Baluchistan | Punjab |
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Sindh had been a Sultanate since the arrival of Islam in 712, under various dynasties, for times being subjugated by
more powerful entities centered on Delhi. The Kalhora Dynasty (1701-1783) restored Sindh independence from the
Mughal Empire.
It was succeeded by the Talpur Dynasty 1783-1843. In the Scinde War 1843 Sindh (except for Khairpur) was conquered
by the E.I.C. and, as Sind District, annexed by Bombay Presidency. In 1936 Sindh was granted the status of a separate province. In 1947 Sindh joined Pakistan. 1947-1948 saw the exodus of a large part of Sindh's non-Muslim population and the influx of Muslim, Urdu-speaking refugees from India, the Mohajir. Many of these settled in Sindh's urban centers, Karachi and Hyderabad. Alternative spellings : Sindh, Sind, Sinde, Scinde Sindh 1988-1999 . Sindh 1977-1988 . Sindh 1970-1977 . Sindh 1955-1970 . Sindh 1947-1955 . Sindh 1937-1947 Timeline : Sindh Historical Atlas, Pakistan Page . British India Page . South Asia Page |
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D o c u m e n t s |
Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles | Current |
from Wikipedia Sindh Tourism Sindh, from Les Etats non souverains, in French |
Historical |
Links | General |
Category : Sindh, from Wikipedia |
on History |
Category History of Sindh, from Wikipedia |
Organizations |
Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh, by M.H. Panhwar Article : Institute of Sindhology (Jamshoro, Pakistan), from Wikipedia Indian Institute of Sindhology Department of Antiquities, Government of Sindh Sindh Historical Society - active in 1943 |
Historical Dictionary |
M.H. Panhwar, Chronological Dictionary of Sindh, (1983) 1988, IA |
Timelines |
WHKMLA Timelines : Sindh |
Accounts of History | Current |
Historical and Cultural Background of Sindh, from Government of
Sindh from Pakistan History, from Wikipedia Islamization and the Arab conquest of Sindh, from South Asian History The Sindh Story, by Ram Jethmalani; History of Sindh, from Sindhi Association of New Jersey; Jeejal-i-Sindh, The Nation through Centuries, by Makhdoom Mohan Gehani, History of Sindh |
Historical |
Specific Periods |
Articles : Ror Dynasty, 5th C. B.C.,
Rai Dynasty, 489-632,
Habbari Dynasty, 841-1024,
Soomra Dynasty, 1026-1351,
Samma Dynasty, 1335-1520,
Arghun Dynasty of Sindh, 16th C.,
Tarkhan Dynasty, 1554-1591,
Kalhora Dynasty, 1701-1783,
Talpur : Talpur Dynasty, 1783-1843,
Sind Division 1843-1936,
Sind Province, 1936-1955,
from Wikipedia |
Politics |
Article Provincial Assembly of the Sindh, from Wikipedia |
Military | Wars |
Services of the 28th Regiment in Scinde during the Operations in 1842 and 1843, posted by
redcoat.info The Conquest of Sindh 1843, from Sirgarnet Articles : Battle of Fatehpur 1519, Battle of Kachhi, 1729, Battle of Halani 1782, Battle of Hyderabad, 1843, Operation Clean-up, 1992-1994, from Wikipedia |
Regiments |
59th Scinde Rifles, from British Empire |
Fortresses |
Articles : Ranikot Fort,
Qasim Fort,
Kot Diji Fort,
Pacco Qillo Fort, from Wikipedia |
Medals |
War in Scinde 1843, pp.271-272 in G. Tancred,
Historical Record of Medals and Honorary Distinctions Conferred on the British Navy, Army and Auxiliary Forces from the Earliest Period,
1891, GB |
Economy & Finances |
J. Perera, Irrigation Development and Agrarian Change in Sindh, Pakistan, book review posted by
EH Net S.H. Kazmi, The Sugar Industry, from Pakistan Economist M.H. Panhwar, History of Irrigation in Sindh, |
Social History |
Ethnography |
Religion |
History of the Hindus in Sindh, by Dhiwan Bherumal Mahirchand Advani (1947) |
History of Regions |
Talk : State of Khayrpur, from Wikipedia History of Khairpur, from District Government Khairpur; from Columbia Encyclopedia; from Indian Princely States |
Local History |
Hyderabad History, from Apnahyderabad,
from Wikipedia Kolachi to Karachi, from City of Karachi Story of Karachi, from Pakistan History; from Wikipedia |
Institutions |
History of University of Karachi, from Wikipedia History of the High Court of Sindh, Karachi |
Culture |
Biographies |
The Talpur Family of Sindh |
Others |
Sindh Kutch Relations, by M.H. Panhwar The mission of Pir Sadruddin in India, from ismaili.net Tahir, Tanvir Ahmad, Political Struggle of the Muslims of Sindh upto 1997, diss. 2006 Khan, Ansar Zahid, Sindh under the Mughuls (A Socio-Political Study), diss. 2000 Afzal, Nasreen, Role of Sir Abdullah Haroon in the Politics of Sindh (1872-1942), diss. 2006 Hafiz Mohommad Adil, Alexander Buries and the Navigation on the Indus, diss. 1957 |
DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
Pakistan Provinces : Sind, from World Statesmen Pakistan Princely States : Sind, from World Statesmen British India Provinces, from World Statesmen |
Population Figures |
