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Johor |
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The Kingdom of Aceh was established by a son of the king of Champa in 1471. The ruler of Aceh converted to Islam
early in the 16th century, thus turning Aceh into a sultanate. The Sultanate of Aceh throughout the 16th and into the
17th century was engaged in warfare with Portuguese Malacca, and a rival of the
Sultanate of Johor. Aceh maintained its independence in the years of V.O.C. domination of the Malay Archipelago (1602-1798). The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 foresaw Aceh to remain independent. Only in 1871 did the Netherlands (for the Dutch East Indies) and Britain (for Straits Settlements) sign a new agreement which allocated the Sultanate of Aceh to the Dutch sphere of influence. Dutch military campaigns against Aceh began in 1873, but the conquest of Aceh was only completed in 1908. The Sultanate was abolished, the territory taken under direct Dutch administration. Alternative spellings : Achin, Achen, Atschin, Atjeh, Aceh Aceh 1496-1908 |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Current |
Article Aceh, from Wikipedia Article Atjeh, from Wikipedia Dutch edition |
| Historical |
Cornelis Lekkerkerker, Land en Volk van Sumatra,
in Dutch, from Internet Archive Otto Mohnike, Banka und Palembang, nebst Mittheilungen über Sumatra im Allgemeinen, 1874, in German, posted on Internet Archive Adolph Eschelskroon, Beschryving van het eiland Sumatra : Inzonderheid ten aanzien van deszelfs Koophandel, 1783, in Dutch, GB Gerlach, Abraham Jean Arnaud, Atjih en de Atjinezen beknopt overzicht van onze betrekkingen tot dat rijk, sedert de vestiging der Nederlanders in den Oost-Indischen Archipel, met eene schets van Atjih-hoofd en de omgeving van den Kraton, 1873, in Dutch, SBB |
| Links | General |
Category : Aceh, from Wikipedia Aceh Conflict and Post-Tsunami Recovery, from Conflict Recovery |
| on History |
Links on Aceh History, from F. Willems |
| Portals |
Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsblog |
| Historical Dictionary |
Multatuli Encyclopedie |
| Organizations | on Asian History |
International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA) |
| on Indonesia History |
| Timelines |
Search Google News Archive for Aceh, Acheh, Acheen, Atjeh, click Timeline Chronology, from Conflict Recovery Timeline : Aceh's Struggle for Independence, from buzzle.com Chronological Table of the Principal Events in the History of the Indian Archipelago, pp.481-563 in vol.2 of John Crawfurd, History of the Indian archipelago, 1820, GB |
| Accounts of History | on Sumatra |
W. Marsden, The History of Sumatra (1811), posted by Gutenberg Library Online Arnold van Wickeren, Geschiedenis van Portugal en van de Portugezen overzee, Deel 6 chapter 7 subch.5 : Sumatra Deel 10, chapter 3, subch.0 : De Portugezen verdreven van Sumatra, in Dutch, posted on Colonial Voyage Article : Sumatra : History, from Wikipedia Sumatra History, from Lonely Planet |
| on Aceh |
Malay History : Aceh Kingdom, from Melayu Online;
Article : Atjeh : Geschiedenis, from Wikipedia Dutch edition Article : Aceh Sultanate, from Wikipedia A Brief History of Aceh, from The East Timor Estafeta |
| Specific Periods |
Wap, Jan Jacobus Franciscus,
Het gezantschap van den Sultan van Achin 1602 aan Prins Maurits van Nassau en de Oud-Nederlandsche Republiek, 1862, in Dutch, SBB Jeekel, Leonardus Jacobus Pieter Johannes, Het Sumatra-tractaat, 1881, in Dutch, SBB Borel, George Frederik Willem, Onze vestiging in Atjeh critisch beschreven ; met twee kaarten, 1878, in Dutch, SBB |
| Military |
Atjeh, De bloedige verovering door Nederland (Aceh, the bloody conquest by the Netherlands), from
