ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Timelines : History of the Shan States</title> <META name="keywords" keyword="Shan State, Wa States, Kengtung"> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2005-2007 --> </head> <body bgcolor="grey" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Shan States <BR> Index Page </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xshan.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xshan.html"> <img src = "../banners/banshan.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on January 12th 2005 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function SymError() { return true; } window.onerror = SymError; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-5834279270464755"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; //2007-02-17: MIT_ Ganse google_ad_channel = "0420158018"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR><BR> </div> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline : Shan States </B></font> </TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "110"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> 568 <BR> 1174 <BR><BR> 1287 <BR> 1301 <BR> 1555 <BR> 1581- <BR> 1636 <BR> 1753-1778 <BR><BR> 1765-1766 <BR> 1804 <BR> 1811 <BR> 1850 <BR> 1852 <BR> 1854 <BR> 1857 <BR> 1860 <BR> 1867 <BR> 1879 <BR> 1881 <BR> 1882 <BR> 1882 <BR> 1883 <BR> 1884 <BR> 1885-1886 <BR> 1885-1888 <BR> 1886 <BR> 1886 <BR> 1886 <BR><BR> 1886 <BR> 1887 <BR> 1888 <BR> 1888 <BR> 1890 <BR><BR> 1890 <BR> 1890es <BR> 1892 <BR><BR> 1892 <BR> 1892-1893 <BR> 1894 <BR> 1896 <BR> 1901 <BR> 1901 <BR> 1922 <BR> 1923 <BR><BR> 1935 <BR> 1937 <BR> 1942-1945 <BR> 1943 <BR> 1948 <BR><BR> 1949 <BR><BR> 1955 <BR> 1959 <BR><BR> 1962 <BR> 1960es <BR> 1996 <BR> </font></TD> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> Existence of Kingdom of Mao recorded; tradition dates is foundation to 93 B.C. <BR> King of Pagan, Narapatisithu, offered Buddha images to Bo Kyo Pagoda in <BR> Hsipaw <BR> Mongol invasion of Burma <BR> Establishment of a Shan dynasty in Ava (Upper Burma) <BR> Shan Dynasty in Ava overthrown, country renamed Burma <BR> Burmese control over Shan States rather nominal <BR> City of Hsipaw founded (renamed after Burmese King Hsipaw, 1875-1885) <BR> Energetic Burmese Kings Alaungpaya, Sinbyusin pursued campaigns in <BR> Shan territory, subdued many of the Shan States <BR> Chinese attempt to conquer Kengtung defeated <BR> Siamese attempt to conquer Kengtung foiled <BR> Kenghkam State established <BR> Shan revolt, under Khun Sanghai, against Burmese rule <BR> Siamese attempt to conquer Kengtung foiled <BR> Siamese attempt to conquer Kengtung foiled <BR> Monghsu, Mongsang split from Hsenwi State <BR> Kehsi Mansam independent from Hsenwi <BR> Frenchman Fran&ccedil;ois Garnier visited Kengtung, reported existence of minerals <BR> Hsenwi State independent from Burma <BR> Hsipaw, Kengtung States independent from Burma <BR> Most Shan States had seceded from Burma <BR> Kenghkam State absorbed into Mongnai State <BR> Ruler of Hsipaw visited England <BR> Burmese invasion, occupation of Mongnai, Mongnawng, Lawksawk; Kengtung held out <BR> British conquest of Upper Burma <BR> Struggle over throne in Hsenwi State <BR> Withdrawal of Burmese forces; struggle over throne in Mongnai <BR> Hsihkip State absorbed into Yawnghwe State <BR> Hsipaw first Shan State to submit to British sovereignty; Monglong, Mongtung, <BR> Hsumhsai annexed by Hsipaw <BR> Laihka State devastated by troops of Linbin Confederacy <BR> Shan States west of the Salween recognized British sovereignty <BR> Hsenwi State split in two (N., S. Hsenwi) <BR> Karenni invasion of Mawkmai; in 1889 British forces retaliated <BR> British invasion; last Shan States submitted. Administratively separated into <BR> Northern, Southern Shan States <BR> Britain (for the Shan States), Siam signed border agreement <BR> Construction of Railway Mandalay-Lashio <BR> Britain (for the Shan States), China signed border agreement, which left <BR> Jinghong as Chinese territory <BR> British expedition installed malleable ruler in Manglon <BR> Kachin rebellion against ruler of North Hsenwi <BR> Britain (for the Shan States), Siam signed another border agreement <BR> Kengcheng State absorbed into Kengtung State <BR> Census established population of 1,137,444 <BR> Government school opened at Taunggyi <BR> Federation of the Shan States created <BR> Shan States Opium Act passed into law, to establish control over opium <BR> production and trade (production declined significantly over the next years) <BR> Burma Act administratively separated Shan States from Burma proper <BR> Burma administratively separated from British India <BR> Japanese/Thai occupation <BR> Thailand annexed Kengtung, Mongpan States (ceded to Br. Burma in 1945) <BR> Union of Burma released into independence; Shan States granted autonomy <BR> within Burma <BR> Following their defeat in the Chinese Civil War, elements of the Kuomintang <BR> Army made themselves master of part of the Shan States <BR> Catholic Diocesis of Kengtung established (Apostolic Prefecture since 1927) <BR> The 34 Saophas (rulers) gave up their claims; the Shan States were turned <BR> into a unified Shan State, autonomous within the Union of Burma <BR> The autonomy of Shan State abolished <BR> Armed rebellion against Burmese rule; Opium production (Golden Triangle) <BR> Shan rebel leader Khun Sa surrendered to Burmese officials <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><BR> </div><div align = "center"> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- function SymError() { return true; } window.onerror = SymError; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-0213752126925919"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "3" cellspace="5" cellpadding="5" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "100" valign = "top" align = "center" bgcolor="#FFFACD"> <font size = "3" face = "Times Roman" color = "#000000"> EXTERNAL <BR> FILES </font></TD> <TD width = "750" valign = "top" align = "left" bgcolor = "#FFFACD"> <font