Austrian Netherlands | Trier |
In the 13th to 15th centuries, the Prince-Bishops of Liege were part of a power struggle of territorial lords in the Low
Countries who wanted to consolidate and extend their territories. In the 15th century the Dukes of Burgundy succeeded
in "collecting" the territories of the Netherlands under their rule. While the Prince-Bishopric was not fully absorbed into
the Burgundian polity, it became a Burgundian dependency. The Burgundian Dynasty (-1477/1492) was succeeded by
the Habsburg Dynasty, in 1556 by the Spanish Line of the Habsburg Dynasty. As Liege since 1443 was sandwiched
between Burgundian (later Habsburg) territories, the freedom of the Prince-Bishops to make independent decisions,
and the freedom of the Liege Cathedral Chapter to choose a bishop were rather limited. When Emperor Maximilian reorganized the Holy Roman Empire in 1512, the Princebishopric of Liege was allocated to the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle, and formed an enclave within the territory of the Burgundian Circle. While the Reformation made inroads into the Prince-Bishopric, the Counterreformation prevailed. With the decline of Spanish Habsburg power after the Battle of Rocroi 1643, influence over Liege was now contested by the Spanish / Austrian Habsburg on one side, the French and their Wittelsbach (Bavarian alies) on the other. From 1581 to 1688, from 1694 to 1723 and from 1744 to 1763 members of the Wittelsbach family held the Liege see (and in some cases simultaneously held several other sees). In 1672 the French army speedily and unopposed proceeded through Liege territory en route to the Dutch Republic (Dutch War of Louis XIV. 1672-1679). In the late 18th century Liege was affected by the Enlightenment and experienced its own Liege Revolution before being annexed into France in 1795. At the Vienna Congress in 1815 the territory of the former Prince-Bishopric of Liege was allocated to the Kingdom of the United Netherlands, and within the latter, partitioned among the newly-formed provinces of Namur, Liege and Limburg. Following the secession of Belgium in 1830/1839, Limburg was partitioned into the Dutch and the Belgian province by that name. |
E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Military History | Economic History | Social History |
Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture | Biography |
Others |
D o c u m e n t s |
Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | State Symbols |
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles |
Article Bishopric of Liege, from Wikipedia (E),
(F),
(NL),
(G) Article Principality of Liege, from Speedy Look La Principaute de Liege |
Links, on History |
Categorie : Principaute de Liege,
from Wikipedia French edition; Prinsbisdom Luik, from
Wikipedia Dutch edition Histoire, from Tout Liege |
Organizations | Societe Royale le vieux Liege |
Timelines |
Chronologie Liègoise, by Fabrice Muller |
Accounts of History | Encyclopedic, General Accounts |
Histoire de la Principaute de Liège, by Fabrice Muller (F) Article Bishopric of Liege, from Wikipedia (E), (F), (NL), (G) |
Specific Periods |
Article : Luikse Revolutie, from Wikipedia Dutch edition;
Revolution Liegoise, from Wikipedia French edition;
Liege Revolution, from Wikipedia English edition Daniel Josiz, Liege sous la crosse d'un Wittelsbach. Contribution a l'histoire politique et diplomatique de la principaute de Liege durant les douze premieres annees du regne de Jean-Theodore de Baviere (1744-1755), diss. Liege 2007 Bruno Demoulin, La Principaute de Liege de sa Renaissance a la Revolution, GEDHS Aperçu Historique : Le Temps des Reformes, 1505-1723, from Diocese de Liege, in French Aperçu Historique : Les Persecutions, 1789-1795, from Diocese de Liege, in French, illustrated |
Military |
Articles Slag bij Montenaken (1465),
Slag van Othee (1408),
Slag van Steps (1213), from Wikipedia Dutch edition Articles Guerre des Awans et des Waroux, Histoire de la defense de Spa a travers les conflits armes, Bataille de Steps (1213), from Wikipedia French edition |
