Dutch Republic | Liege |
|
From 1395 to 1477 the Dukes of Burgundy pursued the policy of "collecting" the various territories of the Netherlands under
their rule, creating a polity which established institutions of central administration, the court in Brussels, the Grand Council
in Mechelen (Malines), the university in Leuven (Louvain), while the various territories (the Duchies of Brabant,
Limburg, Luxemburg, the Counties of Artois, Hainaut, Namur, Flanders, Zeeland, Holland) maintained a considerable
degree of autonomy, defended by their territorial parliaments (Staten / Estates). In 1477 Charles the Bold, the last of the Burgundian Dukes, died. His daughter Margaret married future Emperor Maximilian of Habsburg, and after her death the Burgundian Netherlands became the Habsburg Netherlands. Meanwhile the Habsburg administration continued the policy of "collecting" Dutch territories under their rule, adding Gelre, Utrecht, Overijssel, Drenthe, Groningen and Friesland to the list. In 1556 Emperor Charles V., upon his retirement, divided the Habsburg possessions (which under him had been greatly increased) among his brother Ferdinand and his son Philip, thus creating the Austrian and the Spanish lines of the Habsburg Dynasty. The Netherlands were allocated to the Spanish Line. King Philip II. resided in Madrid. In regard to the Netherlands, he pursued a policy of enforcing new taxation, of fighting Protestantism and of infringing on territorial priviliges. These policies provoked the Dutch Revolt, which evolved into the Durch War for Independence (1579-1648). It resulted in the Netherlands being split in the Northern Netherlands (Dutch Republic) and the Southern or Spanish Netherlands. The Spanish Netherlands (also referred to as "the Southern Netherlands), as of 1648, comprised of Flanders (except Dutch-occupied Staats Vlaanderen), Brabant (except for Dutch-occupied Noord Brabant), the Spanish-held parts of Limburg and Gelre, all of Artois, Hainaut, Namur and Luxemburg. The territory of the Spanish Netherlands was disected by the Prince-Bishopric of Liege, which isolated the territories of Limburg, Gelre and Luxemburg from the bulk. From 1667 onward, the Spanish Netherlands became one of the prime targets of French expansionism; with Spain no longer being capable of defending its territories, the European powers created alliances to counter the French. In 1713, Spain ceded the Spanish Netherlands to Austria, the Spanish Netherlands thus becoming the Austrian Netherlands. The Spanish Netherlands, 1600-1713 Reformation : Suppression of Protestantism Unification of the Netherlands : The Habsburg Period, 1515-1580 Unification of the Netherlands : The Burgundian Period, 1384-1515 Middle Ages : The Netherlands before the Burgundians, 1300-1490 Middle Ages : The Netherlands and the Sea Demographic History : Belgium Historical Atlas : Belgium Page Students' Paper : Lee, Eun Soo, Battleground Belgium (2008) Students' Paper : Kang, Jun-suk, Comparative Urban History : Brugge, Antwerpen and Amsterdam (2008) |
E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
Biography | Others |
D o c u m e n t s |
Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles | current |
Southern Netherlands, from Wikipedia Article Zuidelijke Nederlanden, Spaanse Nederlanden, from Wikipedia Dutch edition Article Pays-Bas Meridionaux, Pays-Bas Espagnols, from Wikipedia French edition Article : Paises Bajos Espanoles, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
historical |
Links, on History |
from Virtual Library History;
Archeonet.BE Category : History of Belgium, from Wikipedia |
Historical Dictionaries |
Timelines |
Timeline of Belgian History, from timelines.ws, detailed Timeline of Burgundian and Habsburg acquisitions in the Low Countries, from Wikipedia |
Accounts of History |
Note : for publications which cover the Spanish Netherlands as a chapter in the history of Belgium, see under
