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In 1786 to 1824 the E.I.C. / Britain acquired Penang, Singapore and Malacca. From 1786 to 1909 it
established its influence over the states on the Malay peninsula, which from 1909 to 1946 were divided in the
Straits Settlements (under direct British rule, consisting
of Penang, Malacca and Singapore, together with areas distant from the Malay peninsula -
Labuan, the Cocos Islands and
Christmas Island), the Federated Malay States
(Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan,
Pahang)
and the Unfederated Malay States (Johor, Perlis,
Kedah, Kelantan, Trengganu).
Sarawak and North Borneo remained separate entities. From 1942 to 1945 the Malay peninsula and adjacent islands were under Japanese occupation. After the reestablishment of British administration, the Straits Settlements were disbanded and the Federation of Malaya established on the Malay Peninsula. Sarawak and North Borneo were restored as separate entities. In 1957 the Federation of Malaya (minus Singapore) was released into independence. The Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo (Sabah) were threatened by the Konfrontasi policy pursued by their powerful neighbour to the South, Indonesia. The Federation of Malaya further underwent a Communist insurrection, the Malayan Emergency (1948-1960), mainly supported by the large Chinese ethnicity inhabiting the peninsula. In order to create a viable political entity, in 1963 Malaysia was established by the merger of the Federation of Malaya, Sarawak, North Borneo and Singapore. In 1965 Singapore declared independence. Since independence, Malaysia has joined ASEAN (1967) and undergone strong economic development. While the ethnic Malay element (barely making up over 50 % of the population) is still dominant, tensions with the ethnic minorities, the Chinese and the Indians, have diminished. This page focusses on the History of Malaysia since 1963. Malaysia since 2003 Malaysia 1981-2003 Malaysia 1963-1981 Historical Atlas, Malaysia Page (since 1963) List of Wars : Malay Peninsula (until 1963) |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles |
from BBC Country Profiles;
from World Desk Reference ;
from Nations Encyclopedia;
from Wikipedia;
from CIA World Factbook Country : Malaysia |
| Links | General |
from Library of Congress, Portals to the World;
from BUBL;
from dmoz;
Links on Malaysia (chapter on M. History) from
Univ. Oregon, Asian Studies List of Malaysia-related Topics, from Wikipedia Virtual Library Malaysia Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia |
| on History |
from Virtual Library Malaysia;
from Univ. Oregon, Asian Studies |
| Historical Dictionaries |
| Timelines |
from BBC News,
from timelines.ws;
from geographia.com;
another one from Malaysia Stall |
| Accounts of History |
Sejarah Melayu. A History of the Malay Peninsula, from malaya.org.uk History of Malaysia, from World Travel Guide, from Asian Info, Lonely Planet Article History of Malaysia, from Wikipedia; from Crime and Society. A Comparative Criminology Tour of the World (Robert Winslow) |
| Politics |
Political Resources on the Net : Malaysia;
Governments on the WWW : Malaysia Article Politics of Malaysia, from Wikipedia |
| Military |
Wars affecting the Malay Peninsula, until 1963 (at this site) Wars of Malaysia, 1800-1999, from ACED Article Military History of Malaysia, from Wikipedia |
| Economy & Finances |
A Global History of Currencies :
Malaysia;
Article Economy of Malaysia, from Wikipedia History, from Bursa Malaysia; from Wikipedia Article Malaysian Ringgit, from Wikipedia Economic History of Malaysia, from Economic History Encyclopedia Category Economic History of Malaysia, from Wikipedia Tin Mining in Malaysia - Present and Future, from TED Case Studies; Tin Tales from the Past, from Malaysia up Close The Story of Malaysian Natural Rubber, from Malaysian Rubber Board Malaysia Energy Profile, from Energy Information Administration; Article Petronas : History, from Wikipedia Article Proton : History, from Wikipedia Search Company History, Funding Universe : Company Histories for Malaysia Company Histories : Petronas, Malaysian Airlines, Sime Darby Berhad, Malayan Banking Berhad, Berjaya Group, PPB Group, Genting Bhd., Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Bhd., from Funding Universe Category : Enterprise Malaysia, from Economy Point Association of Banks in Malaysia, History of the Banking Industry in Malaysia |
| Ethnography |
Languages of Malaysia (141), from Ethnologue Minorities at Risk, scroll down for Malaysia - Chinese, Dayaks, East Indians, Kadazans Country Report : Malaysia, from U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (Reports 1997-2006) World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Malaysia |
| Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Malaysia, from Kirken i Norge Category Religion in Malaysia, from Wikipedia Article History of the Jews in Malaysia, from Wikipedia; Malaysia, from International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project Catholic Church in Malaysia, from GCatholic |
| History of Regions |
see History of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan,
Labuan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan,
North Borneo (Sabah),
Pahang, Perak, Perlis,
Sarawak, Selangor, Trengganu at this site States of Malaysia, Districts of Malaysia, from www.statoids.com |
| Local History |
History of Kuala Lumpur, from Kiat.Net; from
