History of Styria : Narrative . References : Online Secondary Sources . Online Primary Sources . Bibliographic and Print Sources |
NARRATIVE until 1918 For the history since 1992, see Austria, Slovenia |
until 1918 The March of Steyr (Steyr being a place located in Lower Austria) was created within the Duchy of Carinthia in the late 10th century. In 1180 it was separated from Carinthia and elevated into the Duchy of Styria. In the later 13th centyria acquired by Otakar Przemysl, after his defeat Styria came to be ruled by the Habsburg rulers of Austria, in Dynastic Union. It has been one of the Austrian Lands (crownlands) until 1918. From the 14th to the 17th century an attempt was made to combine Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and a few smaller entities as Inner Austria. Temporarily, Inner Austria was ruled by a sideline of the Habsburg Dynasty. Graz (Styria) became a center of the Counterrefornation before the latter got a hold in Austria proper. In 1619 the head of the Styrian line of the House of Habsburg became Emperor and head of the (Austrian line of) the Habsburg Dynasty. Ever since, Styria was under the central administration in Vienna. In the 19th century, Styria saw the emergence of German and Slovenian culture contesting the territory of Styria (until the 1790s Latin had been the language of administration, jurisdiction and instruction; it was replaced by German, which was resented by the Slavic population). Following Austria-Hungary's defeat in World War I, in 1919 (Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye) the southern stretches of Styria were ceded to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (SHS, in 1929 renamed Yugoslavia); today they form part of Slovenia. In German, Styria is called Steiermark, in reference to its origin as the Styrian March. Timeline : Styria For files on the history of Inner Austria 1411-1740, see Inner Austria For files on the history of Styria since 1918 see Austria Historical Encyclopedias on the History of Styria |
Country Profiles | Current |
Das Land Steiermark Article Styria (State), Duchy of Styria, from Wikipedia Article Steiermark, from Wikipedia German edition Article Steiermark, from GenWiki |
Historical |
J.M. Liechtenstern, Statistisch - topographischer
Landesschematismus des Herzogthums Steyermark, 1818, in German, posted on Internet Archive F. Sartori, Neueste Geographie von Steiermark, 1816, in German, posted on Internet Archive J.K. Kindermann, Historischer und geographischer Abriss des Herzogthums Steyermark, 3rd edition 1787, in German, posted on Google Books A.J. Cäsar, Beschreibung des Herzogthum Steyermarks vol.1, 1786, vol.2, 1786, in German, posted on Google Books |
Links | General |
Category : Styria, from Wikipedia Kategorie : Steiermark, from Wikipedia German edition |
on History |
Kategorie : Geschichte der Steiermark,
from Wikipedia German edition |
Organizations |
Historischer Verein für Steiermark |
Historical Dictionary | on Austria |
J.J.H. Czikann, Oesterreichische National-Encyklopädie, oder, Alphabetische Darlegung der wissenswürdigsten Eigenthümlichkeiten
des österreichischen Kaiserthumes ...
vol.1 : A-D, 1835, GB,
vol.2 : E-H, 1835, GB,
vol.3 : J-M 1835, GB,
vol.4 : N-Sedria, 1836, GB,
vol.5 : Seeauer-V, 1836, GB,
vol.6 : W-Z, Suppl., 1837, GB, in German |
on Styria |
C. Schmutz, Historisch-topographisches Lexicon von Steyermark
vol.1, 1822, IA,
vol.2 : H-M, 1822, IA,
vol.3 : N-Se, 1822, IA,
vol.4 : Si-Z, 1823, GB,
A-Z, 1823, IA, in German |
Timelines |
Accounts of History | General |
Geschichte, from Das Land Steiermark, in German Article : Duchy of Styria, from Wikipedia Article : Geschichte der Steiermark, from Wikipedia, in German A. von Muchar, Geschichte des Herzogthums Steiermark, vol.1 1844, vol.2 1845, vol.3 1846, vol.4 1848, vol.5 1850, vol.6 1859, vol.7 1864, vol.8, 1867, vol.9, Index 1874, in German, posted on Internet Archive W. Gebler, Geschichte des Herzogthums Steiermark von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf unsere Tage, 1862, in German, posted on Internet Archive A.J. Caesar, Staat- und Kirchengeschichte des Herzogthum Steyermarks, vol.2, 1786, vol.3, 1786, vol.4, 1786, vol.5, 1787, vol.6, 1788, vol.7 1788, in German, posted on Google Books J. von Baumeister, Versuch einer Staatsgeschichte von Steyermark, 1780, in German, posted on Google Books J.B. von Winklern, Chronologische Geschichte des Herzugthums Steyermark, 1820, in German, posted on Google Books F.J.B. Schneller, Geschichte von Oestreich und Steiermark, vol.1, 1828, vol.3, 1828, in German, posted on Google Books |
