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History and Administrative Division .
In 1920 the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast was established from territory previously belonging to
Astrakhan and Stavropol Gubernia.
In 1931 the policy of forced collectivization was implemented,
Buddhist monasteries closed down; in the ensuing famine c. 60,000 died. In 1935 the Kalmyk AO was elevated to
Kalmyk ASSR. During WW II the Kalmyks cooperated with the German forces; after the German defeat in the Battle
of Stalingrad, the Kalmyk ASSR was dissolved in 1943, the population deported to Siberia. They were allowed to
return in 1957, the Kalmyk ASSR restored in 1958. First free elections were held in 1993. As of 2008, the Republic of Kalmykia borders on Astrakhan Oblast and Volgograd Oblast in the north, on Rostov Oblast in the west, on Stavropol Oblast and Dagestan in the south and on the Caspian Sea in the east. Kalmykia is divided into 13 districts. Alternative spellings : Calmac, Calmuc, Calmuck, Kalmuc, Kalmyk, Qalmyq, Kalmuck, Callmaks Timelines : Kalmykia Historical Atlas : Kalmykia Page |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Current |
Article : Kalmykia, from Wikipedia Regions and Territories : Kalmykia, from BBC News Kalmykia, from Caucasus Documentary Network Article Kalmykia, from Wikipedia Russian edition |
| Historical |
H.A. Zwick, Calmuc Tartary : or, A journey from Sarepta to several Calmuc hordes of the
Astracan Government, from May 23 to August 21 1823, 1831, GB |
| Links | General |
Category : Kalmykia, from Wikipedia Kalmykia, from kaukaz.net |
| on History |
| Organizations |
Caucasus Foundation Tibetan Mongolian Museum Society |
| Historical Dictionary |
| Timelines |
A Timeline of the Mongols, by Piero Scaruffi |
| Accounts of History | General |
History of Kalmykia, from Republic of Kalmykia History of Kalmykia, from Wikipedia J.G. Georgi, Russia, or a Compleat Historical Account of all the Nations Which Compose that Empire, vol.4 : the Mongols, 1783, GB Ebülgazi Bahadir Han, Histoire genealogique des Tatars, 1726, in French, GB ; search for Callmaks |
| Specific Periods |
Ch.81, pp.367-373 in G.A.W. von Helbig,
Russische Günstlinge, 1809, in German, GB Article : Kalmyk Deportation of 1943, from Wikipedia |
| Military History |
| Economy & Finances |
| Ethnography |
Article : Kalmyk People, from Wikipedia |
| Religion |
Article : Buddhism in Kalmykia, from Wikipedia Khurul Monastery, Russia, from Pagoda in the World Russian Buddhism on the Internet |
| History of Regions |
| Local History |
Article : Elista : History, from Wikipedia |
| Structures, Institutions |
Structurae : Ukraine : Kalmykia Republic |
| Culture |
Kalmyk National Cuisine, from Russia Travel |
| Biographies |
| Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
Russian Republics : Kalmykia, from World Statesmen, scroll down |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics by Administrative Division : Russia,
from : Population Statistics |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
| Historical Newspaper Articles |
Last of the Golden Horde, Life Magazine Nov. 14 1949 |
| Archive Deposits |
Guide to the Kalmyk Resettlement Committee Records TAM 029, at
The Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives |
| Document Collections |
| Historical Maps |
Map of Administrative Division, posted by R. Daward Maplandia : Republic of Kalmykia |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Article : Kalmucs, pp.422-426 in vol.9 of Encyclopaedia Britannica
, 1797, GB Article : Kalmucs, pp.443-445 in vol.12 of Encyclopaedia Perthensis, 1816, GB Article : Kalmucs, pp.419-423 in vol.11 of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1823, GB Article : Kalmucs, pp.298-301 in vol.12 of The London encyclopaedia, 1829, GB Article : Kalmuck, in Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911 edition, posted by Classic Encyclopedia |
| Religious |
| Economic |