Arcengel's Homepage De Atjeh-Oorlogen, from Begrippenlijst Nederlands Indie (The Aceh Wars), concise and informative, in Dutch Minor Military Deployments and Actions, from Simonides Warzone US Military Deployments 1833-1992; Instances of use of US Armed Forces abroad, 1798-2001, from Unity (with this site caution is advised, anti-American) Hoffman, F. G., Atchin Verhaal der expeditie in 1857, 1873, in Dutch, SBB Gerlach, Abraham Jean Arnaud, De eerste expeditie tegen Atjih eene bijdrage tot de indische Krijgsgeschiedenis, 1874, in Dutch, SBB Bruinsma, J. F. D., De verovering van Atjeh's Groote Missigit, 1889, in Dutch, SBB |
| Economy & Finances |
City of Salem Pepper Trade, from City of Salem History of Phuket, from Phuket Guide, mentions Acehnese slave raiders J.M. dos Santos Alves, O triangulo Madeira/Achem/Macau. Um projecto transoceanico de comercio de opio (1808-1816), Archipel 1998 vol.56 pp.43-70 |
| Ethnography |
Refugee Studies Centre : Aceh under Martial Law : Conflict, Violence and
Displacement 2005, from Forced Migration Online |
| Religion |
Acehnese Religion, from Overview of World Religions G. Simon, The progress and arrest of Islam in Sumatra (1912), posted on Internet Archive |
| History of Regions |
| Local History |
History of Aceh Sumatra Ports, from Acehpress |
| Institutions |
Inventory of Historically and Culturally Significant Buildings
and Complexes in Aceh, from Lestari Heritage |
| Others |
Lessons from Aceh School, article from the
Guardian Unlimited containing detailed historical information Archaeological and Historical Research in Aceh, from Indonesia Tourism I.A. Mansumoor, Territorial Expansion and Contraction in the Malay Traditional Polity as Reflected in Contemporary Thought and Administration (1999) M.Y. Yusuf, The Consultative Council of Aceh "Ulama" : History and Role in the Aceh Society Godon, A. P., Geen militaire expeditien, maar een kundig en beleidvol bestuur op Sumatra, 1872, in Dutch, SBB |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
Rulers of Aceh, from World Statesmen, scroll down;
from Regnal Chronologies Included in Article : Aceh Kingdom, from Melayu Online |
| Population Figures |
Indonesia : historical demographical data of the administrative divisions, from
Population Statistics by J. Lahmeyer; has population data for Aceh since 1849 |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers] Search Digitaal Krantenarchief at Regionaal Archief Leiden for Atjeh etc. Search Papers Past for Aceh, Atjeh, Achin (New Zealand Newspapers 1839-1920) |
| Image Databanks |
Wikimedia Commons Historical Photos from Aceh, from Photos and Images of the Dutch East Indies, from Arcengel's Homepage |
| Archival Deposits |
Search ARCHIEVEN.NL Search New Zealand Electronic Text Centre Digital Library Malaysia Search National Archives (UK) Search Tropenmuseum for Atjeh; site in Dutch Memories van Overgave, from IDC Publishers; pdf file contains table of contents which lists Atjeh Historical Manuscripts of Aceh, from Univ. Leipzig Foto : Sultan Mohammad Daoed surrenders, January 1903, posted by Zeeburg Nieuws, comment in Dutch |
| Constitutions, Laws |
Adatrechtbundels, ed. by KITLV, Serie F :
Aceh, posted by Papua Web (scroll down) |
| Treaties |
J.E. Heeres (ed.), Corpus Diplomaticum Neerlando-Indicum, Verzameling van politieke contracten en verdere Verdragen door de
Nederlanders in het Oosten gesloten, van Privilegiebrieven aan hen verleend, enz.,
vol.1 1907, covering 1596-1650, posted on Internet Archive;