Wikipedia History of Ipoh, from Wikipedia; History of Malacca (Melaka), from Wikipedia; History of Penang (Pulau Pinang), from Wikipedia; History of Kuching, from Wikipedia |
| Institutions |
History, from Bursa Malaysia;
from Wikipedia Article University of Malaya, from Wikipedia Radio Televisyen Malaysia, from Wikipedia Keretapi Tanah Melayu (Malaysia Railways), from Wikipedia Malayan Railway Blog, F.M.S. Railway - KTMB Historical Date Malaya, Malaysia, from Airline History Structurae : Malaysia; Search Lighthouse Depot for Malaysia |
| Culture |
Online books on History of Malaysian architecture, from ArchNet Malaysia, from UK Food Online, a culinary history of Malaysia |
| Biographies |
List of Malaysians, from Wikipedia |
| Others |
International Boundary Studies,
search for Malaysia Disaster History by Country : Malaysia, from Relief Web; Category Disasters in Malaysia, from Wikipedia Alcohol and Drugs History Society : Malaysia Article Malaysia at the Olympics, from Wikipedia Malaysia : History of Philanthropy, from Philanthropy and the Third Sector in Asia and the Pacific Crime and Society. A Comparative Criminology Tour of the World : Malaysia Malaysia Directory, from Peace Corps Online Indo-Malayan Ecoregion, from WWF |
| DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon);
from Rulers (B. Schemmel);
from Regnal Chronologies;
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated) |
| Lists of Ambassadors |
Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs (de France en Malaisie), from
Ambafrance;
Liste der Botschafter der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), from
Wikipedia
German edition;
U.S. Ambassadors to Malaysia, from NNDB;
Embajadores de Mexico en Malasia, from Acervo Historico Diplomatico List of Canadian Heads of Post, click Malaysia Chinese Ambassadors to the Malaysia, from PRC MOFA |
| Statistical Data | Responsible Institution |
Department of Statistics, Malaysia |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Malaysia, from Population Statistics (J. Lahmeyer) City Population : Malaysia, from City Population |
| Exchange Rates |
Historical Exchange Rates, from Oanda, since 1990 Federal Reserve (U.S.) : Foreign Exchange Rates, Historic |
| Election Results |
from Psephos (since 1999);
from IFES Election Guide (since 1999) Elections and Electoral Systems : Malaysia |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers | Official Gazettes |
Warta Kerajaan Persekutuan : e-Warta Persekutuan |
| Links, Overviews |
Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers] The History of Malaysia, from World History Archives |
| Modern Newspapers | links from Online Newspapers, from World Newspapers |
| Newsreels |
British Pathe Wochenschau-Archiv (in German) Archief Beeld en Geluid : Polygoon (in Dutch) |
| Image Databanks |
Systematic Collections General |
Sejarah Melayu Gallery |
|
Systematic Collections Specialist |
Malaysia Design Archive Masruddin, Old Photos of Malaysia, uncommented Historic Photos of Liberation, Malaysia Militarum Rod38, Old Penang Island, photos; dotphoto : Old Penang Photos T.S. Bok, Malacca, Historical City, recent photos, often of old objects |
| Accidental Collections |
Wikimedia Commons |
|
Oriental Collections Items on Malaysia |
Asian Historical Architecture, a Photographic Survey |
|
Universal Collections Items on Malaysia |
License Plates, from Francoplaque, from
License Plates of the World Historic Picture Postcards, from Postcardman, commercial site Airline Timetable Images : Malaysia |
| Archival Deposits |
Digital Library Malaysia National Archives (UK) U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, search for Malaysia Search Janus for Malaya, Malaysia, Straits Settlements, Sarawak, North Borneo etc. Search CIA Released Documents for Malaysia |
| Constitutions, Laws |
International Law Library : Malaysia Malaysian Legislation Database (1914-) Digital Library Malaysia, click "Parliament" List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by Malaya/Malaysia, from ILO, 15 docs. since 1957 |
| Treaties |
Malaysian Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Bilateral Agreements (lists titles) Australian Treaty Series : Bilateral Treaties - Malaysia Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken (Mofa, NL ; enter "Maleisie" in field : "Lijst samenstellen op land of regio", 3 entries; sources posted in Dutch language United Nations Treaty Series, search for Malaysia |
| Document Surveys | British Library, Guide to Current South Asian Official Publications; scroll down for Malaysia |
| Document Collections |
| Historical Maps | responsible institutions |
JUPEM Geoportal, Official Portal Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia |
| collections : Malaysia |
click WHKMLA Historical Atlas, Malaya Page,
Malaysia Page Maps, from Sejarah Melayu Gallery Maps of Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei, posted by Mapas Imperiales, scans, scroll down for Indonesia, Malasia y Brunei Malaysia Maps, PCL, UTexas Atlas of Malaysia, from Wikimedia Commons David Rumsey Map Collection : Malaysia Search Koninklijk Instituutvoor de Tropen, Nederlandse Koloniaale Kaarten Atlas of Mutual Heritage PRINT : J.M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of South-East Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G] |
| Malaysia, Modern |
| Malaysia, Contemporary |
| Detail, Modern |
Insulindia 1941,
1949,
1996, J. de Salas Vara del Rey |
| Detail, Contemporary |
