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Savoy-Piemont |
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In 1569 the Duchy of Florence (former Republic of Florence, which in 1406 had absorbed the Republic of Pisa, in 1555 the Republic of Siena)
was elevated to Grand Duchy of Toscana. When the Medici Dynasty ended in 1737, the Grand Duchy was given to Francis Stephen in excange for
his Duchy of Lorraine. Tuscany remained a possession of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1801
when it was transformed into the Kingdom of Etruria, which in 1807 was annexed by France.
In 1815 the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was restored and enlarged by Piombino and
the Stato dei Presidii. In 1847 the Duchy of Lucca was annexed. In 1859, Tuscany was annexed by the
Kingdom of Sardinia, which in 1861
was renamed Kingdom of Italy. Tuscany 1814-1860 . French Italy, 1805-1814 . Tuscany-Etruria until 1808 . Tuscany 1737-1799 . Tuscany 1670-1737 . Tuscany 1621-1670 . Tuscany 1574-1621 . Tuscany 1532-1574 Historical Atlas, Tuscany Page Students' Papers : Choi, Jungyun, A Comparative Economic History of Florence and Venice During the Italian Renaissance Historical Encyclopedia Entries on Tuscany 1815-1860, Leopoldo II., Fossombroni, Capponi, Guerrazzi, Montanelli, For documents on the history of Tuscany, click here |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Current |
Article Tuscany, from Wikipedia Article Toscana, from Wikipedia Italian edition |
| Historic |
| Links, on History |
Categoria : Storia della Toscana, from Wikipedia Italian edition |
| Portals |
Portale : Toscana, from Wikipedia Italian edition |
| Organizations |
Associazione Dimore Storiche Italiane - Sezione Toscana Istituto Comprensivo Centro Storico, Firenze |
| Historical Dictionaries | Dictionaries on History |
Enciclopedie on Line, from Treccani, in Italian Nuovo dizionario istorico, ovvero storia in compendio di tutti gli uomini che si sono resi illustri ... dal principio del mondo fino ai nostri giorni ... con tavole cronologiche vol.1 (1796) AA-AL, vols.2-3 (1796) AM-BZ, vol.4 (1796) CA-CY, vols.5-6 (1796) DA-FU, vol.7 (1796) GA-GO, vols.8-9 (1796) GR-LE, vol.10 (1796) LI-MA, vols.11-12 (1796) MA-MU, vols.13-14 (1796) NA-PH, vols.15-16 (1796) PI-RH, vols.17-18 (1796) RI-SE, vols.19-20 (1796) SF-TZ, vols.21-22 (1796) VA-ZW, in Italian, posted on Internet Archive Emanuele Repetti, Dizionario geografico fisico storico della Toscana, vol.1 1833, vol.2 1835, vol.3 1839, vol.4 1841, vol.5 1843, suppl. vol.1 1845, Introduzione 1846, in Italian, posted on Google Books |
| Old Encyclopedias |
Enciclopedia italiana e dizionario della conversazione,
vol.1 : A-Amminicolo, 1838,
vol.2 : Amministrazione-Asfodelo, 1838,
vol.3 : Asia-Basilica, 1839,
vol.4 : Basilicata-Brunetto Latini, 1841 (incomplete scan),
vol.5 : C-Cavallino, 1842,
vol.6 : Ceba-Danza di San Vito, 1843,
vol.7 : Danzica-Errore, 1844,
vol.7 pt.2 : F-Guizot, 1845,
vol.8.1 : H-Litotomista, 1847 (incomplete scan),
vol.8.2 : M-Orientali, 1848 (incomplete scan),
vol.9.1 : P-Sesso, 1850 (incomplete scan),
vol.9.2 : Siam-Zaffiro, 1851 (incomplete scan),
vol.10 : Appendice, 1853,
Tavole vol.1, 1837,
Tavole vol.2, 1847, in Italian, GB |
| Timelines |
| Accounts of History | general | modern |
