Gubernia Podolia | Gubernia Kherson |
|
History and Administrative Division .
Prior to 1812 part of the
Principality of Moldavia respectively Budjak (which again was part of the
Ottoman Vilayet of Silistra, a province of the
Ottoman Empire. Created as Bessarabia Oblast in 1812. Following the defeat in the Crimean War, the Russian Empire ceded a stretch of land, also referred to as Bessarabia, on the left bank of the lower Pruth and Danube Rivers, with Izmail, to Moldavia (Romania); in 1878, Romania ceded the area back to the Russian Empire. Elevated to Bessarabia Gubernia in 1873, dissolved in 1917-1925. In 1918 annexed by Romania, ceded to the USSR (Moldova, Ukraine) in 1940 and again in 1944. In c.1890, Bessarabia Gubernia was divided into 7 Uyezds - Akkerman, Bender, Bieltsy, Khotin, Kishinev, Orgeyev, Soroki (Meyer; by 1906 there were eight Uyezds, Izmail having been added (EB 1911. The Zemstvo Constitution was introduced in Bessarabia in 1869. See historic encyclopedias 1809-1902 on Bessarabia's Demographic History. Population . In 1840 the population was 685,300, in 1867 1,052,000, in 1885 1,526,500, in 1914 2,657,000 (J. Lahmeyer). The population was composed of Moldavians, Russians, Serbs, Bulgarians, Greeks, Gagauz, Germans, Armenians, Tatars; by confession Romanian / Russian / Bulgarian / Serb / Greek Orthodox, Protestants, Jews, Muslims. In 1903, the Jewish population of capital Kishinev was the target of state-organized mob violence (Kishinev Pogrom), in the course of which 47 were killed, 700 houses looted; a second pogrom followed in 1905. The events triggered the emigration of part of the Jewish population. Economy . In 1884, c.50 % of the land was pastorage, c.20 % farmland, c.20 % wasteland. The most important agricultural products include grain, maize, tobacco, pumpkins, beets. Mulberry trees and vineyards were cultivated. Animal husbandry was of importance. Salt, marble, salpetre and coal were produced. In 1879 130 factories with a combined total of 894 industrial workers were counted. See historic encyclopedias 1809-1902 on Bessarabia's Economic History. Culture . Capital Kishinev was seat of a diocesis. |
E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
Biography | Others |
D o c u m e n t s |
Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles | Current |
Article Bessarabia Governorate, from Wikipedia;
Bessarabia Gubernia, from Wikipedia Russian edition Article Bessarabia, from Encyclopedia of the Ukraine Bessarabien, from BKGE, in German |
Historical |
Bessarabia, pp.149-155 in vol.2 of A. von Haxthausen, The Russian empire,
its people, institutions and resources, 1856, GB Articles : Bessarabien, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German Articles : Governments : Bessarabia, from EB 1911 |
Links | General |
Category : Bessarabia, from Wikipedia ;
Categorie : Basarabia, from Wikipedia Romanian edition ;
Kategorie : Bessarabien, from Wikipedia German edition |
on History |
Category : Governorate of Bessarabia,
History of Bessarabia, from Wikipedia Categorie : Basarabia, from Enciclopedia Romaniei, in Romanian |
Organizations |
Historical Dictionary |
Encyclopedia of Ukraine Enciclopedia Romaniei, in Romanian |
Timelines |
Google News Archive Search, search for Bessarabia |
Accounts of History | General |
Specific Periods |
Article : Moldavian Democratic Republic,
Union of Bessarabia with Romania, from Wikipedia Charles Upson Clark, Bessarabia : Russia and Roumania on the Black Sea (1927), from Electronic Text Archive Serge Dmitriyevich Urussov, Memoirs of a Russian Governor (1903), translated into English by Herman Rosenthal, from Electronic Text Archive; also on Internet Archive Z.C. Arbure, Basarabia in secolul XIX , 1898, in Romanian, IA C. Lupu, The Belonging of Basarabia to Romania and the Inter-War Romanian-Soviet Relationships as Reflected in American Diplomatic Documents |
Politics & Administration |
Article Sfatul Tarii,
Moldavian National Party, from Wikipedia Ludmila Coada, Zemstva Institution in Bessarabia : Historical and Juridical Aspects, posted by CNAA, in Romanian Silvia Dulschi, Parties and Political Organizations in Basarabia in the Period of 1905-1907 Revolution, posted by CNAA, in Romanian |
Economy & Finances |