Straits Settlements Map, britishempire.co.uk Pacific War : Malaya 1941-1942, Wikipedia Malacca 1854, Wikipedia P. Elias, Stad en Kasteel Malacca, 1780, Wikipedia Sarawak 1860s, History to the Max Malay Peninsula 1906, 1922, 1932, Straits Settlements 1906, from Probert Encyclopedia W.M. Crocker, North Borneo 1881, history-map.com North Borneo 1899, historyz |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) Hansard Parlimen Malaysia 1959- |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Institutions | Archives |
National Archives of Malaysia;
Repositories of Primary Sources : Asia : Malaysia, from Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages, 8 entries UNESCO Archives Portal : National Archives Asia Pacific, has one entry for Malaysia (Nov. 13th 2006), scroll down; UNESCO Archives Portal : State and Regional Archives, Asia-Pacific Malaysia, 1 entry |
| Musea | Lists, Links |
Museums in Malaysia |
| Musea | Museum Websites |
| Monuments |
Tentative Lists : Malaysia,
World Heritage List, scroll down for Malaysia, from UNESCO World Heritage Malaysia Index, from Showcaves |
| Libraries |
Libraries in Malaysia, from LibDex |
| National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW; Coat of Arms, from
International Civic Heraldry;
National Anthem, from National Anthems Net |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Banknotes of Malaya;
Malaya and British North Borneo,
Malaysia (attached Sarawak, British North Borneo);
from Ron Wise's World Paper Money; from Zeno Banknotes of Malaya, Malaya & British Borneo, Malaysia, from World Currency Museum Coins of Johor, Malacca, Patani-Kelantan, Terengganu, Portuguese Malacca, Penang, Borneo, Straits Settlements, from Zeno |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| Bibliographies | general |
Search ISBN Database RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library |
| on Malaysia | survey of bibliographies |
| bibliographic database |
Malaysian National Bibliography, IFLA Entry |
| general bibliographies |
pp.263-350 in Amarjit Kaur, Historical Dictionary of Malaysia, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow, 2nd edition 2001, KMLA Library R 959.5 K21h Malaysia, from The Online Books Page NNDB Bibliography Malaysia |
| annual bibliographies |
| specialist bibliographies |
Malaysia Women's Studies Bibliography, from UC Berkeley Library Tribal Textiles : Malaysia Bibliography A Bibliography of Christianity in Malaysia |
| serial publications |
Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS) New Asia Books : Malaysia |
|
general bibliographies Malaysia entries |
Search Asian Development Bank (ADB) Publications for Malaysia ASEAN Environmental Education Inventory Database, resources, scroll down for Malaysia Food and Culture (a bibliography), by R.T. Dirks, click on South East Asia South East Asia Dissertations, click Malaysia |
| booksellers |
Nutmeg Publications. Malaysian Heritage Publications Books on Malaysia, from Orchid Press |
| Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
e-corpus Gallica Center for Research Libraries (CRL) International Boundary Studies, search for Malaysia |
| on Malaysia |
Digital Library Malaysia South East Asian Studies, Student Theses, from Ohio University ISEAS Working Papers, Back Issues 2000-2003 |
| Theses Server |
Malaysian Theses Online |
| Online Journals |
South East Asia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS;
Indonesia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS;
Search Electronic Journals Online for
Thailand Journal of Southeast Asian History 1960-1969, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2009-, from Cambridge Journals Online (require registration) ASEAS (Austrian Journal of South East Asian Studies), open access, 2008- Asia Insights, from NIAS, 2002- Southeast Asian Studies 1963-, mostly in Japanese Explorations, 1997- Graduate Student Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, CSEAS, Univ. of Hawaii |
| Historiography |
Article : Malay Historical Writing, by E.U. Kraatz, pp.585-589, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
| General Accounts | on SE Asia |
Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c |
| on Malaysia |
Barbara Watson Andaya, Leonard V. Andaya, A History of Malaysia, Honolulu : Univ. of Hawai'i Press 2001, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959.5 A 543h Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.27, pp.745-755 Article Southeast Asia : Malaysia KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.27 |
| Specific Topics |
British Malaya, in : Lilian Charlotte, Economic History of Asia and Africa, New Delhi (c. 1926) reprint 1998, pp.469-485 [G] Kumar Ramakrishna, Emergency Propaganda. The Winning of Malayan Hearts and Minds 1948-1958, Padstow : Curzon 2002 |
| Economic, Social History |
Second Malaysia Plan 1971-1975, Kuala Lumpur : Government Press 1971 [G] |
| Historical Atlasses |
Jan M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of Southeast Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G] |
| Statistical Data |
IHS : B.R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics. Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750-2000, London : Palgrave 2003 [G] |
| Historical Dictionaries |
Amarjit Kaur, Historical Dictionary of Malaysia, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow, 2nd edition 2001 Articles : Sabah pp.465-467, Sarawak pp.487-489, in : James Minahan, Nations without States, A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements, Westport CT : Greenwood 1996 [G] |