here English-language ToC Peace Agreements Digital Collection : Aceh, from United States Institute of Peace Treaty with the King of Acheen, April 22 1819, pp.1143-1144 in vol.23 of British and foreign state papers, 1852, GB Treaty between Great Britain and the Netherlands, London, March 17 1824, pp.194-203 in vol.11 of British and foreign state papers, 1843, GB Note addressed by the British Plenipotentiaries to the Plenipotentiaries of the Netherlands, March 17 1824, pp.203-206 in vol.11 of British and foreign state papers, 1843, GB Treatise of 1824, from Indonesie en Den Haag : een lange Geschiedenis, text in Dutch Sumatra - Acheen pp.303-306 in vol.1 of A collection of treaties, engagements, and sunnuds, relating to India and Neighbouring Countries, 1862, GB |
| Document Collections |
BGNMA : Tiele, Pieter Anton; Heeres, Jan Ernst (ed.), Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis der Nederlanders in den Maleischen Archipel
Pt.1, 1886 : Outer Possessions 1612-1624,
posted by Internet Archive, in Dutch; here English-language ToC;
Pt.2, 1890 (ONGOI 2 vol.2) : Outer Possessions 1624-1640,
posted by Aceh Books, in Dutch; here English-language ToC Heeres, J.E. (ed.), Pt.3 1895 (ONGOI 2 vol.3), Outer Possessions 1640-1649, posted by Internet Archive, here English-language ToC Official Documents Pertaining to the Prehistory of the 1st Acehnese War of 1873, from Indonesie en Den Haag : een lange Geschiedenis, many documents linked up, in Dutch Hoe beschaafd Nederland in den twintigste eeuw vrede en orde schept op Atjeh, by Officer Wekker, 1907 (How the civilized Netherlands establish peace and order in Aceh) |
| Historical Maps |
Map of Aceh during the van Heutsz. Campaign, from
Arcengel's Homepage Map of the Aceh Kraton, from Caert-Thresoor 18, 1999, with commenting text (scroll down, text by F.J. Ormeling sr.) Map of N. Sumatra 1598, from East Indies in 1598, map at J. Bell Library, Univ. of Minnesota Talessman's Atlas, series of maps of the Eastern Hemisphere 1300 BC - 1500 AD |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
Acheen, pp.101-102 in Encyclopaedia Perthensis,
1816, GB Acheen, p.91 in vol.1 of The London Encyclopaedia, 1820, GB Article Aceh, from EB 1902 Article Achin, from EB 1911 Article Atschin, in Pierer's Universal-Lexikon 1857-1865, in German Article Atschin, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German Article Atschin, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1902-1908, in German |
| Religious |
| Economic |
Achem, pp.16-17 in vol.2 of S. Ricard, Traite general du commerce,
1781, in French, GB Entry : Achem, pp.661-664 in : J.F. Lange et al., Übersicht und Berechnung aller Münzen, Ellenmaasse und Handelsgewichte von allen Welttheilen, 1804, in German, GB Acheen, pp.325-331 in vol.1 of W. Milburn, Oriental Commerce, 1813, GB Acheen, pp.356-361 in Oriental Commerce, or, The East India Trader's Complete Guide, 1825, GB J. Chr. Nelkenbrecher, Allgemeines Taschenbuch der Münz-, Maass- und Gewichtskunde für Banquiers und Kaufleute (General Manual on Coinage, Measurement and Weights, for Bankers and Merchants) Berlin 1832, in German, entries Achem or Acheen, posted by DTBSWS |
| Geographical |
Article : Sumatra, pp.188-191 in vol.8 of A.A. Bruzen de la Martiniere,
Le Grand Dictionnaire Geographique et Critique,
1738, in French, GB The Acheen Islands and their Passages, pp.321-326 in J. Huddart, The oriental navigator, or, New directions for sailing to and from the East, 1801, GB Acheen, p.12 in j. Walker, The Universal Gazetteer, 1807, GB Malay Archipelago : Achen, pp.359-361 in J.H. Tuckey, Maritime Geography and Statistics, 1815, GB Kingdom of Acheen, pp.432-435 in C. Malte-Brun, Universal Geography, or, a Description of All the Parts of the World, 1822, GB Acheen, pp.29-31 in The Edinburgh Gazetteer, or Geographical Dictionary, 1822, GB Article : Acheen, pp.31-32 in vol.1 of G.N. Wright, A New and Comprehensive Gazetteer, 1834, GB G.Th. Landmann, A universal gazetteer; or, Geographical dictionary of the world (1835), posted on Acheen, p.226 in vol.5 of J. Bell, A System of Geography, Popular and Scientific, 1836, GB Internet Archive; search for Acheen Article : Achin (pp.2-6), from John Crawfurd, A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands & Adjacent Countries 1856, posted on Internet Archive Articles Achem, from Geografisk-Statistisk Haandbog 1858-1863, in Danish |