A Short History of Tuscany, from Welcome to Italy, very brief Article History of Tuscany, from Wikipedia Article Toscana : Storia, Granducato di Toscana, from Wikipedia Italian edition Janet Ross, Old Florence and Modern Tuscany (1904), IA |
| 19th century |
Lorenzo Pignotti, The History of Tuscany from the Earliest Times .. (1826), posted on
Internet Archive H.E. Napier, Florentine History, vol.4 (1846), vol.6 (1846), posted on Internet Archive L. Pignotti, The history of Tuscany: from the earliest era, vol.1 1826, vol.2 1826, vol.3 1826, vol.4 1826, posted on Google Books Biblioteca dei Franciulli : Storia Toscana, 1821, in Italian, posted on Google Books L. Pignotti, Storia Della Toscana Sino Al Principato, 1824, in Italian, posted on Google Books G.M. Bruto, Delle istorie fiorentine: libri otto, vol.1 1839, vol.2 1839, in Italian, posted on Google Books |
| pre 19th century |
J.R. Galluzzi, Istoria del granducato di Toscana: sotto il governo della casa Medici,
vol.1 1781,
vol.2 1820,
vol.3 1820,
vol.4 2nd ed. 1781,
vol.5 1821,
vol.6 1821,
vol.7 1821,
vol.8 2nd ed. 1781,
vol.9 1821, in Italian, GB G.M. Mecatti, Storia chronologica della citta di Firenze o siano Annali della Tuscana, part 2, 1755, in Italian, GB |
| Specific Periods |
Thomas Adolphus Trollope, Tuscany in 1849 and 1859 (1859), posted on
Internet Archive Bella Duffy, The Tuscan Republics (Florence, Siena, Pisa and Lucca) with Genoa (1892), posted on Internet Archive Marianne Young, Persecution in Tuscany (1853), posted on Internet Archive Istoria delle cose avvenute in Toscana; dall'anno 1300 al 1348 1578, in Italian, posted on Google Books Die Reformstaaten Toscana und Piemont vom Sommer 1846 bis Ende 1847 pp.312-333 in H. Reuchlin, Geschichte Italiens von der Gr?dung der regierenden Dynastien bis zur Gegenwart, Part 1, 1860, in German, GB Toscana vom Jahre 1849 bis 1858, pp.96-120; Toscana im Jahre 1859 pp.419-475 in H. Reuchlin, Geschichte Italiens von der Gründung der regierenden Dynastien bis zur Gegenwart : Pt.3 : Die Reaktionszeit und die nationale Erhebung Italiens von der Bekämpfung der römischen Republik im Frühjahr 1849 bis zum letzten Ministerium Cavours im Januar 1860, 1870, in German, GB |
| Politics | Foreign Relations |
A. de Miltitz, Manuel des Consuls, vol.2 pt.2 : Des Consulats a l'Etranger par les Principaux Etats de l'Europe et les Etats-Unis de
l'Amerique du Nord, bk.3 : Etablissement des Consulats a l'Etranger,
France et Toscane pp.161-162,
Deux-Siciles et Toscane pp.252-253,
Sardaigne et Toscane pp.322-323,
Espagne et Toscane pp.489-490,
Portugal et Toscane pp.583-584,
Grande Bretagne et Toscane pp.850-853,
Pays-Bas et Toscane p.991,
Danemark et Toscane p.1091,
Suede et Toscane p.1171,
Russie et Toscane pp.1340-1341,
Autriche et Toscane p.1447,
Porte Ottomane et Toscane pp.1471-1479,
Etats Unis d'Amerique et Toscane p.1583,
1839, in French, GB U.S. Dept. of State, Office of the Historian, A Guide to the History of Recognition, Diplomatic and Consular Relations since 1776 by Country, Grand Duchy of Tuscany |
| Military |
Sacro Militare Ordine di Santo Stefano Papa e Martire, from CNICG, in Italian Notices sur la Toscane, pp.286-293 in N.Ch.V. Oudinot, De l'Italie et de ses forces militaires, 1835, in French, GB Austrian Army : Toscana Infantry, from Kronoskaf Lista dei reggimenti italiani (1792-1799), from Wikipedia Italian edition; scroll down for Granducato di Toscana |
| Economy |
