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Deli Siak
First posted on May 5th 2010






From 1630 to 1946, Asahan (a successor to Aru) was a sultanate, first under the sovereignty of Aceh, from 1780 under that of Siak. The dependency on Siak was terminated in 1884, when it was replaced by a dependency on the Dutch East Indies.

In 19th century sources, Langkat, Deli, Serdang and Asahan often summarily are treated as having been part of Batta (Batak) country.
Alternative spellings : Asahan, Assahan, Assan







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WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES
Country Profiles Current Article : Asahan Sultanate, from Wikipedia
Article : Kesultanan Asahan, from Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia edition
Historical Cornelis Lekkerkerker, Land en Volk van Sumatra, in Dutch, from Internet Archive
Otto Mohnike, Banka und Palembang, nebst Mittheilungen über Sumatra im Allgemeinen, 1874, in German, posted on Internet Archive
Adolph Eschelskroon, Beschryving van het eiland Sumatra : Inzonderheid ten aanzien van deszelfs Koophandel, 1783, in Dutch, GB
Links on History
Timelines Search Google News Archive for Asahan, click Timeline
Timeline of Indonesian History, from Serajah Indonesia , 11 sub-timelines, illustrated, very detailed
Accounts of History J.P. Parraud, Histoire de Sumatra, 1788, in French, from Internet Archive
William Marsden, The history of Sumatra, 1784, posted on Internet Archive
Salomon Müller, Bijdragen tot de kennis van Sumatra : bijzonder in geschiedkundig en ethnographisch opzigt 1846, in Dutch, posted on Internet Archive
Article : Asahan Sultanate, from Wikipedia
Brief History of Asahan, by Christopher Buyers
Specific Periods
Historiography
Military
Economy & Finances John N. Micsic, Traditional Sumatran Trade, Bulletin de l'Ecole Française d'Extreme Orient 1985 vol.74 pp.423-467
Willem Westerman, De Tabakskultuur op Sumatra's Oostkust, 1901, in Dutch, posted on Internet Archive
Ethnography Salomon Müller, Bijdragen tot de kennis van Sumatra : bijzonder in geschiedkundig en ethnographisch opzigt 1846, in Dutch, posted on Internet Archive
Indonesia, from Tamil Nation
The History and Western Discovery of the Batak, from Virtual Collection of Masterpieces
Cornelis Lekkerkerker, Land en Volk van Sumatra, in Dutch, from Internet Archive
Religion Gottfried Simon, The progress and arrest of Islam in Sumatra 1912, posted on Internet Archive
Local History
Institutions
Culture
Biographies
Others J. Kathirithambi-Wells, Hulu-hilir Unity and Conflict: Malay Statecraft in East Sumatra before the Mid-Nineteenth Century, Archipel 1993 vol.45 pp.77-96

WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS
Historical Data Lists of Statesmen Sultans of Asahan, from World Statesmen
Genealogical Gleanings : Asahan
Population Figures
Documents Historical Newspapers Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers]
Search Digitaal Krantenarchief at Regionaal Archief Leiden
Search Papers Past (New Zealand Newspapers 1839-1920)
Image Databanks Search Geheugen van Nederland ; Search Tropenmuseum; site in Dutch

Archival Deposits Search ARCHIEVEN.NL
Search New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
Digital Library Malaysia
Search National Archives (UK)
Search Tropenmuseum for Deli; site in Dutch
Memories van Overgave, from IDC Publishers; pdf file contains table of contents
E. Schwidder, E. Vermeij, Guide to the Asian Collections at the International Institute of Social History (IISG 2007) [400 page file]
Constitutions, Laws
Treaties J.E. Heeres (ed.), Corpus Diplomaticum Neerlando-Indicum, Verzameling van politieke contracten en verdere Verdragen door de Nederlanders in het Oosten gesloten, van Privilegiebrieven aan hen verleend, enz., vol.1 1907, covering 1596-1650, posted on Internet Archive; here English-language ToC
Treaty between Great Britain and the Netherlands, London, March 17 1824, pp.194-203 in vol.11 of British and foreign state papers, 1843, GB
Treatise of 1824, from Indonesie en Den Haag : een lange Geschiedenis, text in Dutch
Document Collections BGNMA : Tiele, Pieter Anton; Heeres, Jan Ernst (ed.), Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis der Nederlanders in den Maleischen Archipel Pt.1, 1886 : Outer Possessions 1612-1624, posted by Internet Archive, in Dutch; here English-language ToC; Pt.2, 1890 (ONGOI 2 vol.2) : Outer Possessions 1624-1640, posted by Aceh Books, in Dutch; here English-language ToC
Heeres, J.E. (ed.), Pt.3 1895 (ONGOI 2 vol.3), Outer Possessions 1640-1649, posted by Internet Archive, here English-language ToC
Historical Maps
Historical
Encyclopedia Entries 		Secular Article Sumatra, from EB 1911
Religious
Economic Of Sumatra (reference to Deli), p.678 in W. Beaves, Lex mercatoria rediviva: or, The merchant's directory, 1773, GB
Geographical Article : Assan, p.279 in The Edinburgh gazetteer, or geographical dictionary, 1822, GB
Article : Assahan, p.493 in vol.1 of A new and comprehensive gazetteer, 1834, GB
Article : Assan, p.530 in Diccionario geografico universal 1836, in Spanish, GB
Article : Asahan, p.352 in vol.1 of A.J. van der Aa, Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden, 1839, in Dutch, GB
Historical Article : Sumatra, pp.1133-1134 in L. Moreri, Le grand dictionnaire historique 1689, in French, GB
Parliamentary Debates Hansard (British Parliament)
Staten Generaal Digitaal (Dutch Parliament, 1900-1994)
Tour Guides, Travelogues J. Anderson, Mission to the east coast of Sumatra: in M.DCCC.XXIII , 1826, GB
Institutions Archives TANAP : Archives
Musea
Monuments Interesting Places in Medan, from Hotels in Medan
Libraries
National Symbols Flags, Coats of Arms Flag, from FOTW
Coins, Banknotes