Belgium Southern Netherlands, from Wikipedia Article Zuidelijke Nederlanden, Spaanse Nederlanden, from Wikipedia Dutch edition Article Pays-Bas Meridionaux, Pays-Bas Espagnols, from Wikipedia French edition Article : Paises Bajos Espanoles, from Wikipedia Spanish edition The Netherlands, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1911 edition, scroll down for extensive article on Spn. Netherlands |
Specific Periods |
Article : Reorganisation religieuse
des Pays-Bas espagnols, from Wikipedia French edition Nestor Considerant, Histoire de la revolution du XVIme siecle dans les Pays-bas (1860; earlier in 1851 published under the title : Etudes sur la revolution du XVIme si?cle dans les Pays-bas espagnols, in French, posted on Internet Archive E.E. Gossart, Espagnols et Flamands au XVIe siecle. L'etablissement du re?gime espagnol dans les Pays-Bas et l'insurrection, 1905, Espagnols et Flamands au 16e siecle : la domination espagnole dans les Pays-Bas a la fin du regne de Philippe II, 1906, posted on Internet Archive |
Military |
Note : for publications which cover the Spanish Netherlands as a chapter in the history of Belgium, see under
Belgium De Bello Belgico (on Dutch Revolt) Category Military History of Belgium, from Wikipedia The War of the Grand Alliance (1688-1697) and the Battle of Steenkerke 1692, from Iain Kerr's Home Page The Battle of Blenheim 1704, Chapter XI from Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, by Edward Shepherd Creasy, posted by Pierre Sandboge |
Economy & Finances |
Note : for publications which cover the Spanish Netherlands as a chapter in the history of Belgium, see under
Belgium A Global History of Currencies : Belgium Histoire de la Numismatique et de la Monnaie en Belgique; Tot de Laatste Frank (Until the Last Franc), by K. Driessens, history of money in Belgium, in Dutch, richly illustrated Spanish Netherlands, Coin History 1598-1621, by Marc Nollet Antwerp : the Stock Exchange, from Trabel Articles Brussels-Charleroi Canal : History, Category : Canals in Belgium, from Wikipedia Belgium Index, from Showcaves, lists a number of historic mines History of Gem Cutting Regions : Antwerp, from khulsey.com A Short History of Lace, from Lace - Tapestries (on Belgian lace); Medieval Cloth Trade in Flanders & Artois, from The Other Side Belgian Breweries - Their History, Their Beers, from European Beer Guide Paul Servais, Common Lands and Social Transformations : the Ardenne between 1750 and 1900, IEHC 2006 Heidi Deneweth, The Economic Situation and its Influence on Building and Re-Building Work in Bruges during the 16th-18th Centuries, IEHC 2006 David G. Schwartz, A New Deal. Bruges Burghers and Venetian Merchants Invent Mercantile Gambling, IEHC 2006 Wilfrid Brulez, L'Exportation des Pays-Bas vers l'Italie par voie de terre, au milieu du XVIe siecle, Annales. Economies, Societes, Civilisations 1959 pp.461-491 God en Goud. De situatie van de lombarden in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden van de zestiende eeuw. (God and Gold. The situation of the Lombards in the Southern Netherlands in the 16th Century.) by Sebastien Conard, diss. Gent 2004, in Dutch Bruno Blonde, Ilja van Damme, Consumer and Retail "Revolutions", Perspectives from a Declining Urban Economy. Antwerp in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century, IEHC 2006 Michael Limberger, Private Money, Urban Finance and the State : Antwerp in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, IEHC 2006 |
Ethnography |
Languages of Belgium, from Ethnologue Le francais en Wallonie et a Bruxelles aux XVIIe. et XVIIIe. siecles (French language in Wallonia and Brussels in the 17th, 18th Century), by Daniel Drioxhe, goes beyond title; in French, explains how French became the dominant language in Belgium Article Languages of Belgium, from Wikipedia Article Demographics of Belgium, from Wikipedia |
Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Belgium, from Kirken i Norge The Various Christian Communities in Belgium, from Wederkerigheid, with contact addresses, brief histories etc.; Alden Oreck, Jewish Virtual History Tour : Belgium, from Jewish Virtual Library Article Religion in Belgium, from Wikipedia Category Religion in Belgium, from Wikipedia Jansenius and Jansenism, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1911 edition Heksenprocessen in de kasselrij Oudenaarde (Witch trials in the castle district of Oudenaarde), by J. Monballyu, in Dutch, most cases destcribed between 1570 and 1640 J.F. de Jonghe, Belgium Dominicanum, 1719, in Latin, GB Entry : Antwerp (Belgium), Flanders (Belgium), from GAMEO |
History of Regions | from the Dutch secession |
Articles Seventeen Provinces,
County of Flanders,
Duchy of Brabant,
County, Duchy and Grand Duchy of Luxemburg,
Duchy of Guelders,
Duchy of Limburg,
County of Namur,
County of Artois,
County of Hainaut, from Wikipedia Articles Zeventien Provinciën, Graafschap Vlaanderen, Hertogdom Brabant, Hertogdom Luxemburg, Staten van Limburg en de Landen van Overmaas, Graafschap Namen, Graafschap Artesië, Graafschap Henegouwen, Doornik en het Doornikse, Hertogdom Gelre, from Wikipedia Dutch edition Articles Dix-Sept Provinces, Duche de Brabant, Duche de Limbourg, Duche de Luxembourg, Duche de Gueldre, Comte de Flandre, Comte d'Artois, Comte de Hainaut, Comte de Namur, from Wikipedia French Edition Petit Histoire du Nord, from Region Nord-Pas du Calais Flanders in the Spanish Empire, from History of Flanders |
Local History |
H. Pirenne, Belgian Democracy : it's early history, 1915, IA Geschiedenis van Brussel, from Digitaal Brussel, in Dutch Marcel Huon, Parochiekroniek van O.L.Vrouwparochie van Diest (Parish Chronicle of St. Mary's in Diest), posted by Pierre Trouillez; while local history, a lot of details on Belgian history in general; scroll down, in Dutch Articles : Aalst : History, Antwerp : History (Antwerpen), Ath : History, Bastogne : History, Bruges : History (Brugge), Brussels : History, Charleroi : History, Ghent : History (Gent), Liege : History, Mons : History, Namur : History, Ostend : History (Oostende), Ypres : History (Ieper), from Wikipedia De Oostenrijkers in Brussel (1700-1790), from Digitaal Brussel |
Institutions |
Article : Grand conseil des Pays-Bas a Malines,
from Wikipedia French edition; Grote Raad van Mechelen,
from Wikipedia Dutch edition, Great Council of Mechelen Articles Universiteit Leuven, from Wikipedia Dutch edition, Ancienne Universite de Louvain (1425-1797), from Wikipedia French edition, Old University of Louvain, from Wikipedia Structurae : Belgium |
Culture |
Articles Flemish Language,
Walloon Language : History, from Wikipedia Article Flemish Literature, from Wikipedia |
Biographies |
click here List of Belgians, from Wikipedia; Biographies of Belgian and Luxemburgian Saints, from Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon, in German; Famous Belgians, 247 English-language biographies; Dictionnaire des Personalites, from Brabant Wallon Belgian painters, from Olga's Gallery The Archdukes in Brussels, Albrecht and Isabella 1598-1621, article by Pauline Croft, Royal Museums for Art and History, Brussels Biographie Nationale [Belgium], vol.2 1868, vol.3 1872, vol.5 1876, vol.12 1893, vol.17 1903, in French, posted on Internet Archive; volumes 1 - 44 as well as Nouveau Biographie Nationale vol.1 - 8, 1866 -2005 posted by Academie Royale de Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique |
Special Topics |
Notable events in the meteorological history of the Province of Antwerp, from
meteo.be; in Dutch; other provinces clickable Claire Quetelet, De evolutie van de levensverwachting in Belgie, 18de - 20ste eeuw (The Evolution of Life Expectancy in Belgium, from the 18th to the 20th century), thesis Univ. Gent 2005, in Dutch Category Disasters in Belgium, from Wikipedia Thomas de Wolf, De Visie van Reizigers op Brabant en Mechelen, ethesis 2004 Ph.J.B. O'Kelly, Receuil analytique des edits, placards, et ordonnances heraldiques des Pays-Bas Espagnols et Autrichiens, 1865, posted on Internet Archive Albert Waddington, La republique des Provinces-Unies, la France & les Pays-Bas espagnols de 1630 a 1650 1895, posted on Internet Archive |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon);