Economy |
History of Siroperie Meurens, Liege Review of P. Harsin, Etudes sur l'histoire economique de la principaute de Liege, particulierement au XVIIe siecle, Annales d'histoire economique et sociale 1929 pp.464-465 |
Ethnology |
Joep Leerssen,
Medieval heteronomy, modern nationalism : Language assertion between Liege and Maastricht, 14th to 20th century,
BTNG-RBHC 2004 |
Religion |
Diocese of Liege, from Catholic Hierarchy Review of : Christine Renardy, Le monde des maitres universitaires du diocese de Liege, 1140-1350. Recherches sur sa composition et ses activites, Annales. Economies, Societes, Civilizations 1982 pp.515-516 Olivier Donneau, L'anabaptisme au Pays de Liege (1533-1593), Annuaire d'Histoire Liegeoise 32 2003 pp.5-38 Annick Delfosse, La Compagnie de Jesus a Liege. Aperçu historique, Revue Liegeoise de la Societe de Musicologie Florence Close, Un foyer precoce de visions trinitaires ? L'abbaye benedictine de Saint-Laurent de Liege, Revue Benedictine 119 2009 pp.189-220 Benoit van den Bosche, La cathedrale gothique Saint-Lambert a Liege. Une eglise et son contexte, 2005 Andre Reblon, Histoire religieuse du diocese de Liege GEDHS |
Local History |
H. Pirenne, Belgian Democracy : it's early history, 1915, IA History of the City of Liege, from Trabel; from Wikipedia History of Huy, from Wikipedia Article Spa, from Wikipedia Article Herstal, from Wikipedia La Principaute de Liege. Liege et ses Bonnes Villes, by Fabrice Muller La Petite Histoire des Defawe Denis Morsa, Les petites villes dans la principaute de Liege a la fin du XVIIIe siecle. Premieres approches, Histoire et Mesure 1987 pp.73-92 Le Site de Fabrice Muller, on the history of the city of Liege Tourism Office of Huy |
History of Institutions |
Culture |
Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege (1835), from
Scholarly Societies Daniel Droixhe, Une histoire des Lumieres au pays de Liege. Livre, idees, societe , Editions de l'Universite de Liege 2007 Daniel Droixhe, Le cri du public. Culture populaire, presse et chanson dialectale au pays de Liege (XVIII et XIXe siecles), 2003 Daniel Droixhe, A la recherche du Candide liegeois, Australian Journal of French Studies 37 2000 pp.127-164 Daniel Droixhe, Raynal a Liege: censure, vulgarisation, r?volutions, Studies on Voltaire 286 1991 pp.205-233 Emilie Corswarem, De la ville a l'eglise : musique et musiciens a Liege sous Ernest et Ferdinand de Baviere (1581-1650), diss. Liege 2008 Daniel Droixhe, Le Marche de la Lecture dans la Gazette de Liege a l'Epoque de Voltaire, GEDHS |
Biographies | Standard Works of Reference |
A.G. de Becdelievre-Hamal, Biographie liegeoise : ou, Pr?cis historique et chronologique de toutes les personnes qui se sont rendues celebres
par leurs talens, leurs vertus ou leurs actions, dans l'ancien diocese de Liege, les duches de Limbourg et de Bouillon, le pays de
Stavelot et le ville de Maestricht, depuis les temps les plus recules jusqu'a nos jours
vol.1, 1836,
vol.2, 1837, in French, GB |
Biographies of Individuals |
Biography of F.Ch. de Velbrueck, from Cathedrale de Liege, in French |
Others |
Pierre Paquet, L'escalier dans la principaute de Liege au XVIIIe siecle
, Maisons d'Hier et dĄŻAujourdĄŻhui 80 1988 pp.82-93 Johan Voets, The key to the scabinal archives of Liege (1409-1797), an opportunity for new perspectives in the history of Liege 2009 |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
List of bishops and Prince-Bishops of Liege,
from Wikipedia List of Princebishops, from Regnal Chronologies and from World Statesmen by Ben Cahoon; click for Liege; also from Cathedrale de Liege Liste des Évêques de Lieè:ge, by Fabrice Muller |
Population Figures |
Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Kranten (Newspapers), from Belgica Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers], scroll down for Belgium Liege : Citations (Extracts from newspapers or old books) |
Yearbooks Liege Entries |
J.Ch. Poncelin de la Roche Tilhac, Etat des Cours de l'Europe et des Provinces de France pour l'annee ...