Brendan Dooley, Products and Materials in Circulation : Don Giovanni de Medici as Connoisseur and
Entrepreneur, IEHC 2006 Enrico Stumpo, Between Art Market and Luxury Production. Some Metholodical Remarks, IEHC 2006 Valeria Pinchera, The Art Consumption in Early Modern Florence, IEHC 2006 Federico Paolini, review of Stefano Maggi, Annalisa Giovani, Muoversi in Toscana. Ferrovie e Trasporti dal Granducato alla Regione Bologna, Il Mulina 2005, from Storia e Futuro 2006 Italy, from European Textile Network (historical sites) Windmills of Italy, from Windmill World (several Tuscany mills) Zimmerman, V. K. Import-Export Activities of Italy, ca. 1400: Some Economic and Accounting Considerations. Business and Economic History, 2d ser., 6 (1977): 99-105. J.M. Stuart, History of Free Trade in Tuscany (1876), posted on Internet Archive David G. LoRomer, Merchants and Reform in Livorno, 1814-1868, Berkeley : University of California Press 1987 John Bowring, Report on the statistics of Tuscany, Lucca, the Pontifical, and the Lombardo-Venetian States 1837, posted on Google Books The Art of Glassmaking in Montaione (Tuscany), from Visit Montaione |
| Ethnography |
| Religion | Catholicism | Dioceses |
Archdiocese of Florence, from Catholic Hierarchy Articles Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, Roman Catholic Diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro, Roman Catholic Diocese of Grossetto, Roman Catholic Diocese of Livorno, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lucca, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pisa, Roman Catholic Diocese of Pistoia, Roman Catholic Diocese of Prato, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino, from Wikipedia Articles Arcidiocesi di Firenze, Diocesi di Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro, Diocesi di Grosseto, Diocesi di Livorno, Arcidiocesi di Lucca, Arcidiocesi di Pisa, Diocesi di Pistoia, Diocesi di Prato, Arcidiocesi di Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino , from Wikipedia Italian edition |
| Monasteries |
Fratri Minori di Toscana, from OFM Toscana, in Italian Franciscan Provinces with their Custodies and Convents, c.1350, from M. van der Heijden and B. Roest, click Tuscany |
| Patron Saints |
Patron Saint Index : Tuscany |
| Judaism |
The Virtual Jewish History Tour : Pitigliano,
Florence,
Pisa,
Siena,
Livorno |
| Regions |
History, from Tuscan Archipelago I Pirati, Napoleone e il Granducato, from Associazione per la Difesa dell'Isola di Pianosa, in Italian |
| Local History |
Articles History of Florence,
Arezzo : History,
Livorno : History,
Lucca : History,
Piombino : History,
Pistoia : History,
Prato,
Siena : History, from Wikipedia |
| Structures, Institutions |
Structurae : Tuscany |
| Biographies |
Family Portrait : The Medici of Florence, from Your Way to Florence, 10 chapters Florence, from Executed Today S. Ticozzi, Memorie di Bianca Cappello, gran-duchessa di Toscana, 1827, in Italian, GB |
| Others |
Heraldry in Tuscany : Brief History, from Heraldica Florence : The Medicean Grand Duchy, from La Cucina Italiana Marco Lenzi, Moderatismo e Amministrazione nel Granducato di Toscana (advertisement for book) |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
List of Grand Dukes, from World Statesmen by Ben Cahoon Regnal Chronologies : Tuscany Titles of European Hereditary Rulers : Tuscany |
| Lists of Ambassadors |
