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Gubernia Yaroslavl |
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History and Administrative Division .
Predecessors Kostroma Namestinkhestvo 1776-1796, previously part of Arkhangelogorod (Arkhangelsk) Gubernia 1719-1776. Kostroma Gubernia was established in 1796. It bordered on Vologda Gubernia in the north, Yaroslavl Gubernia in the west, Vladimir Gubernia in the southwest, Nizhny Novgorod Gubernia in the southeast and Vyatka Gubernia in the east. Kostroma Gubernia was divided in 12 districts (Uyezds) : Kostroma, Bui, Chukhloma, Galich, Kineshma, Kologriv, Makariev, Nerekhta, Soligalich, Varnavin, Vetluga and Yurievets. In 1918, Kineshma, Nerekhta and Yurievets Uyezds were ceded to Ivanovsk Gubernia, in 1922 Varnavin and Vetluga Uyezds were ceded to Nizhny Novgorod Gubernia (Wikipedia). In 1936 the remnants of Kostroma Gubernia were incorporated into newly estanlished Yaroslavl Oblast; in 1944 Kostroma Oblast was split from Yaroslavl Oblast. The Zemstvo Laws passed in 1864 granted regional self-government on Gubernia and Uyezd level; the regional administrative bodies are refererred to as Zemstvos. The Zemstvos were abolished in the course of the October Revolution. Population . The population in 1811 was 1,014,000, in 1840 980,200, in 1867 1,101,100, in 1885 1,315,500, in 1915 1,855,900 (Lahmeyer), almost exclusively Russian and belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1897, only capital Kostroma (41,000) exceeded a population of 10,000 inhabitants. Economy . Kostroma Gubernia was located in the Volga river basin; within its territory there were 6 navigable rivers : the Kostroma, Neya, Unzha, Vetluga, Vioksa (all tributaries of the Volga) and the Volga. The temperatures ranged between minus 30 degrees Celsius in January and plus 32 degrees Celsius in July; average annual temperature +3 degrees Celsius. The soil is fertile. Meyers c.1890. describes 61 % of the territory covered by forest, 20 as fields, 12 % pastorage, 7 % barren. Mainly grains and potatoes were cultivated; of lesser importance animal husbandry (cattle, pigs, horses, sheep), of some importance poultry, apples and cherries grown. Fishery was of importance; minerals produced included chalk, clay, bog iron, sulphur, ochre. As most peasants were not able of living of agriculture alone, they engaged in secondary activities including barrelmaking, carpentry, toymaking, basket weaving, spinning, weaving, pottery. Factories were concentrated in the capital Kostroma, mainly textile factories (weaving, dyeing), grain mills, distilleries, tanneries (Meyers c.1890). By 1906, 39 % of the farmland belonged to private owners (i.e. estates), 31.5 % to peasant communities, 19 % to the crown, 6 % to the Imperial family (EB 1911). At Soligalich there was a spa (saline, Meyer c.1890). The section of the Transiberian Railroad passing through Kostroma Gubernia was constructed in 1906. |
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Kostroma Gubernia within the RSFSR .
Kostroma Gubernia ceded territory to Nizhny Novgorod Gubernia and to newly created Ivanovo Voznesensk Gubernia, and
thus was reduced to a fraction of her former territory. In 1926, Kostroma Gubernia bordered on Vologda Gubernia
and Severo Dvinsk Guberbia in the north, on Nizhny Novgorod Gubernia in the east, on Ivanovo Voznesensk Gubernia
in the south and on Yaroslavl Gubernia in the west. Population . The population in 1926 was 1,081,000, in 1939 1,077,000 (Lahmeyer). |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
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| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Current |
Article
Kostromskaya Gubernia, from Wikipedia Russian edition |
| Historical |
Article : Government : Kostroma, from
EB 1911 Articles : Kostroma, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
| Links | General |
| on History |
| Organizations |
| Historical Dictionary |
| Timelines |
| Accounts of History |
| Economy & Finances |
European Russia, from Transsib Russia, from Official catalogue of the industrial department, London Exhibition 1862, GB ; search for Kostroma |
| Ethnography |
| Religion |
Article Old Believers, from Wikipedia Article Raskolniks, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907-1914 edition |
| History of Regions |
Articles Yaroslavl Oblast,
Kostroma Oblast, from Wikipedia |
| Local History |
Articles Kostroma,
Buy,
Chukhloma,
Galich,
Nerekhta,
Soligalich, from Wikipedia |
| Structures, Institutions |
Structurae : Russia : Kostroma Oblast |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
| Others |
List of Match Factories in the Russian Empire : Kostroma Gubernia, from
The Virtual Matchbox Label Museum, in Russian |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Russia, from Population
Statistics by Jan Lahmeyer |
| Documents | Document Collections |
| Historical Maps |
from Wikimedia, in Russian
(Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890-1907)) Maps : Kostroma, (Atlas Marksa, 2nd edition 1910), posted by M. Witkam |
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Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Articles : Governments : Kostroma,
Cities : Kostroma, from EB 1911 Articles Kostroma, Buj, Galitsch, Jurjewez-Powolskij, Kineschma, Kologriew, Makarjew, Nerechta, Soligalitsch, Tschuchloma, Warnawin, Wetluga, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
| Religious |
| Economic |
| Geographical |
Das Gouvernement Moskwa, pp.403-405 in Th. Fr. Ehrmann,
Neueste Kunde vom Russischen Reiche in Europa und Asien,
vol.3 of Neueste Länder- und Völkerkunde, 1807, in German, GB Das Gouvernement Kostroma, pp.132-134 in vol.1 of Das Russische Kaiserreich, seine Geographie, Statistik, Volks- und Regentengeschichte, 1847, in German, GB W.H. Beable, Russian gazetteer and guide, being an account of the territorial divisions and a description of over 300 of the principal towns and cities of Russia, Finland and Siberia (1919), posted on Internet Archive; Kostroma pp.26-27 |
| Historical |
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Hansard (British Parliament) |
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Regional Archives of the Russian Federation, posted by IISG,
scroll down for Kostroma Oblast |
| Musea |
| Monuments |
| Libraries |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Kostroma Gubernia Coat of Arms, from Civic Heraldry;
from Vector Images,
from Wikimedia |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
| on Kostroma |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
| Country Specific |
| Online Journals | full text online |
| General Accounts |
| Historical Dictionary |
B. Raymond, P. Duffy, Historical Dictionary of Russia, Methuan : Scarecrow 1998, KMLA Lib.Sign. R 947.8 R268h |
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