estonia Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliothek Det Stora Nordiska Kriget, from Svenska Krig, in Swedish Article : Andra Polska Kriget, 1600-1629, from Wikipedia Swedish edition |
Economy & Finances |
A Global History of Currencies :
Estonia Article Economy of Estonia, from Wikipedia Raimo Pullat and Lauri Suurmaa, Probate Inventories as Sources for the Study of the History of Luxury in Estonian Towns in the Early Modern Period (18th Century), IEHC 2006 Estonia, from European Textile Network (historical sites) Baltic Sea Trade, from Baltic Connections |
Ethnography |
Languages of Estonia, from Ethnologue Ethnic Minorities in Estonia, from Estonia Page (1998) Integration through Education ? The Russian-Speaking Minority and Estonian Society, by Karen Brown Estonia, from European Centre for Minority Issues World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Estonia |
Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses - Estonia, from Kirken i Norge Jewish Virtual History Tour : Estonia, from Jewish Virtual Library; Estonia, from International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project Category Religion in Estonia, from Wikipedia Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy in Estonia, from Estonica Patron Saint Index : Estonia Andres Andresen, The Reconfiguration of Lutheran Church Organization in the Baltic Region from the 1520s to 1917 |
History of Regions |
Hiiumaa : History (Dagö, Dagø),
Harjumaa (Harrien),
Virjumaa (Vironia, Wierland),
Järvamaa (Jervia),
Revelia,
Läänemaa (Wiek), from Wikipedia Counties of Estonia, Municipalities of Estonia, from www.statoids.com |
Local History |
History of Tallinn (Reval), from Wikipedia Article Narva, from Wikipedia F.G. von Bunge, Die Revaler Rathslinie nebst Geschichte der Rathsverfassung und einem Anhange über Riga und Dorpat 1874, in German, posted on Internet Archive |
Institutions |
Structurae : Estonia;
Search Lighthouse Explorer for Estonia |
Culture |
A Short History of Estonian Literature, from Estonian Literature Information Centre A Brief History of the Estonian Book, by Lott / Moeldre Article : Music of Estonia : History, from Wikipedia Film, from Estonica Architecture, from Estonica |
Biographies |
Baltische Biographische Lexika (Baltic Biographical Lexica), in German List of Estonians, from Wikipedia J.F. von Recke, Allgemeines Schriftsteller- und Gelehrten-Lexikon der Provinzen Livland, Esthland und Kurland, vol.II : G-K, 1829, vol.III : L-R, 1831, Supplements vol.I : A-K, 1859, in German, posted on Internet Archive Svenskt Biografisk Handlexikon, 1906, in Swedish, posted by Project Runeberg Biografica : flottan - en matrikel över flottans officerare 1687-1721, by Bengt Nilsson, in Swedish |
Others |
Alcohol and Drugs History Society : Estonia Category Disasters in Estonia, from Wikipedia Palearctic Ecoregion, from WWF F.G. von Bunge, Einleitung in die Liv-, Esth- und curländische Rechtsgeschichte und Geschichte der Rechtsquellen, 1849, in German, posted on Internet Archive F.G. von Bunge, Geschichte des Gerichtswesens und Gerichtsverfahrens in Liv-, est- und Curland, 1874, posted on Internet Archive |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon);
from Rulers (B. Schemmel);
from Regnal Chronologies;
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated) Guvernörer över hertigdömet Estland, from Wikipedia Swedish edition |
Image Databanks |
Europeana Wikimedia Commons P.E. Damier, Wappen-buch sämmtlicher zur ehstländischen Adelsmatrikel gehöriger Familien, 1837, posted on Internet Archive |
Archival Deposits | Online |
Digital Archive, from Estonial National Archive |
Archival Deposits | Catalogue Online |
Estonia Documents, at Central Archive for the History of the Jewish People,
Jerusalem 2402 Livonica II, from Nationell Arkiv, Sweden |
Constitutions, Laws |
Verfassungen der Republik Estland (Constitutions of the Republic of Estonia), from
