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Awadh Maratha Federation
First posted on December 27th 2011







Political History . While the Nawabs of Bengal nominally remained subjects of the Mughal Emperors, from 1717 Bengal was practically independent. Their territory covered the Mughal provinces of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa; the capital was Murshidabad. Many European monopolist trade companies maintained trade factories (often fortified, such as Fort Gustavius (V.O.C. (NL)) and Fort William (E.I.C. (GB)), in Bengal.
Bengal suffered Maratha incursions; in 1751 Orissa was ceded to the Marathas. In 1757 the Nawab of Bengal found himself on the loosing side in the Battle of Plassey; by 1765 the East India Company had taken de-facto control of his domain; the Nawabs were now called "Nawab of Murshidabad". Bengal was to form the core of Bengal Presidency.







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DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES
Country Profiles Current Article Nawab of Bengal, from Wikipedia
Historical W.H.A. Wood, A Short Geography of Bengal 1895, IA
J.A. Bourdillon, Bengal under the Muhammadans 1902, IA
Links Category : Nawabs of Bengal, from Wikipedia
Organizations Database of Organizations Libraries and Archives in South Asia Wiki
on Asia or India Asiatic Society Mumbai; Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
Archaeological Survey of India
Numismatic Society of India; Oriental Numismatic Society
International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA)
Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
on Bengal Asiatic Society Kolkata; Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
Historical Dictionaries Banglapedia, National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
Bangladesh Wiki
Portals
Timelines
Accounts of History Current Article Nawab of Bengal, from Wikipedia
Mawabs of Bengal, from IndiaNetZone
Christopher Buyers, Royal Ark : Murshidabad
Historical G.P. Maffei, Le istorie dell' Indie Orientali, edition of 1589, edition of 1749, in Italian, GB
F. Guerreiro, Indianische relation was sich in den Königreichen Pegu, Bengala, Bissnaga und etlich andern Ländern der gegen Auffgang gelegenen Indien von 1604 und etlich folgenden Jahren .. zugetragen, 1611, German trsl. of the Portuguese, GB
Anon., Historical and Ecclesiastical Sketches of Bengal, from the Earliest Settlement until the Virtual Conquest of that Country by the English in 1757, 1831, GB
Specific Periods K. Sharma, Since when began the independent Nawabship of Bengal ? What was the importance of the farman of 1717 ?
Bangladesh Studies O Level Pilot Textbook : The decline of the Mughals in Bengal and the growth of the Nawabs
Military Wars, Battles Maratha Raids Bengal, from India's History; Article : Marathe Expeditions in Bengal, from Wikipedia
Kronoskaf : Seven Years War : 1756 - British Expedition against Calcutta
Kronoskaf : Seven Years War : 1756 - Siraj ud Daulah expedition against Calcutta
Article : Battle of Palashi (Plassey) 1757, from Banglapedia; Battle of Plassey, from Wikipedia
Kronoskaf : Seven Years War : 1757 - British Expedition against Chandernagore
Kronoskaf : Seven Years War : 1757 - British campaign in Bengal
Kronoskaf : Seven Years War : 1757-02-04 - Combat of Calcutta
Kronoskaf : Seven Years War : 1759 - Dutch operations in Bengal
Kronoskaf : Seven Years War : 1759 - British relief of Patna
Kronoskaf : Seven Years War : 1760 - British operations in Bengal
Kronoskaf : Seven Years War : 1761 - British operations in Bengal
Article : Battle of Buxar 1764, fromn Banglapedia
Army, Regiments A. Broome, History of the Rise and Progress of the Bengal Army, 1850, GB
Kronoskaf : Seven Years War : Bengal European Regiment
Fortresses Category : Forts in Bangladesh, Forts in Bihar, Forts in Orissa, Forts in West Bengal, from Wikipedia
Article : Fort William, from Banglapedia, from Wikipedia
Economy & Finances Money & Finances J. Steuart, The principles of money applied to the present state of the coin of Bengal, 1772, GB
E. Thomas, The initial coinage of Bengal: introduced by the Muhammadans .., 1866, GB
Agriculture J.G. Medlicott, Cotton Hand-Book for Bengal, 1862, GB
Article : Jute, from Banglapedia