from Rulers (B. Schemmel);
from Regnal Chronologies, scroll down for Belgium Titles of European Rulers : Belgium Liste des souverains des Pays-Bas espagnols et autrichiens, Liste des gouverneurs des Pays-Bas espagnols et autrichiens, Liste des ministres plenipotentiaires des Pays-Bas autrichiens, from Wikipedia French edition |
Lists of Ambassadors | to Brussels |
List of Ambassadors from the
United Kingdom to Belgium (1600-) 1830-, from Wikipedia |
Lists of Bishops |
Lijst van Aartsbisschoppen van Mechelen, from
Wikipedia Dutch edition List of Bishops of Ghent, from Wikipedia Lijst van Bisschoppen van Antwerpen, van Brugge, van Ieper (Ypres), van Namen (Namur), from Wikipedia Dutch edition |
Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Belgium, from Population Statistics
by Jan Lahmeyer |
Economic Statistical Data |
Spanish Netherlands : Prices and Wages, from
Pierre Marteau |
Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Kranten (Newspapers), from Belgica Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers], scroll down for Belgium |
Image Databanks |
Europeana Wikimedia Commons Photos of Belgian historical monuments, by Jean Servais Henri Colemonts Spanish Netherlands, Pictures, by Marc Nollet |
Archival Deposits |
L.P. Gachard, Inventaire des archives des Chambres des comptes
vol.1 1837,
vol.2 1845,
vol.3 1851, in French, GB L.P. Gachard, Inventaire des cartes et plans, manuscrits et grav?, qui sont conserv? aux archives g??ales du royaume, 1848, in French, GB |
Constitutions, Laws |
Regelgeving in de Nederlanden, database of documents on regional
and local law history, site in Dutch, as are most documents, a few in French |
Treaties |
K. Martens, Recueil manuel et pratique de traites, conventions et autres actes diplomatiques, : sur lesquels sont etablis
les relations et les rapports existant aujourd'hui entre les divers etats souvernains du globe, depuis l'annee 1760 jusqu'a l'epoque actuelle,
vol.1 : index, list of treaties until 1760, docs 1761-1814, 1846,
posted on Internet Archive M. Tetot, Repertoire des Traites de Paix, de Commerce, d'Alliance etc., Conventions et autres Actes conclus entre tous les Puissances du Globe, principalement depuis la Paix de Westphalie jusqu'a notre jours, I : Tableau Chronologique 1493-1866, 1866, posted on Internet Archive |
Document Collections |
Primary Documents : Belgium, from Eurodocs;
from psm-data;
from Historische Teksten (in Dutch);
Documents relatifs au duche de Bouillon, 1484-1825, from
Heraldica, many document excerpts pertaining to Bouillon, in French Joseph Hansen, Rheinische Akten zur Geschichte des Jesuitenordens, 1542-1582, 1896, in German, posted on Internet Archive Camille Wampach (ed.), Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit., 10 volumes 1935-1955, in German, posted by Luxemburgensia Online Prosper Cuypers van Velthoven, Documents pour servir a l'histoire des troubles religieux du xvime siecle dans le Brabant 1858, posted on Internet Archive Legenden en Sagen van Belgie, in Dutch Ch.15 : De Scriptoribus Rerum Belgicarum, pp.353-390 in B.G. Struve, Selecta bibliotheca historica, 1705, in Latin, GB ; a catalogue of narrative historical sources L.P. Gachard (ed.), Actes des ?ats g??aux de 1600 [et 1632], vol.1 1849, vol.2 1853, GB L.P. Gachard (ed.), Actes des Etats G??aux de 1632 vol.1 1853, vol.2 1866, GB Liste chronologique des ?its et ordonnances des Pays-Bas Autrichiens, de la Principaut?de Li?e et de la Principaut?de Stavelot et de Malm?y vol.1 1851, vol.2 1853, vol.3 1858, vol.4 1860, in French, GB J.M. Wouters, Livre des placcarts, ?its, reglemens, tarifs, ordonnances et decrets emanees depuis l'an MDCLXX pour la perception & conservation des Droits de tonlieu, d'entree, de sortie, de transit & autres, appartenant a sa Majeste Imperiale & Catholique, Prince Souverain des ces Pays-Bas, 1737, in French, GB L.P. Gachard, Lettres ?rites par les souverains des Pays-Bas aux ?ats de ces provinces depuis Philippe II jusqu'?Fran?is II (1559-1794) 1851, GB |
