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The state of Jammu & Kashmir was created in 1846. Politicians who aimed for the establishment of a Muslim state in India, knowing that the vast majority of the population in
Jammu & Kashmir was Muslim, included Kashmir into the core areas of the state to be created (Punjab, Kashmir,
Sindh => PaKiStan, a term coined in the 1930s). The Indian National Congress, on the other hand, opted for all
of British India to be released into independence as one unpartitioned, multi-ethnic and multi-religious Republic of India. Both the Muslim League and the Indian National Congress saw no future for the large number of India's princely states; they were to be integrated into the Republic of India respectively Pakistan. The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, a Hindu, opted for the Republic of India; his decision caused the first Indo-Pakistani War (1948). Jammu and Kashmir was partitioned. Spelling varieties : Cashmeer, Cashmere, Cashmir, Kashmir For the History since 1947 see Jammu & Kashmir (India), Azad Kashmir (Pakistan) and Federally Administered Northern Areas (since 2009 Gilgit-Baltistan, to Pakistan); since 1962 see Aksai Chin (P.R. China) Timeline : Jammu & Kashmir Historical Atlas : Jammu & Kashmir, British India, India, Pakistan Pages |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
|
DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES as Kashmir is a disputed territory, users are advised to use discretion, as many of the sources linked below are biased in one way or another. The webmaster of WHKMLA is not responsible for the content of external websites. |
| Country Profiles | Current |
Articles Kashmir Region, from Wikipedia Kashmir Flashpoint, from BBC News |
| Historical |
The Soobah of Cashmeer, pp.123-154 in vol.2 of Ayeen Akbery; or, the
institutes of the Emperor Akber, trsl. by Francis Gladwin, 1800 Cashmeer, pp.237-242 in vol.2 of M. Elphinstone, An account of the kingdom of Caubul, and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary and India, 1839, GB F. Drew, The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories: A Geographical Account (1875), Internet Archive F. Drew, The Northern Barrier of India: A Popular Account of the Jummoo and Kashmir Territories (1877), posted on Internet Archive F.M.L. Bruce, Kashmir (1911), posted on Internet Archive F.E. Younghusband, E. Molineux, Kashmir (1911), IA Th. Holland (ed.), Provincial geographies of India (1913), vol.1 : J. Douie, The Panjab, Northwest Frontier Province and Kashmir posted on Internet Archive |
| Links | General |
Category : Jammu & Kashmir, from Wikipedia |
| on History |
Category : History of Jammu & Kashmir, from Wikipedia Conflict in Kashmir, Selected Internet Resources, from UC Berkeley Library |
| Organizations |
Kashmir Study Group Kashmir Heritage Kashmiri Overseas Association (KOAUSA) |
| Historical Dictionaries |
| Timelines |
see here Kashmir Timeline, by Justin Podur, since 1925 Timeline Kashmir from Kashmir Information |
| Accounts of History | Current |
History of Kashmir,
Jammu and Kashmir, from Wikipedia History of Jammu and Kashmir, from Webindia 123 History of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (official) History of Kashmir, from Kashmir Information, from Kashmir News Network History of Jammu and Kashmir, from ummah.org L.N. Dhar, An Outline of the History of Kashmir, posted by Koausa Kashmir, History of a Flashpoint, from Buzzle.com |
| Historical |
| Specific Periods |
| Administration |
W. Digby, Condemned Unheard : The Government of India and H.H. the Maharaja of Kashmir .. (1890), posted on
Internet Archive |
| Military |
| Economy & Finances |
R.C. Rawlley, The silk industry and trade : a study in the economic organization of the export trade of Kashmir and Indian silks, with special reference to their utilization in the
British and French markets (1919), posted on Internet Archive |
| Social History |
| Ethnography |
Jammu and Kashmir : Distribution of Languages, from Kashmir Study Group India, from Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre |
| Religion |
Jammu & Kashmir, Distribution of Religions, from
Kashmir Study Group |
| History by Region |
A. Cunningham, Ladak, physical, statistical, and historical ; with notices of the surrounding countries (1854), posted on
Internet Archive |
| Local History |
History of Srinagar, from Wikipedia History of Gilgit, from Wikipedia History of Muzaffarabad, from Wikipedia History of Leh, from Wikipedia History of Jammu, from Wikipedia |
| Institutions |
History of University of Kashmir, Hazratbal near Srinagar |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
J.Ch. Basu, The Maharaja of Kashmir : a vindication and an appeal (1893), posted on
Internet Archive |
| Others |
India Environment Portal : Jammu & Kashmir Terrestrial Ecoregions : Indo-Malayan, from WWF; scroll down for Western Himalayan Subalpine Conifer Forests, Western Himalayan Broadleaf Forests, Himalayan Subtropical Pine Forests |
| DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon), scroll down Worldwide Guide of Women in Leadership, India Substates : K; scroll down for Kashmir Article Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, The Royal House of Jammu and Kashmir, from Wikipedia Jammu and Kashmir, from Indian Princely States |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : India, by State (Province),
Historical Population Statistics : Pakistan by State,
from Population Statistics by Jan Lahmeyer |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Life Magazine, 1936-1972,
Search for "Kashmir", search all issues; 203 Kashmir articles, GB |
| Image Databanks |
Systematic Collections General |
Kashmir Old Pictures |
|
Systematic Collections Specialist |
Old Photographs of Kashmir, 1920,
from V.C.S. O'Connor, The Charm of Kashmir, 1920 Forgotten Kashmir : Some Old Photographs Photos of Kashmir, by Peter Langer |
| Accidental Collections |
|
Oriental Collections Items on Kashmir |
Kashmir Early Artistic Postcards (c.1910), from Early Postcards from
India and Ceylon; India : Srinagar,
India : Kashmir,
from Images of Asia |
|
Universal Collections Items on Kashmir |
Medals of Jammu & Kashmir, from OMSA Historical Picture Postcards, from Worldwide Vintage Postcards; |
| Archival Deposits |
Search National Archives (UK) Search Janus |
| Constitutions, Laws |
Kashmir Legal Documents, from Kashmir Information;
same documents from Kashmir News Network |
| Treaties |
| Document Collections |
Documents, from
Fouq Library (www.kashmiri.info) Baharistan-i-Shahi, ch.1, ch.2, ch.3, ch.4, ch.5, ch.6, ch.7, ch.8 |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
Article Kaschmir, from Meyers Konversationslexikon
1885-1892, in German Article Kashmir, from EB 1902 Articles Kashmir, Jammu, Gilgit, Ladakh and Baltistan, from EB 1911 |
| Religious |
| Economic |
Gülich, Gustav von, Geschichtliche Darstellung des Handels, der Gewerbe und des Ackerbaus der bedeutenden
handeltreibenden Staaten unserer Zeit (Historical Description of Trade, Industry and Agriculture of the Important Trading States of Our Time),
Jena : Frommann 6 vol.s 1830-1845, chapter : Das Pendschab, Peschawer und Caschemir, vol.4 1844 pp.232-235, in German,
posted by DTBSWS E.G. Balfour, The cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, commercial, industrial, and scientific; products of the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms, useful arts and manufactures (1885), vol.1, vol.2, vol.3, posted on Internet Archive; search for Kashmir |
| Geographical |
The Province of Cashmere, pp.504-512 in vol.1 of W. Hamilton,
A Geographical, Statistical, and Historical Description of Hindostan and the Adjacent Countries, 1820, GB Cashmere, p.353 in vol.3 of C. Malte-Brun, Universal Geography, 1826, GB Articles Kashmir and Jammu, Ladakh, Srinagar City, Gilgit, Baltistan, from Imperial Gazetteer of India (1909), posted by DSAL |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
H. D'Oyley Torrens, Travels in Ladak, Tartary, and Kashmir (1862), posted on
Internet Archive H.G.M. Murray-Ainsley, Our visit to Hindostan, Kashmir, and Ladakh (1879), posted on Internet Archive J. Collett, A guide for visitors to Kashmir. Enl., rev. and corr. up to date by A. Mitra. With a route map of Kashmir (1898), posted on Internet Archive C.E. Tyndale Biscoe, Character Building in Kashmir (1920), posted on Internet Archive |
| Residence Memoirs |
| Institutions | Archives |
| Musea |
Jammu Museum, from Kashmir Tourism |
| Monuments |
Alphabetical List of Monuments - Jammu & Kashmir, from
Archaeological Survey of India Ram Chandra Kak, Ancient Monuments of Kashmir, KOAUSA Jammu & Kashmir Index, from Showcaves Category : Forts in Jammu and Kashmir, Palaces in Jammu and Kashmir, from Wikipedia Category : Hindu temples in Jammu and Kashmir , Mosques in Jammu and Kashmir, Buddhist Monasteries in Ladakh, from Wikipedia Jammu & Kashmir Temples, from Indian Temples Portal |
| Libraries |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag of (Indian) Jammu and Kashmir, from FOTW |
| Coins |
Jammu & Kashmir Coins, from Indus Numismatic Gallery World Coin Catalogue : Kashmir, Ladakh, Jammu |
| Stamps |
Kashmir Stamps, 1886-1894, Canadian site David Parke Masson, The Stamps of Jammu and Kashmir, online version of the 2 volume book published 1900-1901 |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
| on Kashmir |
from Kashmir : Hope for the Future Books on Ladakh, from Orchid Press |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus International Boundary Studies Gallica |
| on Kashmir |
Tibetan & Himalayan Digital Library Pakistan Research Repository Fouq Library, articles on the Kashmir Issue Indcat, Online Uinion Catalogue of Indian Universities, from INFLIBNET, click Union Database Digital Library of India History of India Digital Library |
| Online Journals |
Central Eurasian Studies Review (CESR) 2002- |
| Online Yearbooks |
| General Accounts |
| Specific Topics |
| Yearbooks |
Article Kashmir, in : Britannica Book of the Year 1913 p. 619 (on events of 1912) [G] Article : India and Dependencies : Jammu & Kashmir, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1928 pp.167-168, 1937 pp.184-185 [G] |
