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| Venezuela |
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Ecuador |
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| Venezuela |
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Ecuador |
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The territory of modern Colombia was teken possession of in the name of Spain in the early 16th century.
It was organized as Tierra Firma, which included modern Colombia, Panama,
Ecuador and part of Venezuela. Until 1550 Tierra Firma was under the
Viceroyalty of New Spain, from 1550 onward under the Viceroyalty of Lima. In 1717 Tierra Firma was
separated from the Viceroyalty of Lima and established as the Viceroyalty of New Granada. In 1819 it declared independence from
Spain as the Republic of Gran Colombia.
Ecuador and Venezuela seceded in 1830, and the remainder (modern Colombia
with Panama) reorganized as the Republic of New Granada. In 1863 it reorganized itself as the
United States of Colombia, in 1886 as the Republic of Colombia. Panama seceded in 1903. In 1899-1902 and in
1948-1958 Colombia experienced civil war. Students' Paper : Yoon, Sung Ah, History of Nutrition in South America (2009) Students' Paper : Song, Jeeun : History of Metallurgy and Mining in the Andean Region (2009) |
|
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Modern |
from CIA World Factbook;
BBC Country Profiles;
World Desk Reference;
Index Mundi,
Nations Encyclopedia Library of Congress, Country Studies : Colombia Article : Colombia, from Wikipedia |
| Historical |
Th.Cl. Dawson, The South American republics (1903) vol.2 (has Colombia section pp.403-472), posted on
Internet Archive |
| Links | General |
from Lanic;
from Library of Congress, Portals to the World;
from BUBL Category : Colombia, from Wikipedia Categoria : Historia de Colombia, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
| on History |
from Virtual Library History;
Category : History of Colombia, from Wikipedia Historical Text Archive : Colombia |
| Historical Dictionaries |
T.C. Mosquera, Diccionario geografico de los Estados Unidos de Colombia (1868) in Spanish, posted on
Internet Archive J.E. Ortiz, Diccionario jeografico de los Estados Unidos de Colombia (1879) in Spanish, posted on Internet Archive |
| Timelines |
from timelines.ws; from
BBC News Review of Atlas Basico de Historia de Colombia, by Blaa Virtual, has detailed timeline in Spanish |
| Accounts of History | Modern |
from Wikipedia;
from Wikipedia Spanish edition Historia de Colombia, from Presidencia de la Republica, in Spanish |
| Historical |
| Specific Periods |
P.I. Cadena, Anales diplomaticos de Colombia (1878) in Spanish, posted on Internet Archive D. Bushnell, The Santander Regime In Gran Colombia (1954), posted on Internet Archive R.B. Cunninghame-Graham, The conquest of New Granada (1922), posted on Internet Archive C.R. Markham, The conquest of New Granada (1912), posted on Internet Archive |
| Politics |
Politics of Colombia, from Wikipedia;
Political Resources on the Net : Colombia Governments on the WWW : Colombia Articles Constitutional History of Colombia, Colombian Constitution of 1991, Elections in Colombia, from Wikipedia Colombia Profile, from International Crisis Group |
| Military |
Wars of Colombia 1800-1999, from Armed Conflict Events Data CASCON Case COL : Colombia (M-19) 1974-1990, by L.P. Bloomfield, L. Moulton Colombia Military Guide, from Global Security Latin American Para-Military Groups : Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, FARC, Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional, from Global Security |