Individual Documents |
Portraits of Archduke Ernst of Austria, Stadholder since 1592;
Pedro Enriquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes,
Stadholder 1595-1596,
Albrecht the Pious, Archfuke of Austria, Stadholder 1596- ;
Juan d'Austria, Stadholder 1576,
Alessandro Farnese, from Dominicus Custos, Atrium heroicum
Caesarum, regum, [...] imaginibus [...] illustr[atum]. Pars 1-4.Augsburg: M. Manger, J. Praetorius, 1600-1602, posted by MATEO, Univ. Mannheim L'Histoire de l'Archiduc Albert, Gouverneur General et puis Prince Souverain de la Belgique, 1693, from ABU : la Bibliotheque Universelle, in French |
Historical Maps |
click here Atlas of Belgium, from Wikimedia Commons Map of the Netherlands at the Death of Elizabeth I. (1603), Flanders and Brabant, 1690-1696 (features mainly places, roads etc.), Map of the Netherlands 1702, from Gardiner's Atlas of English History, 1892 posted by Livingston County MI Historical Maps of Brabant, from Jacob Aertsz, De Vyerige Colom, posted on the Brabant Homepage Interactive map, featuring the French-Spanish border in Artois-Flanders after the Treaties of 1659, 1668, 1678, 1713, from Region Nord-Pas de Calais Map : Pays-bas espagnols, 1648, from Region Nord-Pas de Calais Peeter Heyns, Le Miroir du Monde, Amsterdam 1598, based on Ortelius, clickable maps : Brabantia, Flandria Maritima, Flandria, Flandria Imperialis, Flandris Liberae Territorium, Gives, Hornia, Lvczenburgum, Hannonia et Namur, Mechliniae Territorium, Wasia; posted by MATEO, Univ. Mannheim |
Documents | Parliamentary Debates |
Deutsche Reichstagakten, vol.1 : 1376-1387, 1867,
vol.2 : 1388-1397, 1874,
vol.3 : 1397-1400, 1877,
vol.4 : 1400-1401, 1882,
vol.5 : 1401-1405, 1885,
vol.6 : 1406-1410, 1888,
vol.7 : 1410-1420, 1878,
vol.8 : 1421-1426, 1883,
vol.9 : 1427-1431, 1887,
vol.10 : 1431-1433, 1906,
vol.11 : 1433-1435, 1898,
vol.12 : 1435-1437, 1901,
Jüngere Reihe, vol.1 1893,
vol.2 1893, posted on Internet Archive |
Institutions | Archives |
State Archives in Belgium, from arch.arch.be Repositories of Primary Sources : Europe : Belgium, from Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages Historical Research in Europe, listing of archives; click Atlas Search, Belgium, 90 entries |
Musea | Lists, Links |
Category : Museums in Belgium, from Wikipedia Musea, from research.be Links from Vrije Universiteit Brussel (musea etc.) |
Musea | Museum Websites |
Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and of Military History, Brussels, Belgium |
Monuments |
Category : Monuments and memorials in Belgium,
from Wikipedia UNESCO World Heritage Site, List (search for Belgium), Tentative Lists : Belgium |
Libraries |
Libraries in Belgium, from LibDex History of the Belgian National Library, from The European Library Royal Library of Belgium, site in French / Dutch |
State Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Ensign c.1520-1701, from FOTW |
Coins |
Collection of 71 Coins from France, Brabant etc., 12th to 21st century, from
Money Museum Search Coin Archives for Spanish Netherlands Coins and Medals, from Belgica Spanish Netherlands, Coin Catalogue 1598-1621, by Marc Nollet Spanish Netherlands, Jeton Catalogue 1598-1621, by Marc Nollet List of coins issued for the Spanish Netherlands under Albrecht and Isabel, Philip IV., Pt.1, Philip IV., Pt.2, Philip IV., Pt.3, Philip IV., Pt.4, Charles II., Pt.1, Charles II., Pt.2, Philip V., Charles III., in Dutch, no images |
PRINTED REFERENCE |
Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies) (site in German, most titles listed in English;
numerous entries; publications mostly since 1970) RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library |
on Belgium. |