PRINTED REFERENCE
Bibliographies general Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS)
Search ISBN Database for Deli
Search RHS Bibliography for Deli
UK National Archive Online Library
Online Libraries general Gutenberg Library Online, Internet Archive
Persee (French search engine)
related to Sumatra New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
DBNG
Digital Library Malaysia
Sejarah Melayu Library
Malaysian Theses Online
Borneo Research Bulletin
on Sumatra Aceh Books
Online Journals Guides Electronic Journals Online
modern, on SE Asia South East Asia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS; Journal of Southeast Asian History 1960-1969, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2009-, from Cambridge Journals Online (require registration)
ASEAS (Austrian Journal of South East Asian Studies), open access, 2008-
Asia Insights, from NIAS, 2002-
Southeast Asian Studies 1963-, mostly in Japanese
Explorations, 1997- Graduate Student Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, CSEAS, Univ. of Hawaii
modern, on Indonesia Archipel, use Persee (French search engine)
BTLV 1853-1908, 1950-2009
historic, on Asia The Quarterly Oriental Magazine, Review and Register (Calcutta) 1824 Mar.-Jun., 1825 Jan.-Jun., 1825 Jul.-Dec., 1826 Jan.-Jun., 1826 Jul.-Dec., 1827 Jan.-Jun., 1827 Jul.-Dec., GB
Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany for British India and its Dependencies (London) vol.1 1816 Jan.-Jun., vol.2 1816 Jul.-Dec., vol.3 1817 Jan.-Jun., vol.4 1817 Jul.-Dec., vol.5 1818 Jan.-Jun., vol.6 1818 Jul.-Dec., vol.7 1819 Jan.-Jun., vol.8 1819 Jul.-Dec., vol.9 1820 Jan.-Jun., vol.10 1820 Jul.-Dec., vol.11 1821 Jan.-Jun., vol.12 1821 Jul.-Dec., vol.13 1822 Jan.-Jun., vol.14 1822 Jul.-Dec., vol.15 1823 Jan.-Jun., vol.16 1823 Jul.-Dec., vol.17 1824 Jan.-Jun., vol.18 1824 Jul.-Dec., vol.19 1825 Jan.-Jun., vol.20 1825 Jul.-Dec., vol.21 1826 Jan.-Jun., vol.22 1826 Jul.-Dec., vol.23 1827 Jan.-Jun., vol.24 1827 Jul.-Dec., vol.25 1828 Jan.-Jun., vol.26 1828 Jul.-Dec., vol.27 1829 Jan.-Jun., vol.28 1829 Jul.-Dec., The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China and Australasia (London), vol.1 1830 Jan.-Apr., vol.2 1830 May-Aug., vol.3 1830 Sep.-Dec., vol.4 1831 Jan.-Apr., vol.5 1831 May-Aug., vol.6 1831 Sep.-Dec., vol.7 1832 Jan.-Apr., vol.8 1832 May-Aug., vol.9 1832 Sep.-Dec., vol.10 1833 Jan.-Apr., vol.11 1833 May-Aug., vol.12 1833 Sep.-Dec., vol.13 1834 Jan.-Apr., vol.14 1834 May-Aug., vol.15 1834 Sep.-Dec., vol.16 1835 Jan.-Apr., vol.17 1835 May-Aug., vol.18 1835 Sep.-Dec., vol.19 1836 Jan.-Apr., vol.20 1836 May-Aug., vol.21 1836 Sep.-Dec., vol.22 1837 Jan.-Apr., vol.23 1837 May-Aug., vol.24 1837 Sep.-Dec., vol.25 1838 Jan.-Apr., vol.26 1838 May-Aug., vol.27 1838 Sep.-Dec., vol.28 1839 Jan.-Apr., vol.29 1839 May-Aug., vol.31 1840 Jan.-Apr., vol.32 1840 May-Aug., vol.33 1840 Sep.-Dec., vol.34 1841 Jan.-Apr., vol.35 1841 May-Aug., vol.36 1841 Sep.-Dec., vol.37 1842 Jan.-Apr., vol.38 1842 May-Aug., vol.39 1843 Sep.-Dec., vol.40 1843 Jan.-Apr., The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany, vol.1 1843 May-Oct., vol.2 1843 Nov.-1844 Apr., vol.3 1844 May-Oct., vol.4 1844 Nov.-1845 Apr., GB
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland (London), vol.1, 1834, vol.2, 1835, vol.3, 1836, vol.4, 1837, vol.5, 1839, vol.6, 1841, vol.7, 1843, vol.8, 1846, vol.9, 1848, vol.10, 1847, vol.12, 1850, vol.13, 1852, vol.14 pt.1, 1851, vol.15, 1855, vol.16, 1856, vol.17, 1860, vol.18, 1861, vol.19, 1864, vol.20, 1863, New Series, vol.1, 1865, vol.2, 1866, vol.3, 1868, vol.4, 1870, 1904, 1935, GB