| Economy & Finances |
Entry Colombia, from Global History of Currencies, by Bryan Taylor Article Economy of Colombia, from Wikipedia Catregory : Economy of Colombia, from Wikipedia History of the Bolsa de Valores de Colombia Company History : Avianca Aerovia Naciolales de Colombia SA, Empresa Colombiana de Petroleos, from Funding Universe Global Integrity : Colombia 2007 Category : Enterprise Colombia, from Economy Point International Bureau of the American Republics, Colombia, a Handbook (1892), posted on Internet Archive US Dept. of Commerce, Colombia : a commercial and industrial handbook (1921), posted on Internet Archive J.D. Powles, New Granada: its internal resources, 1863, GB J. Gomez et al., The Implementation of Inflation Targeting in Colombia, 2002 |
| Social History |
Colombia, from Crime and Society. A Comparative Criminology Tour of the World Colombia, from Alcohol and Drugs History Society |
| Ethnography |
Languages of Colombia (101), from Ethnologue Category Languages of Colombia, from Wikipedia Colombia : Blacks, Indigenous People, from Minorities at Risk Colombia, from Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Colombia |
| Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Colombia, from Kirken i Norge Category : Religion in Colombia, from Wikipedia Patron Saint Index : Colombia A Chronology of Protestant Beginnings : Colombia, from Prolades Country Report : Colombia, from ARDA |
| History of Regions |
Article Departments of Colombia, from Wikipedia Categories : Departments of Colombia, Subdivisions of Colombia, from Wikipedia Departments of Colombia, from www.statoids.com Municipalities of Colombia, from www.statoids.com |
| Local History |
List of Cities in Colombia, from Wikipedia History of Bogota, from Bogota D.C., Wikipedia History of Barranquilla, Cartagena Cali, Leticia, Medellin, from Wikipedia |
| Institutions |
History of Broadcasting in Colombia, from The Broadcast Archive History of Avianca, from Wikipedia The Tramways of Bogota, by Allen Morrison Colombia, from Airline History Search Lighthouse Explorer for Colombia |
| Culture |
Colombia, from Alcohol and Drugs History Society |
| Biographies |
List of Colombians, from Wikipedia |
| Others |
International Boundary Studies, search for Colombia Colombia, from Relief Web Articles Colombia at the Olympics, from Wikipedia Neotropic Ecoregion, from WWF Lina Betancourt, Plan Pacifico in the Choco Region of Colombia, TED Case Studies 2005; Regina Kreger, Urra and the Embera-Katio, Colombia, ICE Case Studies 2005 |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon),
from Rulers (B. Schemmel),
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated) |
| Lists of Ambassadors |
List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Colombia, from Wikipedia,
U.S. Ambassadors to Colombia, from NNDB;
Chinese Ambassadors to Colombia, from PRC MOFA;
Liste der Botschafter der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Bogota (Kolumbien), from
Wikipedia German edition;
Embajadores de Mexico en Colombia, from Acervo Historico Diplomatico Heads of Post, Colombia, from MOFA Canada |
| Lists of Consuls |
The Political Graveyard : Colombia, has incomplete list of U.S. Consuls |
| Lists of Bishops |
Articles : Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barranquilla,
Bogota,
Bucaramanga,
Cali,
Cartagena,
Ibague,
Manizales,
Medellin,
Nueva Pamplona,
Popayan,
Santa Fe de Antioquia,
Tunja,
Villavicencio, from Wikipedia |
| Population Figures |
from Population Statistics, by Jan Lahmeyer |
| Exchange Rates |