Von den Kalmüken, pp.151-153 in F.L. Langstedt,
Geschichte des asiatischen Handels, 1803, in German, GB Article : Tallow, pp.642-643 in W. Waterston, A cyclopaedia of commerce, mercantile law, finance, commercial geography, 1846, GB Article : Tallow, pp.642-643 in W. Waterston, A cyclopaedia of commerce, mercantile law, finance, commercial geography, 1863, GB |
| Geographical |
Calmucks, p.444 in Th. Salmon,
A new geographical and historical grammar, 1767, GB Das Land Astrachan, pp.95-110, 121-129 in vol.1 of J.Chr. Borheck, Erdbeschreibung von Asien, 1792, in German, GB Calmac or Calmuc, p.289 in vol.1 of J.E. Worcester, A geographical dictionary or universal gazetteer, ancient and modern, 1823, GB |
| Ethnological |
Kalmucs, p.243 in vol.2 of W. Alexander,
The history of women, from the earliest antiquity, to the present, 1779, GB Calmuc, p.185 in Th. Moore, Marriage customs and modes of courtship of the various nations of the various nations of the universe, 1820, GB Tartary : the Calmucs, pp.217-219 in A. Hamilton, Marriage rites: customs, and ceremonies, of the nations of the universe, 1824, GB The Mongols : the Kalmuks, pp.274-282 in R.G. Latham, The Native Races of the Russian empire, 1854, GB |
| Historical |
| Parliamentary Debates | foreign |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
B. von Bergmann, Benjamin Bergmann's Nomadische Streifereien unter den Kalmüken in den Jahren 1802 und 1803,
vol.1, 1804,
vol.2, 1804,
vol.3, 1804,
vol.4, 1805, in German, GB J. von Klaproth, Travels in the Caucasus and Georgia: performed in the years 1807 and 1808, 1814, GB W. Glenn, Journal of a tour from Astrachan to Karass, 1823, GB H.A. Zwick, Calmuc Tartary : or, A journey from Sarepta to several Calmuc hordes of the Astracan Government, from May 23 to August 21 1823, 1831, GB C.E. von Eichwald, Reise auf dem Caspischen Meere und in den Caucasus, vol.1.2, 1837, GB X. and A. Hommaire de Hell, Travels in the steppes of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, &c, 1847, GB Ch.H. Scott, The Baltic, the Black Sea, and the Crimea: comprising travels in Russia, 1854, GB |
| Residence Memoirs |
V. Mikhailov,
Adventures of Michailow: a Russian captive among the Kalmucs, Kirghiz, and Kiwenses, 1822, GB |
| Institutions | Archives |
| Musea |
The Russian Museum of Ethnography :
Kalmyks : Nomads of Europe Russian Museums : Kalmyk State Museum of Fine Arts |
| Monuments |
Image : Monument to Kalmyk Deportations,
from Wikipedia |
| Libraries |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Coat of Arms of Kalmykia, from Wikipedia Flag of Kalmykia, from Wikipedia |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
| on Kalmykia |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
| Country Specific |
| Online Journals | full text online |
| General Accounts |
| Historical Dictionary |
Kalmykiya, pp.68-71 in : Europa Publications, The Territories of the Russian Federation, London : Europa 1st ed. 1999 [G] |
| Yearbook Entries |
Article : USSR : Russia : Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1970-1971 p.1412, 1975-1976 p.1417, 1978-1979 p.1234, 1980-1981 p.1239,
1983-1984 pp.1243-1244, 1984-1985 p.1241, 1985-1986 p.1242, 1987-1988 p.1244, 1988-1989 p.1248, 1989-1990 pp.1254-1255, 1990-1991 p.1257 Article : USSR : Russia : Kalmyk Soviet Socialist Republic, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1991-1992 p.1257 Article : Commonwealth of Independent States : Russia : Kalmyk Republic, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1992-1993 p.407, 1993-1994 p.408, 1994-1995 p.395 Article : Commonwealth of Independent States : Russia : Kalmykia, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1995-1996 pp.383-384 Article : Russia : Kalmykia, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1996-1997 p.1088, 1997-1998 pp.1093-1094, 1998-1999 pp.1187-1188, 2000 pp.1330-1331, 2001 pp.1293-1294, 2002 p.1347, 2003 pp.1345-1346, 2004 pp.1350-1351, 2005 p.1362 |
