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History and Administrative Division .
The territory of the Government of Vilna was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania / of
Poland-Lithuania until 1793/1795, when it was annexed by the
Russian Empire. Vilna Gubernia was established in 1796, merged with Slonim Gubernia in 1797 to form the Lithuanian Gubernia
(capital Vilna); split in Slonim (since 1802 Grodno and Vilna (Lithuanian) Gubernia in 1801. From 1801 to 1843, Vilna Gubenia was composed of 11 districts (uyezds) : Braslav (from 1836 Novo-Aleksandrovsk), Vilna, Vilkomirsk, Zavileisk, Kovno, Oshmiany, Rossiena, Troki, Upity (Ponevezhis), Teleshevo, and Shavel. In 1843 Kovno Gubernia was separated. Vilna Gubernia gained Lida Uyezd (hitherto part of Grodno Gubernia, Disna and Vileiki Uyezd (hitherto part of Minsk Gubernia), and from 1843 to 1917 was composed of 7 districts : Vilna, Vileiki, Disna, Lida, Troki, Oshmyany, Zventsyany. Vilna Gubernia, from 1843 to 1917, bordered on Congress Poland in the west, on Grodno Gubernia in the south, on Minsk Gubernia in the east, on Vitebsk, Kurland and Kovno Gubernia in the north. The Zemstvo constitution was introduced in 1911. In the course of the dissolution of the Russian Empire, the territory of Vilna Gubernia was contested between Lithuania and Poland, with Poland taking core Central Lithuania in a fait accompli. Population . In 1906 the population was 1,806,300. Lithuanians made up 48 %, followed by Belarussians, Poles, Jews and Russians; the majority was Roman Catholic. Vilna Gubernia was affected by Napoleon's invasion of Russia 1812-1813, by the Polish Rebellion of 1830-1831, by the Polish Rebellion of 1863-1864, by World War I, by the Russian Civil War, the Russo-Polish War of 1919-1920. Economy . In 1884, 40.3 % of the area was farmland, 27.6 % covered by forest, 19 % pastorage. Grain, potatoes, forest products, beekeeping were of importance. In 1884 there were 300 factories with a combined total of 3,024 industrial workers. The leading industries included distilleries, breweries, tobacco and leather processing, paper industry (Meyer). Historical Atlas, Belarus , Poland , Lithuania |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Current |
Article Vilna Governorate, from Wikipedia Lithuania (Wilno), from Eastern Borderlands of the II Polish Republic Article Vilenskaya Gubernia, from Wikipedia Russian edition |
| Historical |
Articles : Governments : Vilna, from EB 1911 Articles : Wilna, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
| Links | General |
| on History |
Vilna Gubernia, from JewishGen Belarus |
| Organizations |
| Historical Dictionary |
| Timelines |
Republic of Belarus Timeline |
| Accounts of History |
| Economy & Finances |
List of Match Factories in the Russian Empire : Vilna Gubernia, from
The Virtual Matchbox Label Museum, in Russian Russia, from Official catalogue of the industrial department, London Exhibition 1862, GB ; search for Vilna |
| Ethnography |
Languages of Belarus,
Lithuania, from Ethnologue |
| Religion |
Via Crucis. 450 Years of Protestantism in Belarus, in English /
Belarussian / Russian History of the (Greek Catholic) Byelorussian Church, from Eastern Catholic Pastoral Association of Southern California Jewish Belarus The Jewish Virtual History Tour : Belarus Shtetls of Belarus, click Gubernia Vilna, 641 entries; posted by JewishGen Chronology of Catholic Dioceses - Lithuania, from Kirken i Norge Virtual Jewish History Tour : Lithuania, from Jewish Virtual Library Category Religion in Lithuania, from Wikipedia Russia, from Roman Catholic Hierarchy, scroll down for Vilna |
| History of Regions |
Article Pale of Settlement, from Wikipedia;
Pale of Settlement, from Jewish Virtual Library Administrative-Territorial Division of Belarus : 18th to 20th Centuries, from Archives of Belarus |
| Local History |
Articles History of Vilnius,
Lida : History, from Wikipedia |
| Structures, Institutions |
Structurae : Lithuania, Vilnius Article : Vilnius University : History, from Wikipedia ; History, from Vilnius University |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
| Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Belarus, from Population