Bibliography on Belgian History, from Nouvelle Histoire;
almost exclusively French language titles; not a single title in Flemish. detailed Bibliography : Holdings on Belgian Studies of British Library Belgian Bibliography, from the Royal Library at Brussels, in Dutch, in French Suggesties voor Verhandelingen (suggestions for doctoral theses), from KADOC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, in Dutch ODIS, Onderzoekssteunpunt Databank Intermediaire Structuren Vlaanderen 19e -20e eeuw (Research support databank intermediary structures Flanders, 19th-20th century); rich source of information Belgien, from Computatio Belgian Editions, printed before 1801, on the Market, from BelEdiMar; a databank, not a sales site |
Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online |
on Belgium |
Belgica, Digital Library of the Kingdom of Belgium E-Thesis, Licentiaatsverhandelingen on-line (doctoral theses online; Belgian, on history only, in Dutch) University of Liege, ORBi - Open Repository Bibliography; Theses et E-Prints |
Online Journals | full text online |
Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis 2004-2009 Revue Belge d'Histoire Contemporaine, 1969- Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Chartes 1840- Annuaire statistique et historique belge, 1854, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1867, in French, posted on Internet Archive |
Table of Contents Online |
Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire, 1922- Zeitschriftenmagazin : Zeitschrift des Eupener Geschichtsvereins (Bulletin de la Societe Eupenoise d'Historique) 1951-1956, posted by S. Jenks |
Online Yearbooks | full text online |
The Present State of Europe, or the Political and Historical Mercuries, containing all the Publick and Private Occurrences, Civil,
Ecclesiastical and Military, that are most considerable in every court,
vol.1 1690,
vol.2 1691,
vol.3 1692,
vol.4 1693,
vol.5 1694,
vol.6 1695,
vol.7 1696,
vol.8 1697,
vol.9 1698,
vol.10 1699,
vol.12, 1701,
vol.14, 1703,
vol.16, 1705,
vol.17, 1706,
vol.18, 1707,
vol.20, 1709,
vol.22, 1711, GB Europische mercurius, vol.1, 1690, vol.2, 1691, vol.3, 1692, vol.4, 1693, vol.5, 1694, vol.6, 1695, vol.8, 1697, vol.9, 1698, vol.10, 1699, vol.11, 1700, vol.12, 1701, vol.13, 1702, vol.14, 1703, vol.15, 1704, vol.16, 1705, vol.17, 1706, vol.19, 1708, vol.20, 1709, vol.21, 1710, vol.22, 1711, vol.23, 1712, vol.24, 1713, vol.25, 1714, in Dutch, GB |
General Accounts |
J.C.H. Blom and E. Lamberts, History of the Low Countries, N.Y.: Berghahn 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 949.3 B653h Article Belgium. from Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Vol.14 (Macropaedia) pp.857-871, KMLA Lib. Call Sign R 032 B862h v.14 Eric Vanneufville, Le Coq et le Lion, book review by Malte Woydt, in German Atlas Culturel et Historique de Belgique, Bruxelles : Elsevier 1954, richly illustrated, in French [G] H.P.H. Jansen, Kalendarium Geschiedenis van de Lage Landen in Jaartallen (History of the Low Countries Year by Year), Utrecht/Antwerpen : Het Spektrum (1971) 4th print 1979, 271 pp., in Dutch [G] Demetrius C. Boulger, The History of Belgium, 2 parts, Elibron Classics (1902) 2005, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 949.3 B763h |
Economic, Social History |
J.A. van Houtte, Schets van een Economische Geschiedenis van Belgie, Leuven : Universitas 1943, 267 pp., in Dutch, [G] |
Military History |
Geoffrey Parker, The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road 1567-1659, Cambridge : UP 1972 [G] |
Document Edition |
Memo from Belgium : Documents Illustrating the History of Belgium, ed. Th. Maes et al., Brussels : Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2 volumes, 1978, in total
324 documents in English translation, from the Stone Age to recent times |
Histotrical Dictionary |
Robert Stallaerts, Historical Dictionary of Belgium, London : Scarecrow 1999, 303 pp.; KMLA Lib. Call Sign R 949.3 S782h |