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First settled between 2500 and 1500 B.C.; the first European to visit the islands was Dutchman
Jakob Roggeveen 1722; he called Samoa The Navigators Islands, a name which stuck with
them far into the 19th century. The first missionaries arrived in the 1830s. The Tripartite Convention of 1900 partitioned Samoa into American Samoa, Western Samoa (1900-1919 German). Germany ceded two of the Solomon Islands to Britain, and Germany and the U.S. acquiesced in a British protectorate over Tonga and Niue, For the history from 1900 onward, see under American Samoa, Western Samoa. Samoa 1830-1899 Timeline : (Western) Samoa Historical Atlas, Samoa Page Student Papers : Lee, Yeonhwa, Samoa 1899 as portrayed in "Punch" |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles |
Marie Frasier, In Stephenson's Samoa (1895), posted by Internet
Archive M.I. Stephenson, Letters from Samoa (1906), posted by Internet Archive Siegfried Genthe, Samoa (1908), in German, posted by Internet Archive Grégoire-Louis Domeny De Rienzi, Oceanie ou cinquieme partie du monde vol.1, 1836, vol.2, 1836, in French, GB; search for Samoa |
| Links | General |
from BUBL Category : Samoa, from Wikipedia |
| on History |
Category : History of Samoa, from Wikipedia |
| Organizations |
Pacific History Association Fellowship of Samoa Specialists (Philately) Pacific Islands Museums and Cultural Institutions Association (PIMA) Pacific Islands Study Circle (Philately) |
| Historical Dictionaries |
Archaeopedia New Zealand |
| Timelines |
Timeline of Samoan history, from BBC News, from
timelines.ws; from
Jane's Oceania |
| Accounts of History | General, Modern |
from samoa.co.uk Article History of Samoa, from Wikipedia History, from Independent State of Western Samoa Geschichte von Samoa, from Savai.de |
| General, Historical |
R.M. Watson, History of Samoa (1918), posted by IA,
also by samoa.co.uk M. Russell, Polynesia: a history of the South Sea islands, including New Zealand ; with narrative of the introduction of christianity, 1852, GB |
| Specific Periods |
Articles Samoan Crisis,
Samoan Civil War, from Wikipedia R.L. Stephenson, A Footnote to History : Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa (1912), posted by Internet Archive also by World Wide School S. Masterman, The Origins of International Rivalry in Samoa, 1845-1884, 1934, from New Zealand Electronic Text Centre |
| Politics |
Political Resources on the Net : Croatia,
Governments on the WWW : Samoa,
Article Politics of Samoa, from Wikipedia C.F. Littell, The neutralization of states; a study in diplomatic history and international law, 1920, IA; pp.74-83 on Samoa |
| Military |
Wars of Western Samoa 1800-1999, from ACED
(no entries) Samoa is listed among the countries without armed forces (Wikipedia) Samoan Civil War 1898-1899, in : Wars of 1899, from The History Guy, scroll down The Samoan Conflict 1899, from Jane's Samoa Home Page Minor Military Deployments and Actions 1833-1992, from Simonides Warzone, US troop deployments, in part on Samoa Armed Conflict Event Data : Samoan Civil War 1893-1894, Samoan Civil War 1898-1899, from OnWar.com Robert Louis Stevenson, on the Samoan War of 1893, from Samoan Sensation |
| Economy & Finances |
A Global History of Currencies :
Samoa (Western) Article : Economy of Samoa, from Wikipedia |
| Ethnography |
Languages of Samoa (2), from Ethnologue World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Samoa |
| Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Samoa, from Kirken i Norge History, from The Baha'i House of Worship Samoa |
| History of Regions |
Districts of Samoa, from www.statoids.com Articles Savai'i, Upolu, from Wikipedia |
| Local History |
Articles Apia : History, from Wikipedia |
| Institutions |
| Biographies |
List of Samoans, from Wikipedia |
| Others |
Category : Disasters in Samoa, from Wikipedia Articles : Samoa at the Olympics, Sport in Samoa, from Wikipedia Oceania Ecoregion, from WWF |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
World Statesmen : (Western) Samoa by Ben Cahoon;
from Rulers (B. Schemmel);
from Regnal Chronologies,
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated) |