List of Diplomats from the United Kingdom to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, from
Wikipedia |
| Lists of Bishops |
Articles : Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence,
Lucca,
Pisa,
Siena,
Diocese of Arezzo,
Chiusi,
Chiusi e Pienza,
Colle di Val d'Elsa,
Cortona,
Fiesole,
Grosseto,
Livorno,
Massa Carrara,
Massa Marittima,
Montalcino,
Montepulciano,
Orbetello,
Pescia,
Pienza,
Pistoia e Prato,
Pitogliano,
Pontremoli,
San Miniano,
Sansepolchro,
Sovana,
Volterra, from Wikipedia Italian edition |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Italy, historical demographical data of the regions, from
Population Statistics, by Jan Lahmeyer |
| Economic Statistics |
Prices and Wages : Italy 16th century - 1800, by
Pierre Marteau Global Price and Income History Group, Southern Europe, has several files on Florence, Tuscany, Siena |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers | Links |
Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers] |
| foreign |
L'Emeroteca Digitale (867 historical newspapers, mainly from Lombardy) Le Gazzette Bolognesi 1645-1796 |
| from Tuscany |
Gazzetta Toscana,
vol.1/2 1766-1767,
vol.3/4 1768-1769,
vol.7/8 1772-1773,
vol.9/10 1774-1775,
vol.11/12 1776-1777,
vol.13/13 1778-1779,
vol.17/18 1782-1783,
vol.19/20 1784-1785,
vol.21/22 1786-1787,
vol.23/24 1788-1789,
in Italian, posted on Google Books Gazzetta universale, o sieno, [Firenze] vol.3, 1776, vol.6, 1779, vol.7, 1780, vol.8, 1781, vol.9, 1782, vol.10, 1783, vol.11, 1784, vol.12, 1785, vol.13, 1786, vol.14, 1787, vol.15, 1788, vol.17, 1790, vol.18, 1791, vol.19, 1792, vol.21, 1794, vol.22, 1795, vol.23, 1796, vol.24, 1797, vol.26, 1799, vol.28, 1801, in Italian, GB Gazzetta di Firenze 1815, 1818, 1821, in Italian, posted on Google Books |
| Online Yearbooks | Staatskalender, Tuscany |
Almanacco Toscano
1842 |
| Staatskalender, Papal State |
Annuario pontificio,
1721,
1722,
1723,
1724,
1726,
1728,
1729,
1731,
1732,
1733,
1734,
1735,
1736,
1737,
1739,
1740,
1741,
1742,
1744,
1746,
1749,
1750,
1751,
1752,
1753,
1755,
1756,
1757,
1759,
1760,
1762,
1763,
1764,
1766,
1767,
1770,
1771,
1773,
1775,
1776,
1779,
1781,
1783,
1785,
1786,
1787,
1788,
1789,
1790,
1791,
1795,
1796,
1802,
1806,
1822,
1833,
1834,
1835,
1836,
1837,
1838,
1840,
1842,
1843,
1844,
1845,
1846,
1851,
1853,
1854,
1856,
1857,
1858,
1863,
1864,
1865,
1866,
1868,
1869,
in Italian, posted on Google Books |
| International |
P. d'Avity, Les Estats, Empires et Principautez du Monde; entry : De l'Estat de Florence, in French,
1613, pp.561-575, GB;
1614, pp.559-571, GB;
1616, pp.559-573, GB;
1617, pp.559-573, GB;
1621, pp.588-603, GB;
1628, pp.561-575, GB;
1630, pp.398-408, GB;
1633, pp.561-575, GB;
1659, pp.335-348, GB;
1665, pp.316-339, GB J.Ch. Poncelin de la Roche Tilhac, Etat des Cours de l'Europe et des Provinces de France pour l'annee ... vol.1 MDCCCLXXXIV 1783 pp.262-265, vol.2 MDCCCLXXXV, 1785, pp.286-288, vol.3 MDCCCLXXXVI, 1786, pp.247-248, in French, GB Genealogisches Reichs- und Staats-Handbuch : Toscana 1798 pt.2 pp.112-113, 1799 pt.2 pp.40, 1800 pt.2, pp.48-49, Etrurien 1802 pt.2, p.343, 1803 pt.2, pp.76-77, in German, GB Genealogisches Staats-Handbuch : Toscana, vol.65 pp.255-259, 1827, vol.66 pp.297-301, 1835, vol.67 pp.315-319, 1839, in German, GB Genealogisch-historisch-statistischer Almanach : Toscana, vol.1 : 1824 pp.348-350, 1824, vol.2 : 1825 pp.348-351, 