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History and Administrative Division .
The territory of the Government of Grodno was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania /
of Poland-Lithuania until 1793/1795. It was an administrative unit (government) of the
Russian Empire until the Russian Revolution, following which it formed part of Poland;
from 1939 to 1941 and since 1944 the larger part of it is part of Belarus (until 1991 itself being part of the
USSR). Following the Third Polish Partition in 1795, Slonim Gubernia was founded, consisting of 8 uyezds : Brest, Volkovysk, Grodno, Kobrin, Lida, Novogrudok, Pruzhany, and Slonim uezd. In 1797, Slonim and Vilna Gubernia were merged to form the Lithuanian Gubernia, centered on Vilna. In 1801, Lithuanian Gubernia was divided, Slonim Gubernia reestablished; in 1802 Slonim Gubernia was renamed Grodno Gubernia. In 1807 the separate Bialystok region (uyezds Bialystok, Byelsk, Sokolka) was established; in 1843 Bialystok region was dissolved, Bialystok, Byelsk and Sokolka uyezds annexed into Grodno Gubernia, while the latter ceded Novogrudok Uyezd to Minsk Gubernia, Lida Uyezd to Vilna Gubernia. Grodno Gubernia bordered on Congress Poland in the west, on Vilna Gubernia in the north, on Minsk Gubernia in the east, on Volhynia Gubernia in the south. From 1843 to 1917, Grodno Gubernia was composed of 9 uyezds (districts) : Bialystok, Byelsk, Brest-Litovsk, Grodno, Kobrin, Pruzhany, Slonim, Sokolka, Volkovysk. The Zemstvo constitution was introduced in 1911. Population . In 1906 the population was 1,826,600, predominantly Belarussians, followed by Jews, Poles, Lithuanians, Germans. About 60 % were Russian Orthodox, c.26 % Roman Catholic, c.12 % Jews, followed by smaller numbers of Protestants and Muslims. Area and population were ffected by Napoleon's invasion of Russia 1812-1813, by the Polish Rebellion of 1830-1831, by the Polish Rebellion of 1863-1864, and by World War I. Economy . 39.6 % of the area was farmland, 26 % covered by forest, 20 % pastorage, the remainder swamp. Grain, potatoes and tobacco were cultivated. After Moscow Gubernia Grodno Gubernia had the second largest wool processing industry in the Russian Empire. In 1882 there were 847 factories with a combined workforce of 10,177 industrial workers. Further industries of importance included tobacco processing and distillery. Culture . The Julian Calendar was reintroduced in 1800. Historical Atlas, Belarus , Poland |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Current |
Articles :
Grodnenskaya Gubernia, from Wikipedia Russian edition |
| Historical |
Articles : Governments : Grodno, from EB 1911 Articles : Grodno, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
| Links | General |
| on History |
Grodno Gubernia, from JewishGen Belarus |
| Organizations |
| Historical Dictionary |
| Timelines |
Republic of Belarus Timeline |
| Accounts of History |
| Economy & Finances |
List of Match Factories in the Russian Empire : Grodno Gubernia, from
The Virtual Matchbox Label Museum, in Russian Russia, from Official catalogue of the industrial department, London Exhibition 1862, GB ; search for Grodno |
| Ethnography |
Languages of Belarus, from Ethnologue |
| Religion |
Via Crucis. 450 Years of Protestantism in Belarus, in English /
Belarussian / Russian History of the (Greek Catholic) Byelorussian Church, from Eastern Catholic Pastoral Association of Southern California Jewish Belarus The Jewish Virtual History Tour : Belarus Shtetls of Belarus, click Gubernia Grodno, 607 entries; posted by JewishGen |
| History of Regions |
Article Pale of Settlement, from Wikipedia;
Pale of Settlement, from Jewish Virtual Library Administrative-Territorial Division of Belarus : 18th to 20th Centuries, from Archives of Belarus |
| Local History |
Articles Hrodna : History,
Brest : History,
Slonim : History, from Wikipedia |
| Structures, Institutions |
Structurae : Belarus, Hrodna,
Brest |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
| Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Belarus, from Population
Statistics by Jan Lahmeyer |
| Documents | Document Collections |
Russia - Belarus - Ukraine - Uzbekistan Documents, at Central
Archive for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem |
| Historical Maps |
Government Grodno etc. 1882, from FEEFHS (Blackie & Sons 1882) Belarus at the end of the XIXth Century, from Belarus Guide, in Russian Map : Royaume du Pologne, (shows Grodno Gubernia; Heck, Atlas Geographique et Historique 1835), posted by M. Witkam Maps : N Grodno, S Grodno, (Atlas Marksa, 2nd edition 1910), posted by M. Witkam |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Articles : Governments : Minsk,
Grodno,
Byelostok,
Brest-Litovsk,
Slonim,
from EB 1911 Articles Weissrussen, Weissrussland, Grodno (City), Bialystok, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
| Religious |
Articles Grodno,
Bielostok,
Brest-Litovsk, from Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 edition |
| Economic |
| Geographical |
Das Gouvernement Grodno, pp.494-496 in Th. Fr. Ehrmann,
Neueste Kunde vom Russischen Reiche in Europa und Asien,
vol.3 of Neueste Länder- und Völkerkunde, 1807, in German, GB Das Gouvernement Grodno, pp.285-287 in vol.1 of Das Russische Kaiserreich, seine Geographie, Statistik, Volks- und Regentengeschichte, 1847, in German, GB |
| Historical |
| Parliamentary Debates | foreign |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Institutions | Archives |
Archives of Belarus Repositories of Primary Sources : Europe : Belarus, from Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages; 31 entries |
| Musea |
| Monuments |
| Libraries |
Libraries in Belarus, from LibDex, 5 entries |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
| on Grodno |
EBSEES (European Bibliography of Slavic and Eastern European Studies), search for Grodno |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
| Country Specific |
Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature |
| Online Journals | full text online |
| General Accounts |
| Historical Dictionary |
Jan Zaprudnik, Historical Dictionary of Belarus, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow 1998 |