size = "2" face = "Times Roman" color = "#000000"> The Shan States of Burma : Toyotas, Traders and Tribes, by <A HREF = "http://www.thingsasian.com/goto_article/article.843.html"><B>Leslie Nevison</B></A> <BR> Burma : Sahibs in the Shan States, from <A HREF = "http://www.drugtext.org/library/books/McCoy/book/20.htm"><B> drugtext.org</B></A> <BR> Shan, from <A HREF = "http://www.unpo.org/print.php?arg=47&par=68"><B>UNPO</B></A> <BR> Shan History, from <A HREF = "http://www.ywam.no/shan/eng/i_historie.html"><B>YWAM</B></A> <BR> History, from <A HREF = "http://www.shanland.org/History/history.htm"><B>shanland.org</B></A> <BR> Some facets of Hsipaw's History, from <A HREF = "http://www.myanmar.com/ACOCI/CULTURE/2000/hispaw.html"><B> myanmar.com</B></A> <BR> History of the Shan States, from <A HREF = "http://www.thaiyai.com/buddhism.htm"><B>Thaiyai.com</B></A> <BR> Article Khun Sa, from <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khun_Sa"><B>Wikipedia</B></A> <BR> Article Shan States, from <A HREF = "http://36.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SH/SHAN_STATES.htm"><B>EB 1911</B></A> <BR> Article Keng Tung, from <A HREF = "http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/K/KE/KENG_TUNG.htm"><B>EB 1911</B></A> <BR> Kanbawsa - A Modern Review, by <A HREF = "http://www.mangrai.com/khai/kanbawsa/"><B>Mi Mi Khaing</B></A> (1950es description of the Shan States) <BR> Shan and Karen States, from <A HREF = "http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Myanmar_shankaren.html"><B>World Statesmen</B></A> <BR> Historical Population Statistics by Province : Myanmar, from <A HREF = "http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Asia/myanmarp.htm"><B>Population Statistics</B></A> <BR> Flag of Shan State, from <A HREF = "http://flagspot.net/flags/mm-shan.html"><B>FOTW</B></A> <BR> Article <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V22_235.gif"><B>Shan States</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_184.gif"><B>Hopong</B></A> (S.C.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_222.gif"><B>Hsahtung</B></A> (S.C.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_222.gif"><B>Hsamonghkam</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_223.gif"><B>Hsawnghsup</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_223.gif"><B>N. Hsenwi</B></A> (N), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_225.gif"><B>S. Hsenwi</B></A> (N.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_225.gif"><B>Hsipaw</B></A> (N.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_202.gif"><B>Kehsi Mansam</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_205.gif"><B>Kenghkam</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_206.gif"><B>Kenglon</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_206.gif"><B>Kengtung</B></A> (S.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_089.gif"><B>Kyawkku</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_090.gif"><B>Kyong</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_123.gif"><B>Laihka</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_163.gif"><B>Lawksawk</B></A> (S.C.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_176.gif"><B>Loi-ai</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_176.gif"><B>Loilong</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_177.gif"><B>Loimaw</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_184.gif"><B>Manglon</B></A> (N.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_240.gif"><B>Maw</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_242.gif"><B>Mawkmai</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_242.gif"><B>Mawnang</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_243.gif"><B>Mawson</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=17&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_395.gif"><B>Monghsu, Mongsang</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_409.gif"><B>Mongkung</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_411.gif"><B>Mongnai</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_411.gif"><B>Mongnawng</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_412.gif"><B>Mongpai</B></A> (S.C.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_413.gif"><B>Mongpan</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_414.gif"><B>Mongpawn</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_414.gif"><B>Mongsit</B></A> (S.E.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_354.gif"><B>Namhkai</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_354.gif"><B>Namhkok</B></A> (S.C.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_354.gif"><B>Namtok</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_435.gif"><B>Nawngwawn</B></A> (S.C.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_401.gif"><B>Pangmi</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_401.gif"><B>Pangtara</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_163.gif"><B>Poila</B></A> (S.M.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_397.gif"><B>Sakoi</B></A> (S.C.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V22_028.gif"><B>Samka</B></A> (S.C.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_350.gif"><B>Wa States</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_361.gif"><B>Wanyin</B></A> (S.C.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_421.gif"><B>Yawnghwe</B></A> (S.), <A HREF = "http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_427.gif"><B>Yengan</B></A> (S.M.) from Imperial Gazetteer of India (c. 1905) <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <font size = "2" face = "Times Roman"> Click here to go <A HREF = "../../index.html">Home</A> <BR> Click here to go to <A HREF = "../../about.html">Information about KMLA, WHKMLA, the author and webmaster</A> <BR> Click here to go to <A HREF = "../..links.html">Statistics</A><BR> </font> <BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "1"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, 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