Article : Jute Trade, from Wikipedia
Article : Rice, from Banglapedia
Article : Opium, from Banglapedia
Bengal and Malwa Opium, p.17 from C.R. Haines, A Vindication of England's Policy with Regard to the Opium Trade, 1884
Manufacture Article : Muslin, from Wikipedia; from Banglapedia
Calico, Muslin, Gauze - a history of frabric terminology Part 1, Part 2, by the Dreamstress
Articles : Handicrafts, Cottage Industry, Industry, from Banglapedia
B. Gupta, Competition and control in the market for textiles:The weavers and the East India Company
Trade Article : Trade and Commerce, from Banglapedia
Article : Dutch Bengal, from Wikipedia; Article : The Dutch, from Banglapedia
Article : V.O.C. in Bengalen, from Wikipedia Dutch edition
B. Gupta, Competition and control in the market for textiles:The weavers and the East India Company
Article : Jute Trade, from Wikipedia
Social History General K.P. Baul, The Society of Bengal in the Mughal Period, from WikiEducator
Caste H.H. Risley, The tribes and castes of Bengal, 1891, IA
R.B. Inden, Marriage and Rank in Bengali Culture. A Study of Caste and Clan in Middle Period Bengal, 1976, GB
Article : Caste System and Untouchability, from Banglapedia
Caste System of Bengal, from A Short History of Bengal
K.K. Debnath, Evolution Of Baidya Community Of Bengal - Its Origin And Development 2010
K.K. Debnath, Development of Vedic social system of casteism in Bengal 2010
Immigration Armenians in Chinsurah etc., from Indian Settlement in Armenia and Armenian Settlements in India
H. Tudu, The Blacks of East Bengal - A Native's Perspective, 1998
Education M.A. Huque, History And Problems Of Moslem Education In Bengal, 1917, IA
Events Article : Famine from Banglapedia
Practices Article : Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829, from Wikipedia
R.L. Hardgrave Jr., The Representation of Sati : Four Eighteenth Century Etchings by Baltazard Solvyns, Bengal Past and Present, 117 (1998): pp.57-80
Article : Thuggee and Dacoity Suppression Acts, 1836-1848 , from Wikipedia
T. Lloyd, 'Thuggee' and the Margins of the State in Early Nineteenth-Century Colonial India
Ethnography E.T. Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, 1872, IA
H.H. Risley, The tribes and castes of Bengal, 1891, IA
Bengali - Religion and Expressive Culture, from Every Culture
H. Tudu, The Blacks of East Bengal - A Native's Perspective, 1998
Religion Hinduism Article : Persecution of Hindus : During Islamic Rule of the Indian Subcontinent, from Wikipedia
Article : Bengali Brahmins, from Wikipedia
Jainism Article : Jainism in Bengal, from Wikipedia; Article : Jainism, from Banglapedia
Buddhism Article : Buddhist Vihara, from Banglapedia
Buddhism in Bangladesh, from Buddhist Studies
N.K. Chakma, Buddhism in Bengal : a Brief Survey, Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology. Volume 8, Number 1. 2011
Islam Article : Islam (in Bengal), from Banglapedia
R.M. Eaton, The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760, 1993
J. Siddique, The Diffusion of Islam in Bengal and the Articulation of a New Order, JRSP 45/2 2008
Sikhism Article : Sikhism, from Banglapedia
Article : Guru Nanak's Travels in Bihar, from SikhiWiki
Christianity S. Farid, Historicalk Sketch of Christian Tradition in Bengal, Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology 8/1 2011
by Region Modern States Bangladesh Article : History of Bangladesh : The Nawabs of Bengal, from Wikipedia
Bihar Article : History of Bihar : The Medieval Period, from Wikipedia
S.R. Bakshi, R. Chaturvedi (ed.), Bihar through the Ages, vol.1 2007, GB
Orissa Article : History of Orissa : 1568 AD, from Wikipedia
West Bengal
Local History Calcutta (Kolkata) History of Kolkata, from CalcuttaWeb; from Wikipedia; East Meets West, from City of Palaces
Chandernagore (Chandannagar) Article : Chandannagar (Chandernagar), from Wikipedia; from Banglapedia; History of Chandannagar, from Chandannagar.Com
S.C. Hill, Three Frenchmen in Bengal: The Commercial Ruin of the French Settlements in 1757, 1903, IA
Chinsura (Chuchura) Article : Hugli-Chuchura (Chinsura), from Wikipedia
Dacca (Dhaka) Article : Dhaka, from Banglapedia
Murshidabad History of Murshidabad, from Story of Murshidabad, from Murshidabad News
Serampore Article : Serampore, from Wikipedia