Historical Population Figures : Pakistan, Provinces, from Population Statistics Current population of towns and cities in Sind, Pakistan, from World Gazetteer |
Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Modern Newspapers |
Image Databanks |
Photographs, Images and Pictures of Sindh Scinde Campaign Medals 1843, from British Military Medals; from ODM; from British Empire Conquest of Scinde, by William Montagu Scott McMurdo Services of the 28th Regiment in Scinde during the Operations in 1842 and 1843, from redcoat.info Historical Photographs of Sindh Dharti, from MQM |
Archival Deposits |
Search National Archives (UK) Search Janus |
Constitutions, Laws |
Treaties |
C.U. Aitchison, A Collection of treaties, engagements, and sunnuds, relating to India and neighbouring countries,
vol.1 (1892),
vol.2 (1892),
vol.3 (1863),
vol.3 (1909),
vol.4 (1893),
vol.5 (1876),
vol.5 (1892),
vol.6 (1892),
vol.7 (1862),
vol.7 (1892),
vol.8 (1892),
vol.9 (1892),
vol.10 (1892),
vol.11 (1892),
vol.13 (1909), posted on Internet Archive Treaties with the King of Persia, Runjeet Sing, the King of Cabool, the Ameers of Sinde and the Nawab of Bahawulpore, etc (1839), posted on Internet Archive Treaty with Meer Roostum Khan, Chief of Khyrpoor, 4. 4. 1832, p.520, Treaty with the Government of Hyderabad in Scinde, 20./22. 4. 1832, pp.521-522 in Reports from Committees : East India Affairs, Political, 1832, GB Treaty with Dawlut Rao Scindia, 30 Dec 1803, pp.198-200, ditto 21 Nov 1805 pp.209-220, with the Ameers of Scind 22 Aug 1809 p.234, in British and foreign state papers 1816-1817 1838, GB |
Document Collections |
Excerpts from Tarikh-i Tahiri by Mir Tahir Muhammad Nasyani of Thatta (1621), posted by
Infinity Foundation
[on Portuguese sack of Thatta] Reports and Papers, Political, Geographical, & Commercial Submitted to Government by Alexander Burnes, Lt. Leech, Dr. Lord and Lt. Wood, Employed on Missions in the Years 1835 - 1836 - 1837 in Scinde, Affghanistan and Adjacent Countries, 1839, GB |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
Article : Scinde, pp.597-600 in vol.17 of The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia,
1830, GB Article Hyderabad, India, Karachi, Khairpur , Larkhana, Sind, Sukkur, Tatta, Thar and Parkar, from EB 1911 |
Religious |
Economic |
E.G. Balfour, The cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, commercial, industrial, and scientific; products of the mineral,
vegetable, and animal kingdoms, useful arts and manufactures (1885),
vol.1, vol.2,
vol.3, posted on Internet Archive; search for Sindh |
Geographical |
Sinde, pp.56-58 in vol.3 of C. Malte-Brun,
Universal Geography, or, a Description of All the Parts of the World, 1816, GB Article " Sinde, pp.419-421 in vol.5 of G.N. Wright, A New and Comprehensive Gazetteer, 1836, GB Articles Indus eller Sind, Bombay, Kuratschi, Tatta, Sinde, from Stefan Ankjaer, Geografisk-Statistisk Haandbog 1858-1863, in Danish Sind, Karachi District, Khairpur State, Sukkur District, Thar and Parkar, Tatta Subdivision, Upper Sind Frontier District, from Imperial Gazetteer of India (1909-1931), posted by DSAL |
Ethnographical |
Royaume de Sindhi, pp.387-388 in X. Heuschling, Manual de statistique
ethnographique universelle, 1847, in French, GB |
Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
Tour Guides, Travelogues |
H. Pottinger, Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde, 1816, GB J. Burns, A Narrative of a Visit to the Court of Sinde, 1831, GB |
Institutions | Archives |
Sindh Archives Archives in Pakistan, from E-Lis |
Musea |
Category : Museums in Sindh, from Wikipedia |
Monuments |
Categories : Mausoleums in Sindh,
Mosques in Sindh, from Wikipedia Hindu Temples in Pakistan Articles : Ranikot Fort, Qasim Fort, Kot Diji Fort, Pacco Qillo Fort, from Wikipedia Lighthouses of Pakistan Article : Mohenjo-Daro, from Wikipedia Indian Cemeteries, entry for Karachi |
Libraries |
Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag of Khairpur, from FOTW |
Coins, Banknotes |
World Coin Catalog : Sind, from Numismaticon Sind Coins 870-1030, from Collection Hameed Akhtar Siddiqui |
PRINTED REFERENCE |
Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
on Sindh |
M.H. Panhwar's Largest Library on Sindh Publications, from Indian Institute of Sindhology D. Ludden, Bibliography on South Asian Agrarian History (c.1990) |
Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus International Boundary Studies Gallica Search DBNG for Bengalen etc. |
on Pakistan |
Pakistan Research Repository |
Online Journals |
Journal of Sindh Historical Society Sindhological Studies Sindhology Bulletin, from Indian Institute of Sindhology, 2006- |
Online Yearbooks |
General Accounts |
Yearbooks |
Article : India and Dependencies : Sind, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1937 p.173 (data of 1935-1937) [G] |