Specific Periods |
Articles March of Styria,
Duchy of Styria, from Wikipedia Article Mark an der Mur, from Wikipedia German edition A. Schlosser, Erzherzog Johann von Oesterreich und sein Einfluss auf das Culturleben der Steiermark, 1878, in German, posted on Internet Archive J.K. Kindermann, Beiträge zur Vaterlandskunde für Innerösterreichs Einwohner vol.1, 1790, vol.2, 1790, in German, posted on Google Books |
Historiography |
Military |
M.M. Rabenlechner, Der Bauernkrieg in Steiermark (1525) Eine historische
Studie, 1901, in German, posted on Internet Archive |
Economy |
A. von Pantz, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Innerberger
Hauptgewerkschaft, 1904, posted on Internet Archive; scroll down to page (250) F.A. von Marcher, Die Notitzen und Bemerkungen über den Betrieb der Hohöfen und Rennwerke zur Verschmelzung der Eisenerze in verschiedenen Staaten, Part 1 : Von den Hohöfen des österreichischen Kaiserthums, vol.1.4 : Vom Herzogthume Steyermark, 1810, in German, posted on Google Books A. von Pantz, Versuch einer Beschreibung der vorzüglichsten Berg- und Hüttenwerke des Herzogthums Steyermark, 1814, in German, posted on Google Books B.F.J. von Hermann, Beschreibung der Manipulation, durch welche in Steyermark, Kärnten und Krain der berühmte Brescianerstahl verfertigt wird, 1781, in German, postyed on Google Books |
Social History |
Ethnography |
A. Kupferschmid, Linguistisch-kultur-historische Skizzen und Bilder aus der
deutschen Steiermark 1888, in German, posted on Internet Archive K. Schober, Die Deutschen in Nieder- und Ober-Oesterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Kärnthen und Krain, 1881, in German, posted on Internet Archive Styria pp.237-238 in G.G. Chisholm, The world as it is; a popular account of the countries and peoples of the earth 1884, IA |
Religion | Catholicism |
Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte der Steiermark und
ihrer Nachbarländer aus römischen Archiven, 1903, in German, posted on Internet Archive Article : Diözese Graz-Seckau : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition Article : Roman Catholic Diocese of Graz-Seckau, from Wikipedia |
Protestantism |
M. Probitsch, Geschichte des Protestantismus in der Steiermark,
1865, in German, posted on Internet Archive |
Anabaptism |
Article : Styria, from GAMEO |
Judaism |
E. Baumgarten, Die Juden in Steiermark: Eine historische Skizze,
1903, in German, posted on Internet Archive A. Rosenberg, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Juden in Steiermark, 1914, in German, posted on Internet Archive |
Regions |
F. Krauss, Die nordöstliche Steiermark : Eine Wanderung
durch vergessene Lande, 1888, in German, posted on Internet Archive |
Local History |
History of Graz, from Wikipedia Article : Geschichte von Graz, Geschichte von Leoben, from Wikipedia, in German Geschichte von Graz, from Cosmopolis, from VR Graz, in German Geschichte der Stadt Bad Radkersburg, from Bad Radkersburg Online |
Structures, Institutions |
Article : Technische Universität
Graz : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition Article : Graz University of Technology : History, from Wikipedia Structurae : Styria, Slovenia Imperial and Royal Society of Agriculture and the Useful Arts in the Duchy of Steyermark (1764), Historischer Verein für Steiermark 1850, from Scholarly Societies |
Culture |
Biographies |
Austria Forum, click on "Österreichische Biographie"; in German Kategorie : Person (Steiermark), from Wikipedia German edition |
Environmental History |
Others |
Franz von Krones, Verfassung und Verwaltung der Mark und des Herzogthums Steier, vol.1 of
Forschungen zur Verfassungs- und Verwaltungsgeschichte
der Steiermark, 1897, in German, posted on Internet Archive F. Byloff, Die Land- und peinliche Gerichtsordnung Erzherzog Karls II. für Steiermark, 1907, in German, posted on Internet Archive F. Ilwof, Die Grafen von Attems : Freiherren von Heiligenkreuz in ihrem Wirken in und für Steiermark, 1897, in German, posted on Internet Archive J. Tschinkowitz, Darstellung des politischen Verhältnisses der verschiedenen Gattungen von Herrschaften zur Staatsverwaltung, zu ihren Beamten und Unterthanen in der k.k. österreichischen Monarchie, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Provinzen Steyermark, Kärnthen und Krain vol.1, 1827 vol.2.1, 1827, vol.2.2, 1827, vol.3, 1827, in German, posted on Google Books |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