vol.1 MDCCCLXXXIV 1783 pp.360-364,
vol.2 MDCCCLXXXV, 1785, pp.348-349, in French, GB Jährliches genealogisches Hand-Buch : Bischof von L&uumkl;ttich 1730 pp.192-195 1732 pp.155-157, 1737 pp.161-163, 1738 pp.164-167, 1741 pp.178-180, 1742 pp.175-177, 1745 pp.199-202 1746 pp.209-212, 1747 pp.214-217, 1749 pp.234-237, in German, GB Europäisches genealogisches Handbuch : Bischof zu Lüttich, 1756 pp.193-195, 1766 pp.222-224, 1768 pp.226-228, 1770 pp.235-237, 1772 pp.232-234, 1774 pp.233-235, 1776 pp.233-235, 1780 pp.242-244, 1782 pp.244-246, 1784 pp.248-250, 1786 pp.253-254, 1788 pp.245-246, 1790 pp.249-251, 1792 pp.246-247, 1794 pp.253-255, 1800 pp.281-283, in German, GB Neues genealogisches Reichs- und Staats-Handbuch : Lüttich 1770 pp.148-150, 1771 pp.153-154, 1772 pp.154-155, 1774 pp.159-160, 1783 pp.128-129, 1784 pp.135-136, in German, GB Genealogisches Reichs- und Staats-Handbuch : Lüttich 1799 p.193, 1800 p.76, 1801 pp.76-77, in German, GB |
Image Databanks |
Europeana Wikimedia Commons VIOE Beeldbank (Vlaams Instituut voor het Onroerend Erfgoed); site in Dutch; use terms Provincie Luik, Provincie Namen) |
Exhibition Catalogues |
A. Benard, Exposition de l'art ancien au Pays de Liege: Catalogue general, 1905, IA |
Laws |
Coutumes du pays de Li?e
vol.1 1870, in French, GB Liege pp.126-127 in C. Berroyer, Biblioth?ue des coutumes, 1699 (bibliography of law codes), in French, GB |
Archival Deposits | online |
Andre Deblon, Archives de l'Eveche de Liege (online inventory) Archives : Fonds Georges de Froidcourt, GEDHS, online inventory Inventaire analytique des chartes de la Collegiale de Saint-Pierre a Liege , 1906, in French, posted on Internet Archive |
Archival Deposits | catalogue online |
Universite de Liege, Bibliotheque, Catalogue des manuscrits
1875, posted on Internet Archive |
Treaties | General Treaty Collections |
Bilateral Treaty Collections |
Liege, pp.49-51 in vol.1 of
Table des trait? entre la France et les puissances ?rang?es, depuis la paix de Westphalie jusqu'?nos jours, 1802, in French, GB |
Document Collections |
Joseph Hansen, Rheinische Akten zur Geschichte des Jesuitenordens,
1542-1582, 1896, in German, posted on Internet Archive Ch.17 : De Scriptoribus Historiae Germanicae, Generalis, Archiepiscopatuum, Episcopatuum, Abbatiarum et Monasteriorum, pp.441-497 in B.G. Struve, Selecta bibliotheca historica, 1705, in Latin, GB ; a catalogue of narrative historical sources Codex diplomaticus lossensis, ou Recueil et analyse de chartes servant de preuves ?l'histoire de l'ancien comt?de Looz, 1849, GB Lüttich, pp.285-291 in W. Wattenbach, Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen im Mittelalter bis zur Mitte des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts 1858, in German, GB |
Individual Documents |
Memoire du legat Onufrius sur les affaires de Liege (1468),
1885, posted on Internet Archive Lettre d'vn marchand de Liege a vn sien correspondant de Paris : avec l'instrvction secrette du cardinal Mazarin pour Zongo Ondedei retournant a Paris 1651, in French, posted on Internet Archive E. Poncelet (ed.), Le livre des fiefs de l'eglise de Liege sous Adolphe de La Marck, 1898, posted on Internet Archive Heksenproces te Millen in 1573, posted on Dutch as Writing Language in the Maas-Rhine Area |
Historical Maps |
Map : Die Geistlichen Staaten im Zeitalter der Reformation (The Ecclesiastic States in the Era of Reformation), posted by
Prof. Schmid, Univ. Regensburg Map, Northern Part, Southern Part, by Thomas Höckmann Diocese and Princebishopric 1559, from History of the Territory of Belgium Diocese of Liege (Ortelius 1584), from Cartographica Neerlandica City Panoramas 1750, from Historic Maps, Lüttich (Liege) Liège dans la Cartographie Ancienne (I : city), (II : principality), Historical Map of the Principality, posted by Fabrice Muller Map featuring the Princebishopric of Liege in 1792, from Gardiner's Atlas of English History, 1892; another map : De Zuidelijke Nederlanden en Luik (= Liege) in de 18e eeuw, from Muzeum voor Vaderlandse Geschiedenis, a sketch rather than a map |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Article Lüttich,
Spaa,
Huy,
