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| 1532-1574 |
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1621-1670 |
| The Duchy of Tuscany, 1574-1621 |
In 1574 Grand Duke Cosimo I. died. He was succeeded by his son Francesco Maria (1574-1587). Under his rule, Tuscany experienced a number of scandals which involved illegitimate love affairs and murder. The next Grand Duke, Ferdinando I. (1587-1609) was a more decent ruler. Like his brother and predecessor, Ferdinando promoted the arts; he also promoted the city's trade, had the port of Livorno (Leghorn) expanded, settlers attracted to the expanding port city by granting them religious toleration, had a college founded at Pisa. Ferdinando I. also gained a reputation as a benevolent ruler who gave to the poor and who felt for those who suffered distress. In the late 1580es, composer Jacopo Peri, a protege of Grand Duke Ferdinando, composed Daphne, regarded the world's first opera. Ferdinando was succeeded by his son Cosimo II. (-1621); he invited Galileo Galilei to come to Florence.
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EXTERNAL LINKS |
Article Tuscany, from Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 edition History of the Order of St. Stephen (Tuscany, 1561-), from Chivalric Orders Biography of Galileo Galilei, from Catholic Encyclopedia, 1909 edition Biography of Jacopo Peri, from Florence and Tuscany From the 16th century to Napoleon, from Tuscan Archipelago E. Armstrong, Tuscany and Savoy, (in the later half of the 16th century), posted by MATEO |
| DOCUMENTS |
Heraldry in Tuscany, from heraldica.com Tuscany, historical flags, from FOTW List of Grand Dukes of Tuscany, from World Statesmen : Italian States to 1860 by Ben Cahoon; Rulers of Tuscany, from euweb.cz |
| REFERENCE |
History of Italian Regions : Tuscany, from History Book Reviews Christopher Hibbert, The House of Medici, its Rise and Fall, New York : Morrow Quill 1980, 364 pp. |
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