Styria until 1918,
Steiermark since 1918,
from World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon |
Lists of Bishops |
Liste der Bischöfe von Graz-Seckau, from
Wikipedia German edition |
Statistical Data | Population Statistics |
Historical Population Statistics : Austria, from Population Statistics,
by Jan Lahmeyer Population : Österreich : Steiermark 1819-1866, from HGIS Statistik Austria : Bevölkerungsstand; click for Bevölkerung Österreichs nach Bundesländern seit 1869 (Austria's Population since 1869 by State); data for 1869, 1880, 1890, 1900 etc.; data for Steiermark referring to what since 1919 constitutes the Bundesland Steiermark |
Statistical Data | Economic Statistics |
Statistische Mitteilungen über Steiermark, 1907, IA,
1908, IA |
Documents | Historical Newspapers | on Austria |
ANNO, Austrian Newspapers Online |
Online Yearbooks |
Staatskalender Austria |
international Styria Entries |
Image Databanks |
Archival Deposits |
Die Handschriften-Verzeichnisse der Cistercienser-Stifte :
Reun in Steiermark, Heiligenkreuz ..., 1891,
posted on Internet Archive A. Mell, Das Archiv der steirischen Stände im steiermärkischen Landesarchive, 1905, in German, posted on Internet Archive, scroll down J. Loberth, Das Archiv des Hauses Stubenberg, 1906, in German, posted on Internet Archive, scroll down |
Laws |
Alphabetisch-chronologische Übersicht der k.k. Gesetze und Verordnungen vom Jahre 1740 bis zum Jahre 1843 ...
vol.1 : A-B, 1825,
vol.2 : C-D, 1825,
vol.3 : E-Geisv, 1825
vol.4 : Geisv-Hypoth, 1826,
vol.5 : I-Mayk 1826,
vol.6 : Mech-Ott 1826,
vol.7 : P-Sani, 1827,
vol.8 : Sard-Standg 1827,
vol.9 : Ständi-Tyr 1827,
vol.10 : U-Z, 1827,
vol.11 : 1821-1824, 1829,
vol.12 : 1825-1829, 1833,
vol.13 : 1830-1843, 1847,
in German, posted on Google Books Sr. k. k. Majestät Franz des Zweyten politische Gesetze und Verordnungen für die Oesterreichischen, Böhmischen und Galizischen Erbländer, vol.1-3 : 1792, vol.4-7 : 1794, vol.8-9 : 1796, vol.10-12 : 1797, in German, posted on Google Books Sammlung der Gesetze vol.1, 1792, vol.2, 1793, vol.10, 1797, vol.18, 1804, vol.19, 1804, vol.20, 1805, vol.26, 1812, vol.27, 1813, vol.28, 1813, vol.29, 1814, vol.30, 1814, vol.31, 1815, vol.32, 1816, vol.33, 1816, vol.34, 1817, vol.35, 1817, vol.36, 1818, vol.37, 1818, vol.38, 1819, vol.39, 1819, vol.40, 1820, vol.41, 1821, vol.42, 1821, vol.43, 1823, vol.44, 1823, vol.45, 1824, vol.46, 1825, vol.47, 1825, vol.48, 1826, vol.49, 1826, vol.50, 1827, vol.51, 1827 vol.52, 1828, vol.53, 1829, vol.54, 1830, vol.55, 1831, vol.56, 1832, vol.57, 1833, vol.58, 1834, vol.59, 1835, vol.60, 1836, vol.61, 1837, vol.62, 1838, vol.63, 1839, vol.64, 1840, vol.65, 1841, vol.66, 1842, vol.67, 1843, vol.68, 1845, vol.69, 1845, vol.70, 1846, vol.71, 1847, vol.75, 1849, vol.76, 1850, in German, posted on Google Books |
Historiography |
Document Collections |
Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Steiermark,
vol.1 : 798-1192, 1875, IA,
vol.2 : 1192-1246 1875, IA,
vol.3 : 1246-1260 1903, IA A. Mell, Regesten zur Geschichte der Familien von Teufenbach in Steiermark, I : 1074-1547, 1905, posted on Internet Archive J. Chmel, Urkunden zur Geschiche von Österreich, Steiermark, Kärnten, Krain, Görz, Triest, Istrien, Tirol vol.1 : 1246-1300, 1849, IA Primus Trubers Briefe, mit den dazu gehörigen Schriftstücken , 1897, posted on Internet Archive C. Fleury, Historia Ecclesiastica: Ab anno Christi 1751 usque ad annum 1753, vol.81, 1791; search for Styria; has several entries on Protestants/Transmigrants; in Latin, posted on Google Books Ch.18 : De Scriptoribus Rerum Austriacarum cum Adnexis Provinciis, pp.497-512 in B.G. Struve, Selecta bibliotheca historica, 1705, in Latin, GB ; a catalogue of narrative historical sources |
Individual Documents |
G. Petschacher, Benedicta Virgo Cellensis, hoc est continuatio gratiarum
a Deipara Cellensi in Styria ab anno 1666 usque ad annum Christi 1678, 1678, in Latin, posted on Google Books |
Historical Maps |
Graz and Environs 1911,
Graz 1906,
Graz 1911,