| List of Consuls |
The Political Graveyard : Samoa, has incomplete list of 19th century
U.S. consuls in Apia |
| Lists of Bishops |
Article : Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Samoa-Apia,
from Wikipedia |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Western Samoa, from Population Statistics,
posted by Jan Lahmeyer; has data prior to 1900 |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Search Papers Past
(New Zealand Newspapers 1839-1920) Historic Australian Newspapers 1803-1954 Some Aspects of the Samoan Question, by George H. Bates, in : The Century; a popular quarterly. / Volume 37, Issue 6, pp.945-949, Apr. 1889 from Cornell Difital Library Our Relations to Samoa, by George H. Bates, in : The Century; a popular quarterly. / Volume 38, Issue 1, pp.25-34, May 1889, from Cornell Digital Librart Our Interest in Samoa, by Hon. Henry C. Ide, in : The North American review. / Volume 165, Issue 489, pp.155-174, Aug. 1897, from Cornell Digital Library The Imbroglio in Samoa, by Henry C. Ide: in : The North American review. / Volume 168, Issue 511, pp.679-694, June 1899, from Cornell Digital Library Selection of 8 19th century articles on Samoa, from Samoan Sensation |
| Image Databanks |
Wikimedia Commons Images of Samoa, from Pacific Picture Agency Images of Samoa, 1881, The Graphic : No.9, No.10, No.11, No.12, posted by Samoan Sensation Images on Samoa 1887, from the Graphic : No.1, No.2, No.3, No.4, No.5, No.6, No.7, No.8 posted by Samoan Sensation Illustrations from precolonial, colonial and postcolonial (W.) Samoa, from Germans in Samoa : Gender and Race, a project at Whitman College Cartoon : Bismarck holding the earth and reaching for Samoa while ignoring U.S. protests by Bayard and Whitney, from Library of Congress Graphs : German, British, American shipping to Samoa, 1860-1885, scan posted by Germans in Samoa, Gender and Race 1880es prints featuring Samoa, from Samoan Sensation Print : La Perouse on Samoa, from Samoan Sensation |
| Archival Deposits |
Samoan Archives, General Description, from National Register of Archives and
Manuscripts, Wellington, New Zealand Search National Archives (UK), Archives New Zealand for Samoa |
| Constitutions, Laws |
| Treaties |
Affaires de Samoa, pp.306-336 in vol.4 of
Archives diplomatiques: recueil mensuel de diplomatie, 1900, GB Treaties pertaining to Samoa, pp.63-128, 273-277 in Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America 1776-1949 vol.1 : Multilateral, 1776-1917, 1968, GB Treaties, Cessions and Federal Laws, from www.asbar.org Treaty with Samoa 1887, from Hawaiian Kingdom Reports of International Arbitrary Awards : Samoan Claims (Germany, Great Britain, United States) 1902, from United Nations Freundschaftsvertrag zwischen dem Deutschen Reich und Samoa 1879, from Wikisource German edition Commercial Relations made by the Principal Chiefs of the Samoan or Navigators' Islands, 1839, pp.52-54 in vol.33 of British and foreign state papers 1844-1845, 1859, GB |
| Consular Reports |
Commercial relations of the United States with foreign countries : Navigator Islands
1856, 1857, p.393,
1857, 1858, pp.203-204,
1862, 1863, p.607,
1864, 1865, pp.691-692,
1865, 1866, pp.555-556,
1866, 1867, pp.546-547,
1867, 1868, pp.720-721,
1868, 1869, pp.638-639, GB Consular Despatch from the Navigator Islands, p.75 in The Sessional Papers Printed by Order of the House of Lords, 1855, GB J.C. Williams, Report on the Trade of the Navigator Islands for 1867, pp.399-400 in vol.6 of Reports from Her Majesty's consuls on the manufactures, commerce etc., 1868, GB A.B. Steinberger, Report Upon Samoa: Or, the Navigation's Island, Made to the Secretary of State (1874), posted by Internet Archive |
| Document Collections |
Search Papers Past for Samoa (online archive of New Zealand
newspapers 1839-1920) Search Hansard for Samoa Samoa: Commerce, Consular Rights, Shipping - November 5, 1839, from Avalon Project at Yale Law School; also from Samoan Sensation Letter Dec. 11th 1839 from Samoa, by Lt. William Reynolds, from Samoan Sensation Typhoons and Hurricanes: The Storm at Apia, Samoa, 15-16 March 1889, 2 Docs, from Navy Historical Center; also from Samoan Sensation Search The public papers of Grover Cleveland 1889, GB, for Samoa German Diplomatic Documents : Samoa 1898-1899, from Mt. Holyoke |