Sonargaon Article : Sonargaon, from Banglapedia, from Wikipedia
Institutions Article : Grand Trunk Road, from Banglapedia
Culture Article : Architecture of Bengal, from Wikipedia
Biographies
Others

DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS
Historical Data Lists of Statesmen List of Rulers of Bengal, from Wikipedia
Lijst van V.O.C. Directeuren in Bengalen, from Wikipedia Dutch edition
Documents Historical Newspapers
Image Databanks
Archival Deposits Search National Archives, UK
Tropehandelskompagniernes arkiver (Rigsarkivet), from Royal Library Copenhagen, Digital Library, in Danish
Asiatisk Kompani 1730-1776, Det kgl. Ostindiske guvernement 1777-1845, Trankebar Missionen 1705-1803, from RA Copenhagen, in Danish (survey of archived documents)
Danish Records 1777-1845 (RA Copenhagen), from E-Corpus, Eurindia Virtual Library
Constitutions, Laws
Treaties
Document Collections Indian Record Series : Old Fort William in Bengal, A SElection of Documents Dealing with Its History, vol.2 1906, IA
H. Vansittart, Original papers relative to the disturbances in Bengal vol.1 1765, GB
Individual Documents
Historical Maps Map Collections (Old) Maps about Bangladesh, from Pakistan Defence
Overview, modern Map : India in 1750, from Educatinal Technology Clearinghouse, Univ. of South Florida; has Arakan as part of Bengal
Map : India in the Time of Clive 1760, from Emerson Kent
Overview, contemporary
Detail, modern
Detail, contemporary
Historical
Encyclopedia Entries 		Secular
Religious
Economic
Political
Geographical Bengale, p.220 in vol.2 of A.A. Bruzen de la Martiniere, Le grand dictionnaire géographique et critique, 1730, in French, GB
Historical Bengale, p.218 in vol.2 of L. Moreri, Le grand dictionnaire historique, 1725, in French, GB
Bengale, p.190 in vol.2 of L. Moreri, Le grand dictionnaire historique, 1731, in French, GB
Book Reviews
Tour Guides, Travelogues
Institutions Archives National Archives of India; National Archives and National Library of Bangladesh
Article : West Bengal State Archives, from ArchivesWiki
Bihar State Archives; Orissa State Archives
Musea Hazarduari Palace Museum, Murshidabad (West Bengal), from Archaeological Service of India
Monuments Monuments of Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, from IndiaNetZone
Monuments in Murshidabad, from IndiaNetZone
Alphabetical List of Monuments - Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, from Archaeological Survey of India
Libraries National Archives and National Library of Bangladesh
National Symbols Flags, Coats of Arms
Coins, Banknotes Murshidabad Mint, from Murshidabad.Net

PRINTED REFERENCE
Bibliographies general RHS Bibliography
UK National Archive Online Library
ISBN Database
on Bengal D. Ludden, The Agrarian History of Bengal and Bangladesh : a bibliography
Online Libraries general Google Books; Internet Archives; Gutenberg Library Online; HathiTrust; e-corpus
Gallica
Center for Research Libraries (CRL)
on Bengal Digital Library of India
Indcat, Online Union Catalogue of Indian Universities, from INFLIBNET, click Union Database
Digitial Library of Indian History Books, from Indic Studies
Bangladesh Parliament Digital Library
Online Journals List of Journals History of Bengal Sources, from History of Bangladesh mainly a list of serial publications
Full Text Online Bengal, Past & Present: Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society. 1907, IA
Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 1868, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, IA
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1849, 1850, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1861, 1868, 1871, 1873, 1874, 1877, 1878, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1893, 1894, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1901, 1902, 1904, IA
ToC Online
General Accounts
Specific Topics
Historical Atlasses C. Collin Davies, An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula, Oxford : UP, 2nd edition, 1959 [G]
Historical and Cultural Maps, National Atlas of India Vol.8, published by National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation, Calcutta 1983, edited by G.K . Dutt, S.K. Biswas [G]
J.E. Schwartzberg, A Historical Atlas of South Asia, Chicago : UP 1978 [G]