Leoben 1911, from Discus Media Graz Meyers Konversationslexikon 5th edition 1893-1897, posted by Hic Leones Styria, from Sohr-Berghaus, Handatlas, 4th edition 1847, 6th edition 1874, 7th edition 1883, 8th edition 1892, 8th edition 1908, posted by M. Witkam Graz, from Sohr-Berghaus, Handatlas, 6th edition 1874, 8th edition 1892, posted by M. Witkam |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
general |
Articles Styria,
Cilli,
Eisenerz,
Graz,
Leoben,
Marburg, Austria, from EB 1911 Articles Steiermark, Bruck, Cilli, Graz, Hartberg, Judenburg, Deutsch-Landsberg, Leibnitz, Leoben, Liezen, Marburg, Murau, Pettau, Radkersburg, from Meyers Konversationslexikon, 4th edition, 1885-1892, in German |
religious |
Article : Styria, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907-1914 Articles : Styria, Marburg, from Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 |
economic |
Stirie, pp.238-240 in vol.4 pt.1 of J.M. Demeunier,
Economie politique et diplomatique, 1788, in French, GB Das Herzogthum Steyermark, pp.146- in Ph.J. Karrer, Ausführliche historische Geographie für Kaufleute, Manufakturisten ..., 1831, in German, posted on Google Books |
political |
Stiria pp.231-235,
in : T.G. Smollett, The present state of all nations, vol.5, 1769, posted on Google Books Styria, pp.519- in : Malte Brun, Universal geography: or a description of all parts of the world, vol.7, 1829, posted on Google Books Styria and Cilley, pp.58-, in : Th. Salmon, Modern history or the present state of all nations, vol.2, 1745, posted on Google Books |
Parliamentary Debates |
HRE / Germany |
Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags 1867-1895,
1895-1918,
1918-1942 Deutsche Reichstagakten, vol.1 : 1376-1387, 1867, vol.2 : 1388-1397, 1874, vol.3 : 1397-1400, 1877, vol.4 : 1400-1401, 1882, vol.5 : 1401-1405, 1885, vol.6 : 1406-1410, 1888, vol.7 : 1410-1420, 1878, vol.8 : 1421-1426, 1883, vol.9 : 1427-1431, 1887, vol.10 : 1431-1433, 1906, vol.11 : 1433-1435, 1898, vol.12 : 1435-1437, 1901, Jüngere Reihe, vol.1 1893, vol.2 1893, posted on Internet Archive Protokolle der deutschen Bundes-Versammlung vol.1 1817, vol.2 1817, vol.3 1817, vol.4 1817, vol.5 1818, vol.6 1818, vol.7 1819, vol.8 1819, vol.9 1820, vol.10 1820, vol.11 1821, vol.12 1821, vol.13 1822, vol.14 1822, vol.15 1823, vol.16 1824, vol.17 1825, vol.18 1826, in German, posted by Google Books |
Austria |
Österreichische Parlamentsschriften 1848-1971 from
ALEX, ONB, in German |
others |
Hansard (British Parliament 1803-2005) |
Travel Guides |
K. Baedeker, Südbaiern, Tirol und Salzburg, Ober- und Nieder-Österreich, Steiermark, Krain und Küstenland,
1878,
1886,
1888,
1892,
in German, posted on Internet Archive K. Baedeker, The eastern Alps, including the Bavarian highlands, the Tyrol, Salzkammmergut, Styria, and Carinthia 1879, 1907, 1911, posted on Internet Archive John Murray, A handbook for travellers in southern Germany : being a guide to Bavaria, Austria, Tyrol, Salzburg, Styria, &c., the Austrian and Bavarian Alps 1844, posted on Internet Archive |
Travelogues |
Institutions | Archives |
Stadt- und Kommunalarchive der Steiermark : Graz, Leoben, from
Österreichisches Staatsarchiv Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv, from Österreichisches Staatsarchiv Regional Archives of Maribor Archive in Österreich : Steiermark Diözesanarchiv Graz-Seckau Österreichisches Staatsarchiv |
Musea |
Museumsland Steiermark |
Libraries |
Landesbibliothek Steiermark |
State Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Coat of Arms : Styria, from Steiermark.at;
from Hic Leones (Meyer 5th ed. 1885-1892) A.A. von Siegenfeld, Das Landeswappen von Steiermark, vol.3 of Forschungen zur Verfassungs- und Verwaltungsgeschichte der Steiermark, 1900, in German, posted on Internet Archive |
Coins |
Coin Collection, from Landesmuseum Joanneum Search Coin Archives for Styria, Steiermark Search Early Dated Coins (1166-1520s) for Styria, Steiermark |
Others |
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND PRINT SOURCES Bibliographies . Online Libraries . Thesis Servers . Online Journals . General Accounts . Specific Topics . Historical Dictionaries |
Bibliographies | general |
on Eastern Europe |
EBSEES (European Bibliography of Slavic and
East European Studies), search for Steiermark, Styria) |
on Austria |
Österreichische Bibliografie, in German Österreichische Historische Bibliographie, in German |
on Styria |
Steiermark, from Bibliografie zur