| Historical Maps |
click here 1851 map, from Samoan Sensation, from Tallis Atlas Samoa 1896 (Cram), posted by Wikipedia Map : Eur. Plantations on Samoa, 1880es, scan posted by Germans in Samoa : Gender and Race, a project at Whitman College |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
Article : Schifferinseln (i.e. navigators islands), from
Pierer's Universal-Lexikon 1857-1865, posted by Zeno, in German;
Article : Samoa,
from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892,
posted by Retro Bibliothek, in German;
from Meyers Grosses Konversationslexikon 1902-1909,
posted by Zeno, in German Article : Samoa, from Classic Encyclopedia (Britannica 1911 edition), from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907-1912 edition |
| Religious |
Article : Samoa, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907-1912 edition Samoa Islands, pp.269-275 in C.F. Blumhardt, Christian missions: or a manual of missionary geography and history, 1799, GB |
| Economic |
| Geographical |
Navigator Islands, pp.687-688 in vol.2 of
A system of geography, 1807, GB Navigators' Islands, pp.628-630 in C. Malte-Brun, Universal Geography, 1822, GB Navigators' Islands, pp.164-165 in vol.3 of H. Murray et al., The encyclopædia of geography, 1837, GB Samoa or Navigator's Islands, pp.898- in A.G. Findlay, A Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean, 1851, GB Article : Samoa, from Stefan Ankjaer, Geografisk-Statistisk Lexikon 1858-1863, posted by Project Runeberg, in Danish Article : Samoa-öarna, from Nordisk Familjebok 1876-1899 (1890), posted by Project Runeberg, in Swedish |
| Historical |
Archipel de Samoa, pp.20-24 in vol.2 of G.L.D. de Rienzi,
L'Univers: histoire et description de tous les peuples, 1837, in French, GB |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
Ch. Wilkes,Narrative of the United States exploring expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841 and 1842,
vol.2, 1856, GB, search for Samoa J.E. Erskine, Journal of a cruise among the islands of the western Pacific, 1853, GB |
| Residence Memoirs |
Missionary life in Samoa: as exhibited in the journals
of the late George Archibald Lundie, 1846, GB W.B. Churchward, My Consulate in Samoa: A Record of Four Years' Sojourn in the Navigators Islands (1887), posted on Internet Archive F. Wohltmann, Pflanzung und Siedlung auf Samoa (1904, in German), posted by Internet Archive |
| Archives, Musea, Libraries |
| National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW |
| Coins, Banknotes |
| Stamps |
Samoan Postal History, from Fellowship of Samoa Specialists Samoa, from The New Zealand Dependencies Website, detailed postal history The German Postal Agency on Samoa, from The New Zealand Dependencies Website |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies), keyword Brunei (site in German, most titles listed in English;
hundreds of entries; publications mostly since 1970) RHS Bibliography Search UK National Archive Online Library for Samoa List of Books on Samoan history, from samoa.co.uk |
| Online Libraries | General |
Gutenberg Library Online,
Internet Archive Persee (French search engine) New Zealand Digital Library New Zealand Electronic Text Centre |
| Online Journals | On Oceania |
Journal of the Polynesian Society 1892-1991 |
| Historiography |
Article : Pacific Islands Historiography, by K.R. Howe, pp.685-687, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
| General Accounts | On Oceania |
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.25, pp.297-299
Article Pacific Islands : Samoa. KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.25 |
| On Samoa |
| Historical Dictionaries |
Robert D. Craig and Franklin P. King, Historical Dictionary of Oceania, Westport CT : Greenwood 1981 [G] |
| Historical Atlas |
Colin McEvedy, The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Pacific,
London : Penguin 1998, 120 pp. [G] |
| Statistical Data |
IHS : B.R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics. Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750-2000, London : Palgrave 2003 [G] |