1824, vol.3 : 1826 pp.382-384, 1826, vol.8 : 1832 pp.503-506, 1831, vol.9 : 1833 pp.575-580, 1832, vol.10 : 1834 pp.592-596, 1833, vol.11 : 1834 pp.611-616, 1834, vol.12 : 1835 pp.705-709, 1835, vol.13 : 1836 pp.686-692, 1836, vol.16 : 1838/39 pp.640-646, 1839, vol.17 : 1840 pp.786-792, 1840, vol.19 : 1842 pp.808-816, 1842, vol.20 : 1843 pp.808-816, 1843, vol.23 : 1846 pp.684-689, 1846, in German, GB Almanach de Gotha : Toscane 1771 p.lxxviii, 1771, vol.86 pp.73-74, 1849, vol.87 pp.73-74, 1850, vol.89 pp.73-74, 1852, vol.90 pp.73-74, 1853, vol.94 pp.79-80, 1857, vol.95 pp.79-80, 1858, vol.97 pp.82-84, 1860, vol.102 pp.97-99, 1865, vol.106 pp.11-12, p.384, 1869, in French, GB Almanacco istorico, politico, militare, scientifico, 1794, 1795, in Italian, GB Annuario Storico Universale : Granducato di Toscana, 1845 pp.24-25, in Italian, GB |
| Image Databanks |
Wikimedia Commons : Tuscany Category : Historical Images of Tuscany, Florence, Livorno, Lucca, Pisa, Pistoia, Siena, from Wikimedia Commons |
| Archival Deposits |
Foreign Ministry Archives Services of the European Union Member States : Italy, from
Consilium Europa,
has files on diplomatic representation of Grand Duchy of Tuscany Nationaalarchief (NL) Inventaris van het archief van het Nederlands Gezantschap in Toscane, 1826-1828 |
| Constitutions, Laws |
Archivio delle Costituzione Storiche : Italia,
entries for Lucca 1799, Lucca 1801, Lucca 1805, Toscana 1848, Italian language documents Edict of the Grand Duke of Tuscany: for the reform of criminal law, 1789, posted on Google Books |
| Treaties | General Treaty Collections |
| Bilateral Treaty Collections |
G. Arias, I trattati commerciali della Repubblica fiorentina. v. 1., Secolo XIII (1901), vol.1,
posted on Internet Archive Toskana, pp.238-243 in Johann Vesque von P?tlingen, Uebersicht der Verträge Oesterreichs mit den auswärtigen Staaten, 1854, in German, GB Toscane, pp.123-124 in vol.1 of Table des traites entre la France et les puissances etrangeres, depuis la paix de Westphalie jusqu'a nos jours, 1802, GB |
| Document Collections |
Il Granducato di Toscana, from Materiali e studi per una storia
del diritto d'autore Documenti di storia nazionale, from Wikisource Italian edition, scroll down for Granducato di Toscana P. Tronci, Annali Pisani, vol.1 1828, vol.2 1829, vol.3 1829, vol.4 1829, in Italian, posted on Google Books Ch.27 : De Scriptoribus Rerum Italicum, pp.659-716 in B.G. Struve, Selecta bibliotheca historica, 1705, in Latin, GB ; a catalogue of narrative historical sources |
| Individual Documents |
L.J.A. de Potter, Memoirs of Scipio de Ricci. Late Bishop of Pistoia and Prato (1829), posted on
Internet Archive Governo della Toscana sotto il regno di sua maesta il re Leopoldo II, 1790, in Italian, posted on Google Books Gobierno de la Toscana baxo el reynado del Gran Duque Pedro Leopoldo 1792, in Spanish, posted on Internet Archive |
| Historical Maps | entire country, hindsight/modern |
Republic of Florence 1527,
from Historical and Political Maps of the Modern Age, by Joaquin de Salas Vara de Rey Cartography in Tuscany, from Institute and Museum of the History of Science Tuscany 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, from euratlas |
| entire country, contemporary |
Map : Northern Italy, from Sohr-Berghaus, Vollständiger Hand-Atlas der neueren Erdbeschreibung über alle Theile der Erde,
1st ed. 1844,