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Calcutta), vol.1, 1832 Jan.-Dec., vol.3, 1834 Jan.-Dec., vol.4, 1835 Jan.-Dec., vol.5, 1836 Jan.-Dec., vol.6 pt.1 1837 Jan.-Jun., vol.6 pt.2 1837 Jul.-Dec., vol.7 pt.1 1838 Jan.-Jun., vol.7 pt.2 1838 Jul.-Dec., vol.9 pt.2 1840 Jul.-Dec., vol.10 pt.1 1841 Jan.-Jun., vol.10 pt.2 1841 Jul.-Dec., vol.11 pt.1 1842 Jan.-Jun., vol.11 pt.2 1842 Jul.-Dec., vol.12 pt.1 1843 Jan.-Jun., vol.12 pt.2 1843 Jul.-Dec., vol.13 pt.1 1844 Jan.-Jun., vol.13 pt.2 1844 Jul.-Dec., vol.14 pt.1 1845 Jan.-Jun., vol.14 pt.2 1845 Jul.-Dec., vol.15 1846, vol.16 pt.1 1847 Jan.-Jun., vol.17 pt.1 1848 Jan.-Jun., vol.17 pt.2 1848 Jul.-Dec., vol.18 pt.1 1849 Jan.-Jun., vol.18 pt.2 1849 Jul.-Dec., vol.19 1850, vol.20 1851, vol.21 1852, vol.22 1853, vol.23 issues 1-4 1854, vol.23 issues 5-7 1854, vol.26 1857, vol.27 1858, vol.28 1859, vol.29 1860, vol.31 1862, vol.32 1863, vol.33 1864, vol.36 1867, vol.37 1868, vol.38 1869, GB
Asiatic Society of Bengal, Dissertations and Miscellaneous Pieces Relating to the History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences and Literature of Asia (London) vol.1 1801, vol.2 1801, vol.3 1796, vol.4 1798, Asiatick Researches; or Transactions of the Society Instituted in Bengal for Inquiring into the History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences and Literature of Asia, vol.5 1799, vol.6 1801, vol.7 1803, vol.8 1808, vol.9 1809, vol.10 1811, vol.11 1812, vol.12 1818, vol.13 1820, vol.14 1822, vol.15 1825, vol.16 1828, vol.17 1832, vol.20 1836, GB
The Oriental Herald and Colonial Review (London) vol.1 1824 Jan.-Apr., vol.2 1824 May-Aug., The Oriental Herald and Journal of General Literature (London) vol.4 1825 Jan.-Mar., vol.6 1825 Jul.-Sep., vol.7 1825 Oct.-Dec., vol.8 1826 Jan.-Mar., vol.9 1826 Apr.-Jun., vol.10 1826 Jul.-Sep., vol.11 1826 Oct.-Dec., vol.12 1827 Jan.-Mar., vol.13 1827 Apr.-Jun., vol.14 1827 Jul.-Sep., vol.15 1827 Oct.-Dec., vol.16 1828 Jan.-Mar., vol.17 1828 Apr.-Jun., vol.18 1828 Jul.-Sep., vol.19 1828 Oct.-Dec., vol.21 1829 Apr.-Jun., vol.22 1829 Jul.-Sep., vol.23 1829 Oct.-Dec., GB
The Asiatic Annual Register or a View of the History of Hindustan and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia, vol.1 1799, vol.2 1800, vol.3 1801, vol.4 1802, vol.5 1803, vol.6 1804, vol.7 1805, vol.8 1806 pt.2, vol.9 1807, vol.10 1808, vol.11 1809, vol.12 1810-1811, GB
Journal Asiatique 1822-1937, posted by Gallica, in French
historic, on DEI Staatsblad van Nederlandisch Indië 1816, 1825, 1833, 1838, 1845, 1849, 1854, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, Bijblad op het Staatsblad van Nederlandisch Indië 1859, 1861, 1862, 1864, in Dutch, GB
General Accounts on Southeast Asia Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c
On Indonesia, Dutch East Indies Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.21, pp.213-245 Article Indonesia KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.21
Steven Drakeley, The History of Indonesia, Westport CT : Greenwood 2005, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959.8 0763h
on Sumatra Edwin M. Loeb, Sumatra, Its History and People, (1935) Singapore : Oxford UP 1972 [G]
Specific Topics
Historical Atlasses Jan M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of Southeast Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G]
Yearbook Entries