| Historical |
De Weert retourne a Achen, pp.338-343 in vol.14 of J.A. de Thou,
Histoire Universelle depuis 1543 jusqu'en 1607, 1734, in French, GB Treats of the Situation, Trade and Produce of the Island of Sumatra, and of Manners and Customs of its Inhabitants, pp.152-166 in vol.1 of Th. Salmon, Modern History or the Present State of all Nations 1744, GB P.J.A. Roubaud, Histoire generale de l'Asie, de l'Afrique, de l'Amerique, vol.1, 1770, vol.2, 1770, vol.3, 1770, vol.4, 1770, vol.5, 1770, vol.6, 1770, vol.8, 1771, vol.9, 1771, vol.10, 1771, vol.11, 1771, vol.12, 1771, vol.13, 1775, vol.14, 1775, vol.15, 1775, in French, GB; search for Achin |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) Staten Generaal Digitaal (Dutch Parliament, 1900-1994) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
The Country of Achin (1688), pp.120-149 in vol.1 of W. Dampier,
A new voyage round the world, 1699, GB Voyage de P. van den Broeck, pp.523-525 in vol.7 of Recueil des voyages qui ont servi a l'etablissement et aux progrez de la Compagnie des Indes Orientales formee dans les Provinces-Unies des Pais Bas, 1725, in French, GB J. Anderson, Mission to the east coast of Sumatra: in M.DCCC.XXIII , 1826, GB |
| Institutions | Archives |
TANAP : Archives |
| Musea |
Museum Aceh, from Aceh Gallery |
| Monuments |
| Libraries |
| National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag of Aceh, by Jaume Olle Aceh flag of 1840, from Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, collection, 1250 major exhibits, encyclopedia, A, Aceh War, thumbnail image |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Coin Catalog of Atjeh, from Numismaticon Search Coin Archives for Aceh, Atjeh, Achin Samudra-Passa and Aceh Daressalaam, from Zeno |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS) |
| Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
e-corpus Gallica Center for Research Libraries (CRL) |
| related to Aceh |
New Zealand Electronic Text Centre DBNG Digital Library Malaysia Sejarah Melayu Library Malaysian Theses Online Borneo Research Bulletin |
| on Aceh |
Aceh Books |
| Online Journals | Guides |
Electronic Journals Online |
| modern, on SE Asia |
South East Asia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS;
Journal of Southeast Asian History 1960-1969,
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2009-,
from Cambridge Journals Online (require registration) ASEAS (Austrian Journal of South East Asian Studies), open access, 2008- Asia Insights, from NIAS, 2002- Southeast Asian Studies 1963-, mostly in Japanese Explorations, 1997- Graduate Student Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, CSEAS, Univ. of Hawaii |
| General Accounts | on Southeast Asia |
Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c |
| On Indonesia, Dutch East Indies |
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.21, pp.213-245 Article Indonesia KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.21 Steven Drakeley, The History of Indonesia, Westport CT : Greenwood 2005, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959.8 0763h |
| on Sumatra |
Edwin M. Loeb, Sumatra, Its History and People, (1935) Singapore : Oxford UP 1972 [G] |
| Specific Topics |
| Historical Atlas |
HASEA : Jan M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of South-East Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G] |