Historical Exchange Rates, from Oanda, since 1990 |
| Economic Indicators |
Economic Indicators, from Trading Economics, since 1995 |
| Election Results |
from Colombia (since 1998);
from IFES Election Guide |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
History of Colombia, from World History Archives H.R. Lemly, Santa Fe de Bogota, from Harper's New Monthly Magazine, June 1885, pp.47-59; Ricardo Becerra, The Republic of Columbia, ditto, Nov. 1889, pp.920-928, from Cornell Digital Library Collection |
| Modern Newspapers |
Newspapers and News Media : Colombia, from ABYZ;
from Online Newspapers,
from World Newspapers,
from Worldpress.org (links) |
| Newsreels |
| Films on History/Society |
Article : Cine de Colombia, from Wikipedia Spanish edition Most Popular Titles, History Titles, Documentaries with Country of Origin : Colombia, from IMDb |
| Image Databanks |
Wikimedia Commons License Plates, from Francoplaque, from License Plates around the World Passports of Colombia, from World Passports Airline Timetable Images : Colombia Search Scripophily for Colombia |
| Archival Deposits |
Portada de Pares, Archivos de Espana Search National Archives (UK), Österreichisches Staatsarchiv Colombia Documents, at Central Archive for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem The Colombia Documentation Project, from National Security Archive Nationaal Archief, NL : Inventaris van het Archief van de Nederlandse Gezantschap, later de Ambassade Colombiua te Bogota en het consulaat in Colombia te Barranquilla van het Ministerie van Buitenlandse zaken, 1948-1974 |
| Constitutions, Laws |
Constitutions of Colombia, from Political Database of the Americas List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by Colombia, from ILO, 59 docs. since 1919 GlobaLex : Colombia; Legislation Colombia, from B>World Law Guide M.A. Montoya (ed.), Todas las Leyes de Colombia desde 1992 |
| Treaties | General Treaty Collections |
| Bilateral Treaty Collections |
C. Calvo, Coleccion completa de los tratados, convenciones, capitulaciones, armisticios y otros actos diplomaticos: de todos los estados
de la America Latina,
vol.1 1862,
vol.2 1862,
vol.3 1862,
vol.4 1862,
vol.5 1862,
vol.6 1862,
vol.7 1865,
vol.8 1866,
vol.9 1866,
vol.10 1866,
vol.11 1869, GB Bilateral Treaties, from Banco Juriscol, in Spanish Peace Agreements Digital Collection : Colombia, from United States Institute of Peace Colombia, pp.855-1003 in vol.6 of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America 1776-1949, 1971, GB P.I. Cadena, Coleccion de tratodos publicos de los Estados Unidos de Colombia (1884) in Spanish, posted on Internet Archive |
| Consular Reports |
| Chamber of Commerce Reports |
| Document Collections |
Documentos Historicos : Colombia, from Wikisource Spanish edition Incredibili, Encyclica by Pope Pius IX., Sept. 17th 1863, On Persecution in New Granada |
| Historical Maps |
Languages of South America, from TITUS Mapas de Colombia, from IGAC Mapas Historicos, from IGAC Cartografia Historica de Colombia, from Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango Atlas Historico de Colombia, from Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango Historical Colombia Maps, from Library of Congress Map Collection |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Articles Colombia,
Bolivar (department),
Cauca (department),
Antioquta (department),
Cundinamarca (department),
Medellin (city),
Manizales (city),
Barranquilla (city),
Cartagena (city),
Cali (city),
Buenaventura (city),
Bogota (city), from EB 1911 Article Kolumbien, Antioquia, Bogota, Bolivar, Cali, Cartagena, Cauca, Medellin, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German |