Ludwik Tegoborski, Commentaries on the productive forces of Russia
vol.1, 1855,
vol.2, 1856, search for Bessarabia, GB Resources and Statistics of the Russian Empire, pp.411-805 in vol.2 of J. MacGregor, Commercial statistics, 1847, search for Bessarabia, GB Russia, from Official catalogue of the industrial department, London Exhibition 1862, GB ; search for Bessarabia |
Social History |
Sava Lucia, Daily Life in the Town Chisinau at the Beginning of the 20th Century,
posted by CNAA, in Romanian Scutelnic Valeriu, Social Evolutions in the Bessarabian Village after the Agrarian Reform (1868-1905), in Romanian Article Kishinev Pogrom, from Wikipedia Spring & Slaughter. Kishinev Pogrom 1903-2003 |
Ethnography |
Articles Bessarabia Germans,
Bessarabian Bulgarians,
Rusurja,
Gagauz People, from Wikipedia Languages of Ukraine, from Ethnologue Detlef Brandes, A Success Story : the German Colonists in New Russia and Bessarabia, 1787-1914, from GRHC Russification and Ethnic Consciousness of Romanians in Bessarabia, by Markus Schönherr Wilhelm Kludt, Samuel Kludt, Die deutschen Kolonisten in Bessarabien, 1900 GenWiki Digitale Bibliothek Project 2007- The Rumanyos of Wallachia, Moldavia, Bessarabia etc., pp.261-272 in R.G. Latham, The native races of the Russian empire, 1854, GB |
Religion |
Article : Metropolis of Bessarabia,
History of the Orthodox Church in Moldova,
from Wikipedia Article : Moldovan Orthodox Church, from OrthodoxWiki Jewish History of Ukraine, by Daniel Romanowski Jewish History of Moldova, from Jewish.md Article Ukrainian Orthodox Church, from Wikipedia History, from Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church Article Bessarabian Jews, from Wikipedia Arnulf Baumann, Martin Luther and Bessarabia, from GRHC Russia, from Roman Catholic Hierarchy, scroll down for Tiraspol Armenian Gregorian Church, Kishinev, Catholic Church of Kishinev, from bessarabia.ru |
History of Regions |
Articles Budjak : History,
Gagauzia : History
Pale of Settlement, from Wikipedia;
Pale of Settlement, from Jewish Virtual Library History of Gagauzia, anonymous |
Local History |
Articles Chisinau : History,
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi : History,
Soroca,
Tiraspol : History, from Wikipedia Articles Zinkiv, from Encyclopedia of Ukraine History of the Village of Krasna, Bessarabia, from GRHC |
Structures, Institutions |
Structurae : Moldova |
Culture |
Biographies |
Article Constantin Stere,
Vasile Stroiescu, from Wikipedia Article Anastasy (Gribanovsky) of Kishinev, Gavril Banulescu-Bodoni, from OrthodoxWiki |
Others |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
Article Bessarabia in the Russian Empire, from Wikipedia;
Bessarabia Gubernia, from Wikipedia Russian edition; scroll down for list of governors 1812-1917 |
Lists of Bishops |
Hierarchs of the Orthodox Church,
from Orthodox Research Institute ; search for Kishinev, Chisinau, Bessarabia Article : Archbishop of Chisinau, from Wikipedia |
Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Moldova, from Population
Statistics by Jan Lahmeyer Census of 1897 by administrative division, by language, from Demoscope, in Russian |
Documents | Historic Newspaper Articles |
Historic Annual Entries |
Annual Register vol.13 1770, 1771, pp.14-25,
vol.65 1823, 1824, p.236, GB |
Image Databanks |
Old Photos from Family Albums, from bessarabia.ru |
Document Collections |
Weaving in Bessarabia (1889/1912), from
Richard E. Wright Research Reports Korolenko Describes the Kishinev Pogrom of 1903, posted by Nicholas C.J. Pappas Berichte und Gesuche, welche an die Staatsregierung in Angelegenheiten der deutschen Landgemeinden in Suedrussland gerichtet wurden, Samuel Kludt (1882) 1898 GenWiki Digitale Bibliothek Project 2007- The Roumanian Occupation of Bessarabia 1919-1920. Documents, posted on Internet Archive Russian Liberation Committee, The Case for Bessarabia. A Collection of Documents on the Russian Occupation (c. 1919), posted on Internet Archive Bessarabia, pp.202-203 in vol.6 of The Portfolio, or a collection of State papers, 1837, GB |
Archival Deposits |
