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On the Lombard Republic, Transpadan Republic, Republic of Bergamo These bodiess have to be seen in combination with the War of the First Coalition 1792-1797, which went on in Northern Italy at that time. The Lombard Republic (the former Duchy of Milan), established May 15th 1796, Transpadan Republic, established by merging the Lombard Republic with territory occupied by the French of the Duchy of Mantua November 15th 1796, were political entities under French occupation. In case of French-occupied territory of the Republic of Venice things were a bit more complicated. In Bergamo, the short-lived Republic of Bergamo (March 12-14 1797) then decided to join the Cispadane Republic; Brescia seems to have been under Bergamo; in French-occupied Verona no local republic was established. The fall of the fortress of Mantua, held by Austrian forces, to the French in February 1797 decided the war in favour of the French. On July 9th the Cispadane Republic (with the Republic Emilia) and the Transpadane Republic were merged to form the Cisalpine Republic. While the Lombard, Transpadan, Bergamask Republics had democratic institutions and republican constitutions, they frequently found themselves at odds with Napoleon Bonaparte, who overruled their decisions, had politicians opposing his views removed, or completely reconstituted the political landscape. Because the military and political situation was in flux, because Napoleon's and the republican administration's view of matters have differed, most sources prefer to treat the period rather summaric, mention the Transpadane Republic merely as a transitional phase, often completely ignore the Lombard Republic. |
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| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles |
Article Transpadane Republic, from Wikipedia Article : Repubblica Transpadana, from Wikipedia Italian edition; from Italiapedia, in Italian |
| Links, on History |
| Organizations |
| Historical Dictionary |
Enciclopedie on Line, from Treccani, in Italian Nuovo dizionario istorico, ovvero storia in compendio di tutti gli uomini che si sono resi illustri ... dal principio del mondo fino ai nostri giorni ... con tavole cronologiche vol.1 (1796) AA-AL, vols.2-3 (1796) AM-BZ, vol.4 (1796) CA-CY, vols.5-6 (1796) DA-FU, vol.7 (1796) GA-GO, vols.8-9 (1796) GR-LE, vol.10 (1796) LI-MA, vols.11-12 (1796) MA-MU, vols.13-14 (1796) NA-PH, vols.15-16 (1796) PI-RH, vols.17-18 (1796) RI-SE, vols.19-20 (1796) SF-TZ, vols.21-22 (1796) VA-ZW, in Italian, posted on Internet Archive |
| Timelines |
| Accounts of History |
Article Transpadane Republic, from Wikipedia Article : Repubblica Transpadana, from Wikipedia Italian edition R.A. Scattolin, Lombardy 1796: State, Society, and Post-Revolutionary Applications, on Napoleon Series Transpadane Republic, p.249 in vol.1 of A. Vieusseux, Italy and the Italians in the nineteenth century, 1824, GB Napoleone Bonaparte in Italia, 1796, 1796-1797, 1797, 1797, from Cronologia, in Italian |
| Military |
Las Cases, Battle of the Tagliamento (March 13 to 28 1797), from
My Residence with the Emperor Napoleon Article : Siege of Mantua (1796-1797), from Wikipedia Article : Assedio di Mantova, from Wikipedia Italian edition |
| Economy |
| Ethnography |
| Regions |
Article : Republic of Bergamo, from Wikipedia |
| Local History |
Article : History of Milan : 19th Century, from Wikipedia Article : Storia di Milano : Eta Moderna, Storia di Mantova : Mantova Francese, Storia di Bergamo : La Rivoluzione e la Repubblica Bergamasca, Storia di Brescia : Eta Veneta, Storia di Verona : Verona Francese, from Wikipedia Italian definition |
| Structures, Institutions |
| Biographies |
Repubblica Transpadana, from Treccani Dizionario Biografico,
in Italian; click Dizionario Biografico |
| Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
Lombardy, from World Statesmen by Ben Cahoon |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Italy, historical demographical data of the regions, from
Population Statistics, by Jan Lahmeyer |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers | Links |
Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers] |
| foreign |
Le Gazzette Bolognesi 1645-1796 Mayo 1797 in Mercurio histórico y político, in Spanish, GB April 25 1796 in vol.24 of Gazzetta universale, o sieno, in Italian, GB |
| Transpadane |
L'Emeroteca Digitale (867 historical newspapers, mainly from Lombardy) |
| Online Yearbooks |
| Image Databanks |
| Archival Deposits |
| Constitutions, Laws |
Polo Costituzionale per la Repubblica Lombarda, from
Archivio di Diritto e Storia Costituzionali, in Italian |
| Treaties | General Treaty Collections |
| Bilateral Treaty Collections |
| Document Collections |
| Individual Documents |
| Historical Maps | entire country, hindsight/modern |
Northern Italy 1796 (Shepherd 1911), posted by Emerson Kent |
| entire country, contemporary |
| detail, hindsight/modern |
| detail, contemporary |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
| Religious |
| Economic |
| Geographical |
Transpadane Republic, p.778 in Th.C. Callicot, Hand-book of universal
geography: being a gazetteer of the world, 1853, GB |
| Historical |
Cispadanische, Transpadanische, Cisalpinische, Italiänische Republik, Königreich Italien pp.102-108 in vol.2 of L.T. von Spittler,
Entwurf der Geschichte der europäischen Staaten, 1807, in German, GB Article : Transpadana (Republica), p.251 in : F. de Paula Mellado, Diccionario universal de historia y de geografia, 1848, in Spanish, GB |
| Parliamentary Debates |
| Institutions | Archives |
Archivio di Stato, Bergamo,
Brescia,
Como,
Cremona,
Mantova,
Novara,
Pavia,
Ravenna,
Sondrio,
Verona |
| Musea |
| Monuments |
| Libraries |
| State Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW |
| Coins, Banknotes |
| Others |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies) (site in German, most titles listed in English;
numerous entries; publications mostly since 1970) RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library |
| Online Bookstores |
Libreria Universitaria Unilibro |
| Transpadane Rep. |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
| on Italy |
Repertori di biblioteche digitali italiane BNCF Biblioteca Digitale; BNCR Biblioteca Digitale; Digitami, Biblioteca Digitale di Milano Biblioteca Italiana; Biblioteca Digitale Italiana Internet Culturale Biblioteche Digitali, from Biblioteca del Dipartimento di Scienze della Storia e della Documentazione Storica, Univ. of Milan |
| Thesis Server |
Tesi Online |
| Transpadane Rep. |
| Online Journals | full text online |
Biblioteca Digitale Italiana,
Programma di digitalizzazione delle pubblicazioni periodiche |
| Online Yearbooks | full text online |
| General Accounts |
| Specific Topics |