| Religious |
Articles Colombia,
Bogota,
Medellin,
Cali,
Cartagena,
from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907 edition |
| Economic |
J. Chr. Nelkenbrecher, Allgemeines Taschenbuch der Münz-, Maass- und Gewichtskunde
für Banquiers und Kaufleute (General Manual on Coinage, Measurement and Weights, for Bankers and Merchants) Berlin 1832, in German, entries Angostura, Bogota,
Columbien, posted by DTBSWS Gülich, Gustav von, Geschichtliche Darstellung des Handels, der Gewerbe und des Ackerbaus der bedeutenden handeltreibenden Staaten unserer Zeit (Historical Description of Trade, Industry and Agriculture of the Important Trading States of Our Time), Jena : Frommann 6 vol.s 1830-1845, chapter : Das vormals Spanische Amerika : Ecuador, Venezuela und Neugranada, vol.4 1844 pp.109-112, posted by DTBSWS |
| Geographical |
Colombia, pp.339-341 in Th. Prescott, The Volume of the World, 1855, GB Columbien, pp.652-656 in F.H. Ungewitter, Neueste Erdbeschreibung und Staatenkunde, 1859, in German, GB Colombia, pp.456-458 in J. MacFarlane, Economic geography, c.1910, GB |
| Ethnological |
The Andean North pp.187-209, in vol.11 of L.H. Gray,
The Mythology of all Races, 1920, GB The Muyscas and Eldorado pp.281-284 in A.H. Keane, The World's Peoples: A Popular Account of Their Bodily & Mental Characters , 1908, GB |
| Historical |
The Backward States : Colombia, pp.179-181 in W.W. Sweet,
A History of Latin America, 1929, GB |
| Other |
Bradshaw's railway manual, shareholders' guide and official directory for 1864 (vol.16) :
Panama, p.387, GB Bradshaw's railway manual, shareholders' guide and official directory for 1867 (vol.19) : Panama, p.422, GB Article : Columbia, in : Röll, Enzyklopädie des Eisenbahnwesens, 1912, in German, posted by Zeno |
| Parliamentary Debates |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Residence Memoirs |
| Institutions | Archives |
Colombia, from Repositories of Primary Sources : Latin America (UIdaho) National Archives : Latin America, from UNESCO Archives Portal Archivo General de la Nacion, Colombia; Archivo Nacional de Panama |
| Musea |
Museo Nacional de Colombia Category : Museums in Colombia, from Wikipedia Banco de la Republica, Museo de Oro |
| Monuments |
Showcaves : Colombia World Heritage Site : Colombia Monumentos Nacionales de Colombia, from Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango |
| Libraries |
Biblioteca Nacional de Panama;
Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia Libraries in Colombia, from LibDex |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW; Coat of Arms, from
International Civic Heraldry National Anthem, from David's National Anthem Reference Page |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Colombian banknotes, from World Currency Museum;
from Ron Wise's World Paper Money;
from Numismondo Colombia Coins, from World Coin Gallery; from Numista, from ColNect, from OmniCoin Search Coin Archives for Colombia; Colombia, from Encyclopedia of Small Silver Coins |
| Stamps |
Rare Colombia Stamps, from Sandafayre Stamp Gallery;
Catalogue Colombian Stamps 1859-1894, from Stamps Catalogue 1840-1920
by Evert Klaseboer |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| Bibliography | General |
RHS Bibliography Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde (Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies), keyword Mauritius (site in German, most titles listed in English; hundreds of entries; publications mostly since 1970) ISBN Database |
| on Colombia |