Statistics by Jan Lahmeyer Historical Population Statistics : Lithuania, from Population Statistics by Jan Lahmeyer |
| Documents | Document Collections |
Russia - Belarus - Ukraine - Uzbekistan Documents, at Central
Archive for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem Lithuania Documents, at Central Archive for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem Epaveldas, Lithuanian Cultural Heritage; here description from European History Primary Sources |
| Historical Maps |
Government Vilna etc. 1882, from FEEFHS (Blackie & Sons 1882) Kovno, Vilna Gubernia, from Belarus Guide, in Russian Belarus at the end of the XIXth Century, from Belarus Guide, in Russian Map : Royaume du Pologne, (shows Lithuania Gubernia; Heck, Atlas Geographique et Historique 1835), posted by M. Witkam Maps : NW Vilna, NE Vilna, SW Vilna, SE Vilna, (Atlas Marksa, 2nd edition 1910), posted by M. Witkam |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Articles : Governments : Vilna,
Cities : Vilna, from EB 1911 Articles Weissrussen, Weissrussland, Wilna, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
| Religious |
Article Wilna, from Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 edition Article Vilna, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907-1914 edition |
| Economic |
| Geographical |
Das Gouvernement Wilna, pp.496-499 in Th. Fr. Ehrmann,
Neueste Kunde vom Russischen Reiche in Europa und Asien,
vol.3 of Neueste Länder- und Völkerkunde, 1807, in German, GB Wilna, p.642 in The London general gazetteer, or Geographical dictionary, 1825, GB Lithuania proper, Wilna p.326 in vol.4 of C. Malte-Brun, Universal Geography, 1829, GB Wilna, pp.111-112 in vol.1 of J. Bell, A system of geography, popular and scientific, 1836, GB Das Gouvernement Wilna, pp.287-289 in vol.1 of Das Russische Kaiserreich, seine Geographie, Statistik, Volks- und Regentengeschichte, 1847, in German, GB Article : Wilna, from Geografisk-Statistisk Haandbog 1858-1863, in Danish W.H. Beable, Russian gazetteer and guide, being an account of the territorial divisions and a description of over 300 of the principal towns and cities of Russia, Finland and Siberia (1919), posted on Internet Archive; Vilna p.44 |
| Historical |
| Parliamentary Debates | foreign |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Institutions | Archives |
Archives of Belarus Repositories of Primary Sources : Europe : Belarus, from Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages; 31 entries Repositories of Primary Sources : Europe : Lithuania, from Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages, 5 entries Historical Research in Europe, listing of archives; click Atlas Search, Lithuania, 22 entries The Lithuanian Archival System : a Brief Guide, by T. Balkelis |
| Musea |
National Museum of Lithuania, Vilnius,
Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum Museums, from vilnius.com |
| Monuments |
List of Monuments in Vilnius, from Wikipedia |
| Libraries |
Libraries in Lithuania, from LibDex, 29 entries Libraries in Belarus, from LibDex, 5 entries |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Vilno Gubernia Coat of Arms, from Civic Heraldry |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
| on Vilna |
EBSEES (European Bibliography of Slavic and Eastern European Studies), search for Vilna, Wilna |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
| Country Specific |
Vilnius University Library - Digital Collection Epaveldas, Lithuanian Cultural Heritage; here description from European History Primary Sources |
| Online Journals | full text online |
Lituanus |
| General Accounts |
David G. Kirby, The Baltic World 1772-1993, London : Longman 1995 Manfred Hellmann, Grundzüge der Geschichte Litauens (Main Features of Lithuania's History), Darmstadt : Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1976 (in German) [G] Kevin O'Connor, The History of the Baltic States, Westport CT : Greenwood 2003, KMLA Lib.Sign. 947.9 O18h |
| Historical Dictionary |
Jan Zaprudnik, Historical Dictionary of Belarus, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow 1998 Saulius Suziedelis (ed.), Historical Dictionary of Lithuania, Rowman & Littlefield 1997 |
