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Gubernia Oryol |
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History and Administrative Division .
Kaluga Gubernia was established in 1796. It bordered on Moscow Gubernia in the north, on
Tula Gubernia in the east, on Oryol Gubernia in the south and
on Smolensk Gubernia in the west. Kaluga Gubernia was divided in 11 districts (Uyezds) : Kaluga, Borovsk, Kozelsk, Likhvin, Maloyaroslavets, Medyn, Meshchovsk, Mosalsk, Peremyshl, Tarusa and Zhizdra . The Zemstvo Laws passed in 1864 granted regional self-government on Gubernia and Uyezd level; the regional administrative bodies are refererred to as Zemstvos. The Zemstvos were abolished in the course of the October Revolution. Population . The population in 1811 was 987,000, in 1840 943,700, in 1867 984,300, in 1885 1,173,900, in 1914 1,497,200 (Lahmeyer). The majority belonged to the Russian Orthodox Church, then there were Old Believers, Catholics, Protestants. Economy . In 1883, 44 % of the area was farmland, 32 % forest, 18 % pastorage. The leading agricultural products included grain, potatoes, hemp, onions, cabbage, apples, cherries. In 1884, 338 factories with a combined total of 11,048 industrial workers were counted. Leading industries included paper production, leather processing, distillery, match production, machinery production (Meyer). |
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Kaluga Gubernia within RSFSR .
Kaluga Gubernia ceded territory to Bryansk Gubernia and annexed territory from Smolensk
Gubernia. In 1926, Kaluga Gubernia bordered on Moscow Gubernia in the northeast,
on Tula Gubernia in the east, on Oryol Gubernia in the south,
on Bryansk Gubernia in the southwest and on Smolensk Gubernia in the northwest. Population . The population in 1926 was 1,324,000, in 1939 1,183,000 (Lahmeyer). |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Current |
Article
Kalugskaya Gubernia, from Wikipedia Russian edition |
| Historical |
Articles : Governments : Kaluga, from EB 1911 Articles : Kaluga, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
| Links | General |
| on History |
| Organizations |
| Historical Dictionary |
| Timelines |
| Accounts of History |
| Economy & Finances |
List of Match Factories in the Russian Empire : Kaluga Gubernia, from
The Virtual Matchbox Label Museum, in Russian Russia, from Official catalogue of the industrial department, London Exhibition 1862, GB ; search for Kaluga |
| Ethnography |
| Religion |
Article Old Believers, from Wikipedia Article Raskolniks, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907-1914 edition |
| History of Regions |
| Local History |
Articles Kaluga,
Borovsk,
Kozelsk,
Mosalsk,
Tarusa,
Zhizdra, from Wikipedia |
| Structures, Institutions |
Structurae : Russia : Kaluga |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
| Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Russia, from Population
Statistics by Jan Lahmeyer |
| Documents | Document Collections |
| Historical Maps |
Kaluga Gubernia, from Wikimedia, in Russian Maps : Kaluga, (Atlas Marksa, 2nd edition 1910), posted by M. Witkam |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Articles : Governments : Kaluga,
Cities : Kaluga, from EB 1911 Articles Kaluga, Borowsk, Koselsk, Medyn, Meschtschowsk, Mossalsk, Peremyschl, Shisdra, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
| Religious |
| Economic |
| Geographical |
Das Gouvernement Kaluga, pp.395-398 in Th. Fr. Ehrmann,
Neueste Kunde vom Russischen Reiche in Europa und Asien,
vol.3 of Neueste Länder- und Völkerkunde, 1807, in German, GB Das Gouvernement Kaluga, pp.112-114 in vol.1 of Das Russische Kaiserreich, seine Geographie, Statistik, Volks- und Regentengeschichte, 1847, in German, GB W.H. Beable, Russian gazetteer and guide, being an account of the territorial divisions and a description of over 300 of the principal towns and cities of Russia, Finland and Siberia (1919), posted on Internet Archive; Kaluga p.24 |
| Historical |
| Parliamentary Debates | foreign |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Institutions | Archives |
| Musea |
| Monuments |
| Libraries |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Kaluga Gubernia Coat of Arms, from Civic Heraldry;
from Vector Images,
from Wikimedia |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
| on Kaluga |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
| Country Specific |
| Online Journals | full text online |
| General Accounts |
| Historical Dictionary |
B. Raymond, P. Duffy, Historical Dictionary of Russia, Methuan : Scarecrow 1998, KMLA Lib.Sign. R 947.8 R268h |
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