Library of Congress HLAS Online Handbook of Latin American Studies (Bibliography) Colombia, Venezuela, from The Irish in Latin America and Iberia, a Bibliography by E. Murray Bibliography Colombia, from NNDB Bibliography, from Colombia in Context Bibliography : Andes, from Environmental History of Latin America; Online Bibliography on Latin American Environmental History Latin American Books Food and Culture (a bibliography), by R.T. Dirks, click on South America |
| Online Libraries | General |
Gutenberg Library Online,
Internet Archive Persee (French search engine) International Boundary Studies, search for Colombia |
| on Colombia |
Biblioteca Digital Colombiana Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango - Biblioteca Virtual Biblioteca Nacional de Panama - Biblioteca Digital Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes |
| Thesis Server |
TDX (Theses from Spanish Universities Online; almost exclusively in Spanish) Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango, Revista, Articulos y Tesis, scroll down for Celeccion Tests |
| Online Journals | General |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| On Colombia |
Revista Credential Historia, 1990-2010 Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de Cultura 1-26, 1963-1999 Revista Historia Critica, selection of articles from issues 17 to 31 posted |
| Historiography |
Article : Latin American Historiography (excluding Mexico and Brazil) - Writing on the precolonial and colonial periods from the sixteenth century
to the present day, by G.L. Vasquez, pp.534-542,
Article : Latin American Historiography (excluding Mexico and Brazil) - The National Period, 1820-1990, pp.542-545 in vol.2
of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
| General Accounts |
Thomas A. Skidmore, Peter H. Smith, Modern Latin America, NY : Oxford UP 5th edition 2001, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 980 S628m E. Bradford Burns, Latin America, A Concise Interpretive History, Eaglewood NJ : Prentice Hall 6th edition (1972) 1994, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 980 B967l |
| Specific Topics |
Chapter XI : Hail Colombia, pp.160-175, in : John Gunther, Inside Latin America, NY : Harper & Bros. 1940 [G] Chapter 24 : Colombia : The Background of the Violencia, pp.431-480 in : John Gunther, Inside South America, NY : Harper & Row (1964) 1967 [G] Luz Marina Diaz, The Migration of Labour in Colombia, pp.223-225 in : Robin Cohen, The Cambridge Survey of World Migration, Cambridge : UP 1995, KMLA Lib.Sign. 304.809 C678c The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. Vol.III : South America, Part 2, Cambridge : UP 1999 [G] |
| Historical Dictionaries |
R.H. Davis, Historical Dictionary of Colombia, Methuen : Scarecrow 1977 [G] Articles : Antioquia pp.25-27, in : James Minahan, Nations without States, A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements, Westport CT : Greenwood 1996 [G] |
| Statistical Data |
IHS : B.R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics. The Americas 1750-2000, London : Palgrave 2003 [G] |
| Yearbooks | Britannica Book of the Year |
1913 pp.1076-1079, 1944 pp.199-200, 1945 pp.199-200, 1946 pp.223-224, 1947 pp.223-224, 1948 pp.211-212, 1948 pp.211-212, 1949 pp.181-182, 1950 pp.189-190,
1951 pp.194-195, 1952 pp.193-194, 1953 pp.185-186, 1954 pp.186-187, 1955 pp.238-239, 1956 pp.177-178, 1957 pp.235-237, 1958 pp.174-175,
1958 pp.174-175, 1959 pp.174-175, 1960 pp.173-174, 1961 pp.180-181, 1962 pp.169-170, 1963 pp.282-283, 1964 pp.264-265,
1965 p.249, 1966 pp.196-198, 1967 pp.214-215, 1968 pp.210-212, 1969 pp.208-219, 1970 pp.215-217, 1971 pp.203-204,
