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Pontianak Mempawah
First posted on January 16th 2010, last revised on May 6th 2010






An inland Malay historical state in Western Kalimantan (Borneo), located to the east of Pontianak, established in 1478, famous for the production of gold and diamonds. Long a dependency of Sukadana, with it first subject to Majapahit, later to Mataram and in the 18th century yo Banten, until the latter ceased its claims to the V.O.C. With the Dutch East Indies establishing itself in .

Alternative spellings : Landak, Landa, Landah, Landac






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P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e
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WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES
Country Profiles on West Borneo Article : West Kalimantan, from Wikipedia
Pieter Johannes Veth, Borneo's Wester-Afdeling, 1854, in Dutch, posted on Internet Archive
Denys Lombard, Guide Archipel IV : Pontianak et son arriere-pays, Archipel 1984 vol.28 pp.77-97
on Landak Landak en Succadana, pp.135-136 in A. Huysers, Beknopte beschryving der Oostindische etablissementen 1792, in Dutch, GB
Dr. Leyden, Sketch of Borneo : of the Western Coast of Borneo, pp.25-33, of Pontiana pp.33-53, of the Dayak pp.53-64 in : Transactions of the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences vol.7 1814
Article : Kabupaten Landak, from Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia ed.
Links General Category : West Kalimantan, from Wikipedia
Borneo Research Bulletin
Indonesisch Borneo, from startpagina.nl
on History Categorie : Geschiedenis van Borneo, from Wikipedia Dutch edition
Organizations International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA)
Japan Society for Southeast Asian Studies (JSSEAS)
The International Center for East Asian Archaeology and Cultural History (ICEAACH)
Finnish University Network for East and Southeast Asian Studies
Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
Timelines Search Google News Archive for Landak, click Timeline
Accounts of History on Borneo Kalimantan Overview, from Building Human Security in Indonesia
on Kalimantan Barat Introduction to Kalimantan Barat, from Indahnesia
on Landak Landak, from almanach.be; site requiring registration
Specific Periods Mary Somers Heidhues, The First Two Sultans of Pontianak , Archipel 1998 vol.56 pp.273-294
J. Willi, The early relations of England with Borneo to 1805 (1922), posted on Internet Archive
Historiography Chairil Effendi, Oral Tradition and Identity in West Kalimantan Society, Sari 27 2009 pp.3-12
V. Matheson, The Tuhfat al-Nafis : Structure and Sources, from BTLV 127 1971 pp.375-392
Military The Conquer of Borneo Island 1941-1942, from The Netherlands East Indies 1941-1942; Describing the Japanese Occupation: a case of West Kalimantan, from a Japanese site
D. Teeuwen, Some Remarks about inception, organization and feats of arms of the Royal Dutch East Indian Army (KNIL)
Article Expeditie naar de Westerafdeling van Borneo (1850-1854), from Wikipedia Dutch edition
Okuno Katsumi : Describing the Japanese Occupation: a case of West Kalimantan
Economy & Finances Borneo's Diamond Mining History : Cempaka & Landak, from All about Gemstones
About the Matan - The Largest Diamond in the World, by J.J. Kent
Harold Brookfield, Lesley Potter, and Yvonne Byron In Place of the Forest : Environmental and Socio-economic Transformation in Borneo and the Eastern Malay Peninsula, UNU 1995
Ethnography James T. Collins, Contesting Straits-Malayness : the Fact of Borneo, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32 2001 pp.385-395
Religion Bornean Religions, from Overview of World Religions
History of Regions
Local History
Institutions Jamie S. Davidson, Primitive Politics : The Rise and Fall of the Dayak Unity Party in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, NUS Asia Research Institute Working Paoer no.9 2003
Biographies Article Reinier de Klerk, from Wikipedia Dutch edition
Reynier de Klerck, from De V.O.C. Site, in Dutch
Pirate Encyclopedia by Arne Zuidhoek
Others Borneo Research Council 2004 : Captain Burn and associates : British intelligence-gathering, trade, and litigation in Borneo and beyond during the early nineteenth century. posted by The Free Library

WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS
Historical Data Lists of Statesmen Indonesia : Princely States : Landak, from World Statesmen
Population Figures Kalimantan Barat, from Population Statistics by Jan Lahmeyer; data since 1930
Documents Historical Newspapers Kranten - historisch, from startpagina.nl Dutch language site
Search Archief Leeuwarder Courant (1752-) in Dutch
Search Digitaal Krantenarchief at Regionaal Archief Leiden, in Dutch
Search Papers Past (New Zealand Newspapers 1839-1920)
Search Newspapers SG (Singapore Newspapers 1831-2006)
Historic Australian Newspapers 1803-1954
Image Databanks Geheugen van Nederland; site in Dutch; Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam; Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden; Maritiem Digitaal (Dutch Maritime Musea); Leiden University Digital Sources (mostly images); Wikimedia Commons; Atlas of Mutual Heritage
Koleksi Foto, from Indonesian National Library, site in Bahasa Indonesia
Archival Deposits online Manuscript Collection, from Indonesian National Library, Koleksi Digital
Archival Deposits index online Search ARCHIEVEN.NL
Smithsonian Institution Research Information System (SIRIS, search in Archives, Manuscripts and Photographs); has numerous items on Borneo
Inventory of the Oriental Manuscripts of the Library of the University of Leiden vol.12
Memories van Overgave, from IDC Publishers; pdf file contains table of contents which lists Soekadana
KITLV Library, Manuscripts and Archives
Adatrechtbundels, ed. by KITLV, Serie L : Borneo, posted by Papua Web (scroll down)
Archival Deposits Catalogue of Historic Archive Reconstructie van het Archief van de V.O.C. Vestiging Pontianak, from Tanap, in Dutch
Individual Documents Government of Borneo and its Dependencies, a Proclamation of the Governor-General of Netherlands India, published at Buitenzorg February 28th 1846, scan, source not given
Progress of the Borneo Mission, 1850 Report, from Anglican History; Chinese Repository 1840 - Journal of Occurrences, Borneo, from The Centre for the Study of Christianity in Asia
Historical Maps 1521 Map of Borneo by Antonio Pigafetta, posted on Wikimedia Commons
Maps and Atlasses Collection : Borneo, from University of Leiden Digital Sources
Borneo Administrative 1914, from History Map
Map Room Netherlands Indies, from Orbat
Historical
Encyclopedia Entries
Secular Article Territorial Divisions of Borneo, from EB 1902
Article Borneo, from EB 1911, posted by Classic Encyclopedia
Article Borneo, in Pierer's Universal-Lexikon 1857-1865, in German, posted by Zeno
Article Bugi, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German, posted by Retro Bibliothek; Article Borneo, from Meyers Grosses Konversationslexikon 1902-1909, in German, posted by Zeno
Religious
Economic Borneo, p.1300 in vol.1 of J.S. de Bruslons, Dictionnaire Universel de Commerce, 1726, in French, GB
Borneo p.1318 in vol.5 of J.S. de Brulons, Dictionnaire universel de commerce: d'histoire naturelle, & des arts & metiers, 1765, in French, GB
Of Borneo, pp.678-679 in W. Beawes, Lex mercatoria rediviva 1773, GB
Landak en Succadana, pp.135-136 in Ariën Huysers, Beknopte beschryving der Oostindische etablissementen, 1792, in Dutch, GB
Of Borneo, pp.246-247 in vol.2 of W. Beawes, Lex mercatoria rediviva 1813, GB
Borneo, p.198 in vol.1 of A. Schiebe, Universal-Lexikon der Handelswissenschaften, 1837, in German, GB
Geographical Article : Landa, p.301 in vol.2 of Algemeen aardrijkskundig woordenboek, 1823, in Dutch, GB
Le pays de Landak, p.254 in : G.L.D. de Rienzi, Oceanie, ou cinquieme partie du monde, 1836, in French, GB
Le royaume de Landak, p.395 in J.J.N. Hunt, Precis de la geographie universelle, 1837, in French, GB
Article : Landak, pp.32-33 in vol.7 of A.J. van der Aa, Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden, 1846, in Dutch, GB
Articles : Borneo pp.57-66, Landak pp.206-207, from John Crawfurd, A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands & Adjacent Countries 1856, posted on Internet Archive
Articles Borneo, from Geografisk-Statistisk Haandbog 1858-1863, in Danish, posted by Project Runeberg
Historical
Parliamentary Debates Staten Generaal Digitaal (Dutch Parliament, 1900-1994)
Hansard (British Parliament)
Historical Travelogues A. W. Nieuwenhuis, In Centraal Borneo, Reis van Pontianak naar Samarinda [1894-1900] 1900, in Dutch, posted on Internet Archive
R.W.C. Shelford, E.B. Poulton, A Naturalist in Borneo 1912, posyed on Internet Archive
Tivadar Posewitz, Borneo: Entdeckungsreisen und Untersuchungen : gegenwärtiger Stand der geologischen Kenntniss. Verbreitung von Mineralien 1889, in German, posted on Internet Archive
J.H.W. Meijerink, Brieven uit Indië. Aan het Deldens Weekblad, 1948, Eerste tournee kartering West Borneo, in Dutch, posted by Caert Thresor 26, 2007
Institutions Musea Kalimantan Museums and Kalimantan Art Galleries, from World Guides; no entry for Sambas
Tropenmuseum Amsterdam
Official Symbols Flags, Coats of Arms
Coins, Banknotes