List of Archive Deposits, Moldovan National Archives, from bessarabia.ru Guide to the Hoover Institution archives, 1980, GB, position 1512 : Correspondence of A.N. Krupenski Guide to the Hanna Collection and related archival materials at the Hoover Institution Archives, 1982, GB, position 313 : Correspondence of A.N. Krupenski Russia - Belarus - Ukraine - Uzbekistan Documents, at Central Archive for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem |
Historical Maps |
Government Bessarabia etc. 1882, from FEEFHS (Blackie & Sons 1882) Bessarabia Gubernia (undated, c.1900), posted by Wikimedia Maps : Bessarabia, (Atlas Marksa, 2nd edition 1910), posted by M. Witkam Map : Russian Bessarabia 1883, from Wikipedia German edition |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Articles Bessarabien,
Ismail, from Brockhaus Conversations-Lexikon 1809, in German Bessarabia, p.72 in vol.4 of The London encyclopaedia, 1829, GB Bessarabia, p.489 in vol.3 of The Edinburgh encyclopaedia, 1830, GB Articles Bessarabien, Akjerman, Bender, Chotin, Soroki, Kischinew, Ismail, Budschak, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German Articles : Governments : Bessarabia, Cities : Akkerman, Izmail, Khotin, Kishinev, Soroki, from EB 1911 |
Religious |
Articles Bessarabia,
Akkerman,
Kishinef,
from Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 edition |
Economic |
Government of Bessarabia, pp.223-228 in vol.1 of H.A. Scammell Dearborn,
A memoir on the commerce and navigation of the Black Sea
and the Sea of Azof, 1819, GB |
Geographical |
Bessarabia, pp.126-127 in vol.4 of T.G. Smollett, The present state
of all nations, 1769, GB Bessarabia, p.178 in The London general gazetteer, or Geographical dictionary, 1825, GB Bessarabia pp.208-211 in vol.4 of C. Malte-Brun, Universal Geography, 1829, GB Bessarabia, p.110 in vol.1 of J. Bell, A system of geography, popular and scientific, 1836, GB Dniestr, Akkerman, pp.290-291 in J.W. Norie, New sailing directions for the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic or Gulf of Venice, Grecian Archipelago, and the Seas of Marmara and Azov, 2nd ed. 1841, GB Das Gouvernement Bessarabien, pp.269-272 in vol.1 of Das Russische Kaiserreich, seine Geographie, Statistik, Volks- und Regentengeschichte, 1847, in German, GB Articles Bessarabien, Akkermann, Bender, Orgejew, Kischinew, from Geografisk-Statistisk Haandbog 1858-1863, in Danish W.H. Beable, Russian gazetteer and guide, being an account of the territorial divisions and a description of over 300 of the principal towns and cities of Russia, Finland and Siberia (1919), posted on IA; Bessarabia pp.19-20 |
Ethnographic |
R.G. Latham, The nationalities of Europe,
1863, GB ; search for Bessarabia |
Historical |
Bessarabia, pp.514-520 in vol.1 of Th. Salmon,
Modern history or the present state of all nations, 1744, GB |
Parliamentary Debates | foreign |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
Tour Guides, Travelogues |
Bessarabia, pp.111-122 in Ch.B. Elliott,
Travels in the three great empires of Austria, Russia and Turkey, 1838, GB Journey through Bessarabia, pp.177-186 in E. Spencer, Travels in Circassia, Krim-Tartary &c, 1838, GB Bessarabia, pp.339-342 in L. Oliphant, The Russian shores of the Black sea in the autumn of 1852, 1854, GB |
Institutions | Archives |
Archives of Ukraine |
Musea |
National Museum of History in Chisinau,
National Museum of Ethnography and
Natural History, from World of Moldova The Farmers Museum in Friedenstal, from GRHC |
Monuments |
The Monuments of Kishinev, from Kishinev.info |
Libraries |
Article : National Library of Moldova, from Wikipedia |
Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Bessarabia Gubernia Coat of Arms, from Civic Heraldry;
from Vector Images |
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
on Bessarabia |
EBSEES (European Bibliography of Slavic and Eastern European Studies), search for Bessarabien Russian Period 1812-1917, from Moldovan Bibliographic Database Jews in Russia - Kishinev Pogrom 1903, composed by Iosif Waisman Bessarabian Newsletter Index, Bessarabian Newsletter Archive (since 1997), from GRHS |
Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
Country Specific |
Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature |
Online Journals | full text online |
General Accounts |
Specific Topics |
Historical Dictionary |
Kohut, Zenon E., Historical Dictionary of Ukraine, Rowman & Littlefield 2005, KMLA Lib.Sign. R 947.7 K79h |