1972 pp.186-187, 1973 pp.182-183, 1974 pp.193-194, 1975 pp.174-175, 1976 pp.194-195, 1977 pp.196-197, 1978 pp.252-253, 1979 p.255, 1980 pp.249-250,
1981 pp.248-249, 1982 pp.245-246, 1983 pp.242-243, 1984 pp.238-239, 1985 pp.584-585, 659, 1986 pp.575, 655, 1987 pp.544-545, 624, 1988 pp.498, 576,
1989 pp.497-498, 576, 1990 pp.514-515, 591, 1991 pp.499, 576, 1992 pp.472, 576, 1993 pp.480-481, 586, 1994 pp.480-481, 586, 1995 pp.395, 586,
1996 pp.393, 586, 1997 pp.409-410, 584, 2002 pp.408-409, 581 [G] |
| Statesman's Yearbook |
1878 pp.528-533, 1889 pp.612-619, 1895 pp.433-438, 1898 pp.433-439, 1901 pp.497-504,
1902 pp.511-518, 1905 pp.544-551, 1907 pp.833-840, 1910 pp.706-712, 1918 pp.769-776, 1919 pp.767-774, 1924 pp.762-769, 1925 pp.772-779,
1926 pp.749-756, 1928 pp.759-767, 1929 pp.752-759, 1932 pp.758-765, 1937 pp.795-803, 1942 pp.797-805, 1943 pp.793-802,
1961-1962 pp.907-915, 1970-1971 pp.820-827, 1973-1974 pp.827-834, 1975-1976 pp.831-838, 1976-1977 pp.842-849, 1978-1979 pp.350-356, 1979-1980 pp.350-357,
1980-1981 pp.353-359,
1981-1982 pp.358-365, 1982-1983 pp.361-368, 1983-1984 pp.363-368, 1984-1985 pp.361-366, 1985-1986 pp.363-368, 1986-1987 pp.367-373, 1987-1988 pp.368-373,
1988-1989 pp.370-375, 1989-1990 pp.373-378, 1990-1991 pp.372-377, 1991-1992 pp.372-377, 1992-1993 pp.373-378, 1993-1994 pp.373-378, 1994-1995 pp.364-369,
1995-1996 pp.352-357, 1996-1997 pp.363-368, 1997-1998 pp.372-377, 1998-1999 pp.408-413, 2000 pp.472-478, 2001 pp.459-464, 2002 pp.478-484, 2003 pp.476-482,
2004 pp.477-483, 2005 pp.474-480, 2006 pp.468-475 [G] |
| Other |
Article : Colombia, in : International Year Book 1898 pp.202-204, 1899 pp.207-210, 1900 pp.229-232 [G] Article : Colombia, in : New International Year Book 1907 pp.181-183, 1908 pp.170-172, 1909 pp.172-173, 1910 pp.173-174, 1913 pp.178-180, 1914 pp.175-177, 1916 pp.156-157, 1917 pp.164-166, 1918 pp.148-149, 1919 pp.169-170, 1920 pp.158-159, 1921 pp.162-164, 1922 pp.168-169, 1923 pp.169-170, 1924 pp.171-173, 1925 pp.168-169, 1926 pp.186-188, 1928 pp.178-179, 1929 pp.202, 204-206, 1930 pp.181-183, 1931 pp.218-221, 1932 pp.197-200, 1933 pp.172-174, 1934 pp.154-155, 1935 pp.156-158, 1938 pp.166, 168-170, 1939 pp.153-155, Events of 1940 pp.147-149, 1941 pp.138-140, 1942 pp.158-160, 1943 pp.136-138, 1944 pp.140-142, 1945 pp.129-132 [G] Article : Colombia, in : Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events 1886 pp.189-193, 1894 pp.144-145 [G] Article : Colombia, in : Americana Annual 1927 pp.204, 217-218, 1928 pp.198-200, 1930 pp.198, 212-213, 1931 pp.213, 227-228, 1932 pp.176, 189-190, 1933 pp.183, 198-199, 1934 pp.157-158, 173, 1935 pp.164, 179-180, 1936 pp.165, 180-181, 1937 pp.170-171, 1938 pp.158, 179-180, 1939 pp.263-264, 1940 pp.203-205, 1943 pp.175, 201, 1944 pp.166, 193-194, 1945 pp.182, 209-210, 1946 pp.184, 211-212, 1947 pp.157, 184-185, 1957 pp.168, 186-188, 1958 pp.167, 182-183, 1959 pp.160, 175-176, 1960 pp.159, 174-176, 1961 pp.153, 169-170, 1962 pp.153, 170-171, 1963 pp.166-167, 1964 pp.155, 167, 1965 pp.181-182, 1966 pp.198-199, 1967 pp.196-197, 1968 p.186, 1969 pp.198-199, 1970 p.200, 1971 p.213, 1972 p.201, 1973 p.197, 1974 pp.181-182, 1975 pp.190-191, 1976 p.195, 1977 p.168, 1978 p.158, 1979 p.163, 1980 pp.176-177, 1981 pp.191-192, 1983 p.181, 1984 pp.181-182, 1985 p.186, 1986 p.183, 1987 p.187, 1988 p.191, 1989 p.190, 1990 p.186, 1992 p.194, 1993 p.190, 1994 p.190, 1995 pp.185-186, 2002 pp.145-146 [G] Article : Colombia, in : The World in Figures 1st ed. 1976 pp.120-122, 2nd ed. 1978 pp.120-122, 4th ed. 1984 pp.121-122 [G] |