PRINTED REFERENCE
Bibliographies General ISBN Database
of former Colonial Powers Bibliopolis
RHS Bibliography
Nederlandse Bibliografie; DBNG
KITLV Library
on SE Asia Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS)
National Library of Australia, Indonesian Resources from the Dutch Period
on Borneo Index of Borneo Research Bulletin, -2006
Borneo Bibliography 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, from Borneo Research Bulletin
Books & Articles on Borneo, from Krul Antiquarian Books, commercial site
Reviews Review of P.J. Veth's Borneo's Wester Afdeling (1854), in De Gids 1855 pp.697-730, in Dutch
Online Libraries Online Libraries Gutenberg Library Online, Internet Archive
Persee (French search engine)
CIFOR Publications (on Forest Management)
Collections of Theses Narcis (server for theses from the Netherlands)
On Southeast Asia Sejarah Melayu Library
KITLV Aceh Books
Perpustakaan Nasional (Indonesian National Library), click Koleksi Digital
NUS Asia Research Institute ARI Working Papers Series
K-Borneo, site requires registration
Online Journals On South-East Asia Moussons. Recherche en sciences humaines sur l'Asie du Sud-Est
Bulletin de l'Ecole française de l'Extreme Orient 1901-2003
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 1979-
Southeast Asian Studies e-Bulletin 1996-
On the Malay Archipelago Archipel 1971-2004 (French search engine)
BTLV 1853-1908, 1950-2009
Institute of the Malay World and Civilization, Sari 1999-2009, partly in English, partly in Bahasa Malaysia
On Borneo Borneo Research Bulletin
On Southeast Asia Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c
On Ethnology Tribal Arts 1994-2004
Shubunken. Asian Ethnology (formerly Asian Folklore Studies) 1942-2008
On Military History Mars et Historia, in Dutch on Dutch Military History
General Accounts On Indonesia, Dutch East Indies, Borneo Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.21, pp.213-245 Article Indonesia KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.21
Steven Drakeley, The History of Indonesia, Westport CT : Greenwood 2005, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959.8 0763h
on Landak
Historical Atlasses Jan M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of Southeast Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G]