Geschichte des Weines Nationalsozialismus und Holocaust : Steiermark, from erinnern.at Steiermark, from Computatio I. Trummler, Grazer Drucke in der Universitätsbibliothek Graz, 1781-1850 , n.d. (after 1993), posted on Google Books |
Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online Digitale Texte im Seminar für Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte, Univ. Köln; many 19th century texts, mostly in German |
on Austria |
Digitaler Lesesaal, from Österreichische Nationalbibliothek |
on Slovenia |
Digital Library of Slovenia |
Thesis Server |
Open Access Theses and Dissertations Registry of Open Access Repositories : Austria, Slovenia |
Online Journals | General |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
on Austria-Hungary |
see : ANNO, Austrian Newspapers Online Österreichisches Archiv für Geschichte, Erdbeschreibung, Staatenkunde und Literatur, vol.2 1832, vol.3 1833, in German, posted on Google Books Oesterreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichts- und Staatskunde, vol.2 1836, in German, posted by Google Books Östreichische militärische Zeitschrift (Streffleurs militärische Zeitschrift, Neue militärische Zeitschrift ), 1811 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1812 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1818 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1819 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1820 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1821 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12 1822 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1823 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1824 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1825 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1826 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1827 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1828 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1829 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1830 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1831 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1832 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1833 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1834 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1835 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1836 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1837 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1838 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1839 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1840 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1841 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1842 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1843 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1844 1-3, 4-6, 7-9 10-12, 1845 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1846 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1847 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1848 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1849 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 1863 vol.1, vol.2, vol.3, vol.4, 1868 vol.1, vol.2, vol.3, vol.4, in German, posted on Google Books |
on Styria full text online |
Zeitschrift des historischen Vereines für Steiermark
1904, IA,
1905, IA,
1906, IA Mittheilungen des Historischen Vereines für Steiermark, (click here for list of articles 1850-1903), vol.1-2, 1850, IA, vol.3-4, 1852, IA, vol.5-6, 1854, IA, vol.7-8, 1857, IA, vol.13-14, 1864, IA, vol.15-16, 1867, IA, vol.18-20, 1870, IA, vol.21-23, 1873, IA, vol.24-26, 1876, IA, vol.26-29, 1878, IA, vol.30-32, 1882, IA, vol.40-41, 1892, IA, vol.42-46, 1894, IA, vol.48, 1900, IA Beiträge zur Kunde steiermärkischer Geschichtsquellen, vol.1-4, 1864, IA, vol.5-, 1868, IA, vol.9-, 1872, IA, vol.13-17, 1876, IA, vol.18-23, 1882, IA, vol.24-, 1892, IA, vol.32-33, 1903, IA, vol.34-, 1905, IA, vol.35-36, 1906, IA Steiermärkische Zeitschrift 1821, GB, 1824, GB, 1834, GB, 1836, GB, 1838, GB, 1842, GB, 1845, GB, 1848, GB |
on Styria contents online |
Zeitschriftenmagazin : Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins f? Steiermark
1903-1998, posted by S. Jenks |
General Accounts |
Specific Topics |
Historical Dictionaries |
Paula S. Fichtner (ed.), Historical Dictionary of Austria, London : Scarecrow 1999, 328 pp., KMLA Lib.Sign. R 943.6 F445h |