4th ed. 1847,
5th ed. 1855,
5th ed. 1861, posted by M. Witkam Map : Northern Italy 1842, from Stieler's Handatlas, 2nd edition 1847, posted by M. Witkam |
| detail, hindsight/modern |
| detail, contemporary |
Florence 1908,
Livorno 1908,
Pisa 1898,
Pisa 1908,
Pisa 1913,
Pistoia 1908,
Siena 1898,
Siena 1909, from Discus Media |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Articles Tuscany,
Elba,
Arezzo,
Carrara,
Florence (Firenze),
Grosseto,
Leghorn (Livorno),
Lucca,
Massa,
Pisa,
Siena, from EB 1911 Articles Toscana, Elba, Arezzo, Carrara, Florenz, Grosseto, Livorno, Lucca, Pisa, Pistoja, Siena from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
| Religious |
Articles Tuscany, Arezzo,
Florence, Grosseto,
Pisa, Siena,
Diocese of Pistoia and Prato, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907-1914 edition Articles Pisa, Leghorn, Florence, Lucca, from Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 |
| Economic |
Change de la France avec Florence, Capitale de la Toscane, pp.517-532;
Change de la France avec Livourne en Toscane pp.657-662 in vol.1 of Th. de Bleville,
Le banquier et negociant universel, ou Traite general des changes, 1760,
in French, GB J. Chr. Nelckenbrecher, Taschenbuch eines Banquiers und Kaufmanns enthaltend eine Erklärung aller ein- und ausländischen Münzen ..., Berlin : Wever 1769, in German, entries Florentz, Livorno, posted by DTBSWS Florence, pp.102-105, Livourne, pp.153-156, in vol.2 of S. Ricard, Traite general du commerce, 1781, in French, GB Livourne, p.373 in P. Giraudeau, La banque rendue facile aux principales nations de l'Europe 1793 in French, GB Leghorn, pp.224-233 in P. Kelly, The Universal Cambist, 1811, GB Toscane, pp.341-352 in vol.4 pt.1 of J.M. Demeunier, Economie politique et diplomatique, 1788, in French, GB Livourne (Italie, Toscane), in Metrologie universelle, ancienne et moderne, 1817, in French, GB J. Chr. Nelkenbrecher, Allgemeines Taschenbuch der Münz-, Maass- und Gewichtskunde für Banquiers und Kaufleute (General Manual on Coinage, Measurement and Weights, for Bankers and Merchants) Berlin 1832, in German, entries Florenz, Livorno, posted by DTBSWS Leghorn, pp.543-549 in J. Blunt, The shipmaster's assistant, and commercial digest, 1837, Gb Le Grand Duche de Toscane, in A. Bonneville, Encyclopedie monetaire, 1849, in French, GB Leghorn, pp.37-38 in W. Tate, A manual of exchanges, 1829, GB Tuscany, pp.327-328 in J. Blunt, The shipmaster's assistant, and commercial digest , 1862, GB Tuscany, pp.652-653 in W. Waterston, A cyclopaedia of commerce, mercantile law, finance, commercial geography, 1863, GB |
| Political |
Estat du Grand Duc de Toscane, pp.304-332 in Pierre d'Avity, Le Monde, ou la Description generale de ses quatre parties, 1660
Part 4 : Description de l'Europe, Quatriesme Partie du Monde, avec tous ces Empires,
Royaumes, Estats et Republiques, vol.3, 1660, GB Estat du Grand Duc de Toscane, pp.317-338 in P. d'Avity, Nouveau theatre du monde: contenant les estats, empires, royaumes, et principautez, representez par l'ordre et veritable description des pays, moeurs des peuples, forces, 1661, in French, GB Gouvernement de Toscane, pp.463-481 in vol.2 of G. de Real de Curbon, La science du gouvernement, 1762, in French, GB |
| Geographical |
Di Grand Duche de Toscane, pp.376-388 in vol.2 of J. Hübner, La geographie universelle