from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German, posted by Retro Bibliothek Article Liege, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1910 edition Article Liege (Capital), Liege (Province), Huy, Spa, Herstal, Verviers, from EB 1911 J. Chr. Nelkenbrecher, Allgemeines Taschenbuch der Münz-, Maass- und Gewichtskunde für Banquiers und Kaufleute (General Manual on Coinage, Measurement and Weights, for Bankers and Merchants) Berlin 1832, in German, entries Lüttich, posted by DTBSWS J. Chr. Nelckenbrecher, Taschenbuch eines Banquiers und Kaufmanns enthaltend eine Erklärung aller ein- und ausländischen Münzen ..., Berlin : Wever 1769, in German, entries Lüttich und Maastricht, posted by DTBSWS Article Lüttich, das Stift, from Zedlers Universallexikon (1730es), posted by Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, in German, 18th century font Liege, pp.146-147, in vol.2 of S. Ricard, Traite general du commerce, 1781, in French, GB Liege et Pays-Bas Autrichiens, p.405 in J.R. Ruelle, Operations des Changes des principales places de l'Europe, 1774, in French, GB |
Documents | Parliamentary Debates |
Web-Archiv des Deutschen Bundestags 2005-2010 Staten Generaal Digitaal (Dutch Parliament, 1900-1994) Hansard (British Parliament) Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags 1867-1895, 1895-1918, 1918-1942 Deutsche Reichstagakten, vol.1 : 1376-1387, 1867, vol.2 : 1388-1397, 1874, vol.3 : 1397-1400, 1877, vol.4 : 1400-1401, 1882, vol.5 : 1401-1405, 1885, vol.6 : 1406-1410, 1888, vol.7 : 1410-1420, 1878, vol.8 : 1421-1426, 1883, vol.9 : 1427-1431, 1887, vol.10 : 1431-1433, 1906, vol.11 : 1433-1435, 1898, vol.12 : 1435-1437, 1901, Jüngere Reihe, vol.1 1893, vol.2 1893, posted on Internet Archive |
Institutions | Archives |
Archives de l'Etat a Liege, in French State Archives Eupen, Huy, Liege, from Archives in Belgium |
Institutions | Musea |
Museums in Liege, from Trabel |
State Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag of Liege Province, from FOTW;
Coat of Arms, from International Civic Heraldry Coat of Arms of the Principality, by Fabrice Muller Coat of Arms of the individual prince-bishops, from Heraldique Europeenne, French-language site |
Coins, Banknotes |
Search Coin Archives for Liege, Lüttich |
PRINTED REFERENCE |
Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies) (site in German, most titles listed in English;
numerous entries; publications mostly since 1970) Chronicon |
on Belgium. |
Bibliography on Belgian History, from Nouvelle Histoire;
almost exclusively French language titles; not a single title in Flemish. detailed Bibliography : Holdings on Belgian Studies of British Library Belgian Bibliography, from the Royal Library at Brussels, in Dutch, in French Suggesties voor Verhandelingen (suggestions for doctoral theses), from KADOC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, in Dutch ODIS, Onderzoekssteunpunt Databank Intermediaire Structuren Vlaanderen 19e -20e eeuw (Research support databank intermediary structures Flanders, 19th-20th century); rich source of information Belgien, from Computatio |
on Liege. |
University of Liege, ORBi - Open Repository Bibliography;
Theses et E-Prints Books by Fabrice Mller, in French Belgien : Lüttich, from Publications et travaux historiques de L. Polain, professeur de litterature française et d'histoire a Liege, conservateur des archives de la province., Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Chartes 1848 pp.272-274 Daniel Droixhe, Guide bibliographique pour l'histoire de la principaute de Liege au 18e siecle : La vie intellectuelle, Annuaire d'Histoire Liegeoise 1996 pp.88-127 Daniel Droixhe, Publications |
Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online |
on Belgium |
Belgica, Digital Library of the Kingdom of Belgium E-Thesis, Licentiaatsverhandelingen on-line (doctoral theses online; Belgian, on history only, in Dutch) University of Liege, ORBi - Open Repository Bibliography; Theses et E-Prints |
Online Journals |
Bulletin de la Societe et d'histoire du diocese de Liege,
1881,
1882,
1883,
1889,
1891,
1895,
1902,
1903,
1906
1907,
1908,
in French, posted on Internet Archive Bulletin d'Institut Archeologiqie Liegois, 1865, 1872, 1874, 1880, 1894, 1906, 1907, 1908, in French, posted on Internet Archive |
General Accounts |
Jean Lejeune, La Principaute de Liege (The Principality of Liege), Liege : Le Grand Liege 1948, in French, illustrated, 218 pp. [G] |
Coin Catalogues |
Coins of Liege 1601-1700, in Krause, Mishler, Standard Catalog of World Coins : Seventeenth Century 1601-1700, 2nd ed., 2000, pp.983-987 Coins of Liege, 1701-1800, in : Krause, Mishler, Standard Catalog of World Coins : Eighteenth Century 1701-1800, 2nd ed., 1997, pp.101-104 |