verfassungen.de, in German |
Document Collections |
Baltic Connections : Exhibition |
Individual Documents |
Historical Maps |
click here Baltic Provinces Ethnic, 1987, from Köztes Europa Old City Maps, from NLE Cartography Collection Old geographical maps from the NLE Cartography Collection K.R. Kupffer, Baltische Landeskunde : Atlas (1911) in German, posted on Internet Archive |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Articles Estonia,
Reval (Tallinn, Revel), from EB 1911 Article Esthonia, from Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 edition Articles Esthland, Dagö, Narwa, Reval, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German J. Chr. Nelkenbrecher, Allgemeines Taschenbuch der Münz-, Maass- und Gewichtskunde für Banquiers und Kaufleute (General Manual on Coinage, Measurement and Weights, for Bankers and Merchants) Berlin 1832, in German, entries Narwa, Pernau, Reval, posted by DTBSWS J. Chr. Nelckenbrecher, Taschenbuch eines Banquiers und Kaufmanns enthaltend eine Erklärung aller ein- und ausländischen Münzen ..., Berlin : Wever 1769, in German, entries Reval, posted by DTBSWS Entry : Livonia pp.271-277, Estland pp.277-279. Letten/Litland pp.279-280,, in : T.G. Smoillett, The Present State of the World, vol.1 1768, posted on Google Books; Livonia listed under chapter "Sweden" |
Institutions | Archives |
Repositories of Primary Sources : Europe : Latvia, from
Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages, 6 entries Historical Research in Europe, listing of archives; click Atlas Search, Estonia, 23 entries Foreign Ministry Archives Services of the European Union Member States : Estonia, from Consilium Europa Estonian Historical Archives, English language page National Archives of Estonia, page in Estonian |
Musea |
Category : Museums in Estonia, from Wikipedia |
Monuments |
Category : Monuments and Memorials in Estonia,
from Wikipedia Tentative List : Estonia, World Heritage List, scroll down for Estonia; from UNESCO World Heritage Windmills in Estonia, from Windmill World |
Libraries |
Libraries in Estonia, from LibDex, 19 entries National Library of Estonia History of the Estonian National Library, from The European Library |
National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW; Coat of Arms, from
International Civic Heraldry;
National Anthem, from National Anthems Net Coat of Arms of Estland (Reval) Gubernia, from Wikimedia Commons |
Others |
PRINTED REFERENCE |
on Estonia |
Estonian National Bibliography, from Slavic and East European Library Eesti Rahvus Bibliograafia (Estonian National Bibliography) |
on Specific Issues Concerning Estonia |
Baltic Amber Bibliography Estonia Estonia Bibliography, from European Centre of Minority Issues Publikationen, from IKGN Northern Crusades Bibliography, from Crusades Encyclopedia |
Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online |
on Estonia |
National Library of Estonia : E-Library Central and Eastern European Online Library Virtual Library Eastern Europe, maintained in Germany, most sources in German |
Online Journals | full text online |
Digiteeritud eesti ajalehed (Digitised Estonian Periodicals, 1821-1944) Estonian Journal of Archaeology, years 2000-2006 / vols. 4-10 online Acta Historica Tallinensia, years 2000-2006 / vols.4-10 online |
General Accounts | on Eastern Europe |
Kevin O'Connor, The History of the Baltic States, Westport CT : Greenwood 2003, KMLA Lib.Sign. 947.9 O18h Reinhard Wittram, Baltische Geschichte. Die Ostseelande Livland, Estland und Kurland 1180-1918 (Baltic History. The Baltic Lands of Livonia, Estonia and Courland, 1180-1918), Darmstadt : Wissenschaftliche Buchgemeinschaft (1954) 1973, in German |
on Estonia |
Toivo U. Raun, Estonia and the Estonians, Stanford : Hoover Institution Press 2001 [G] |
Historical Dictionary |
Tojvo Miljan, Historical Dictionary of Estonia, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow 2004 |