, 1746, in French, GB Della Toscana, pp.327-333 in A. Chiusole, Il mondo antico moderno e novissimo ovvero breve trattato dell'antica e moderna geografia ... , 1749, in Italian, GB Gran Ducato di Toscana, pp.248-340 in vol.21 of Th. Salmon, Lo stato presente di tutti i paesi e popoli del mondo naturale, politico e morale, 1757, in Italian, GB The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, pp.404-415 in vol.6 of T.G. Smollett, The present state of all nations, 1769, GB Grossherzogthum Toscana, pp.327-335 in G. Hassel, Allgemeines Europäisches Staats und Address-Handbuch 1816 in German, GB The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, pp.394-401 in vol.2 of J. Bell, A system of geography, popular and scientific, 1832, GB The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, pp.36-38 in H. Murray, The Encyclopaedia of Geography, 1839, GB Das Grossherzogthum Toscana, pp.533-642 in vol.4 of F.W. Schubert, Handbuch der allgemeinen Staatskunde von Europa, 1839, in German, GB Die Italische Halbinsel, pp.143-184 in F. von Rudtorffer, Militär-Geographie von Europa, 1839, in German, GB Tuscany, pp.674-676 in vol.2 of S.G. Goodrich, Pictorial geography of the world, 1840, GB Italy, pp.69-78 in Ch. R. Maxwell, An epitome of the military geography of Europe, 1850, GB The Duchy of Tuscany (including Lucca), pp.120-127 in F.H. Ungewitter, Europe, past and present : a comprehensive manual of European geography and history, 1850, GB The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, pp.371-372 in vol.2 of R.Sw. Fisher, The Book of the World, 1851, GB Tuscany, pp.652-653 in Th. Prescott, The Volume of the World, 1855, GB Tuscany, pp.978-981 in vol.2 of M'Culloch's universal gazetteer , 1855, GB Italy pp.271-291 in W. Hughes, A manual of geography, 1861, GB Grand Duchy of Tuscany, pp.324-325 in A. Harris, A geographical hand book, 1862, GB |
| Ethnographical |
Grand Duche de Toscane, pp.287-290 in X. Heuschling, Manual de statistique
ethnographique universelle, 1847, in French, GB |
| Historical |
Tuscany or Florence, pp.620-631 in :
Samuel von Pufendorf, An introduction to the history of the principal kingdoms and states of Europe, 1719, GB Tuscany, pp.299-306 in vol.1 of Th. Salmon, Modern history or the present state of all nations, 1744, GB Grand Duchy of Tuscany, pp.329-333 in vol.37 of The modern part of An universal history, 1783, GB Grossherzugthum Toscana pp.169-188 in vol.2 of the 1st edition of L.T. von Spittler, Entwurf der Geschichte der europäischen Staaten, 1794, in German, GB Grossherzogthum Toscana pp.218-240, Königreich Etrurien pp.240-241 in vol.2 of the 2nd edition of L.T. von Spittler, Entwurf der Geschichte der europäischen Staaten, 1807, in German, GB Grossherzogthum Toscana und Königreich Etrurien, pp.268-294 in vol.2 of the 3rd edition of L.T. von Spittler, Entwurf der Geschichte der europäischen Staaten, 1823, in German, GB Grand-duche de Toscana, pp.1-41 [on 1621-1717] in vol.32 of Maximilian-Samson-Friedrich Schöll, Cours d'histoire des Etats Europeens, depuis le bouleversement de l'empire romain d'Occident jusqu'en 1789, 1832, in French, GB Tuscany, pp.784-787 in vol.2 of S.G. Goodrich, A history of all nations, from the earliest periods to the present, 1859, GB |
| Parliamentary Debates |
| Postal Routes etc. |
Etat general des postes de France 1812,
1814, in French, GB; search for Lucques K.Fr. Jahn, Post-Reise-Handbuch, 1833, in German, GB Search Bradshaw's continental railway, steam transit, and general guide 1853, 1859, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, GB, for Florence, Leghorn, Lucca, Pisa, Pistoia, Siena |
| Tariffs |
Leghorn (and back, from the U.K.) - 130 days, p.148 in :
Ellis' British Tariff for 1832-1833, 1835, GB |
| Tour Guides |
A. and W. Galignani, Galignani's traveller's guide through Italy, 1824, GB F. Palgrave, Hand-book for travellers in northern Italy, 1856, GB Fr. Coghlan, Handbook for travellers in northern Italy, 1856, GB J. Murray, Handbook for travellers in northern Italy, 1860, GB |
| Travelogues |
| Exhibition Catalogues |
Official Catalogue of the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations
1851, GB; Tuscany pp.318-320 Official Catalogue of the New York Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations 1853, GB; Italy [!] pp.179-186; Tuscany under Italy |
| Institutions | Archives |
Archivio di Stato di Firenze;
Grosseto;
Livorno;
Lucca;
Pisa;
Pistoia;
Siena |
| Musea |
Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence Museo Galileo, Florence |
| Monuments |
Categoria : Monumenti della Toscana, from Wikipedia Italian
edition |
| Libraries |
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana |
| State Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW Coat of Arms, from International Civic Heraldry, from Heraldique Europeenne |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Toscana 3 Quattrini 1846, from Edixxon Tuscany Coins, from World Coin Gallery Search Coin Archives for Toscana, Tuscany, Florence, Florenz, Firenze, Pisa, Siena, Lucca |
| Stamps |
Rare Italian States,
Tuscany Stamps, from Sandafayre Stamp Gallery |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
| on Tuscany |
from Archiweb Massa Carrara Storia Postale di Toscana Periode Prefilatelico from Tuscany-Toscana Info Italian language books on Granducato di Toscana, from Unilibro (bookseller) Entries Toskana, Florenz, Lucca, Pisa, Prato, Siena, from Computatio Toscana, from Bibliografie zur Geschichte und Kultur des Weines (Bibliography on History and Cultivation of Wine) D. Moreni, Bibliografia storico-ragionata della Toscana vol.1, 1805, vol.2, 1805, posted on Google Books |
| Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
e-corpus Swiss Electronic Library; Gallica |
| on Italy |
Repertori di biblioteche digitali italiane BNCF Biblioteca Digitale; BNCR Biblioteca Digitale; Digitami, Biblioteca Digitale di Milano Biblioteca Italiana Biblioteche Digitali, from Biblioteca del Dipartimento di Scienze della Storia e della Documentazione Storica, Univ. of Milan |
| on Tuscany |
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Teca Digitale |
| Thesis Servers |
Tesi Online |
| Online Journals | full text online |
Biblioteca Digitale Italiana,
Programma di digitalizzazione delle pubblicazioni periodiche Rassegna Storica Toscana, 1955-2009 Online |
| General Accounts |
Christopher Hibbert, The House of Medici, its Rise and Fall, New York : Morrow Quill 1980, 364 pp. Eric Cochrane, Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800, Chicago : UP 1973, 593 pp. [G] John A. Marino, Early Modern Italy 1550-1796, Oxford : UP 2002 [G] |
| Specific Topics |
Rebecca Jean Emish, The Undevelopment of Capitalism. Sectors and Markets in Fifteenth-Century Tuscany, Temple UP 2009 [G] |
