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| History of Thailand |
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Pattani |
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| History of Thailand |
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Pattani |
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The Kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat or Kingdom of Ligor was a vassal state of the Kingdoms of Sukhothai
(until 1351), then of Auytthaya (until 1767), after the fall of which it enjoyed a brief period of independence,
only to be subjected to vassall status again by King Taksin (1767-1782). In the early 19th century, the Raja of Ligor was to take charge of
military operations on the Malay Peninsula on behalf of the King of Siam. The vassal kingdom was abolished
in the late 19th century, and the province of Nakhon Si Thammarat established in 1896. Portuguese, V.O.C. and E.I.C. vessels frequented Ligor from the early 17th into the 18th century. Spelling Varieties : Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Nakornsrithammarat, Tambralinga, Lugor, Ligor, Ligore, Ligoor List of Wars : Malayan Peninsula |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Current |
| Historical |
J. Anderson, Political and commercial considerations relative to the
Malayan peninsula and the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca, 1824; on the Siamese Campaign against Kedah; numerous
references regarding the actions of the Raja or Ligor Lower Siam - Ligor, pp.95-108, in : Captain Low's History of Tenasserim, in vol.13 of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 1837, GB |
| Links |
| Timelines |
Search Google News Archive for Nakhon Si Thammarat; click timeline |
| Accounts of History |
Articles Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom,
Nakhon Si Thammarat, from Welcome to Thailand Fukami Sumio, The Rise of Tambralinga and the South East Asian Commercial Boom in the Thirteenth Century, IEHC 2006 Peter James Begbie, Diptendra M. Banerjee, The Malayan Peninsula embracing its history, manners and customs of the Inhabitants, Politics, Natural History etc., from its earliest periods , 1834, GB ; numerous Ligore, Ligor entries |
| Military |
J. Anderson, Political and commercial considerations relative to the
Malayan peninsula and the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca, 1824; on the Siamese Campaign against Kedah; numerous
references regarding the actions of the Raja or Ligor |
| Economy & Finances |
For the Love of Tin. The V.O.C. in Ligor, from IIAS |
| Ethnography |
Phaya Phibi Phakdi, Thailand's Southern Border Problems |
| Religion |
Angela Burr, The Relationship between Muslim Peasant
Religion and Urban Religion in Songkhla (1983) Wat Mahathat, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, from My Unseen Thailand |
| History of Regions |
Songkhla Province, from Wikipedia,
Songkha, Thai Seat of Old Malay Kingdom, from Brunei Times Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, from Wikipedia Phatthalung Province, from Wikipedia |
| Local History |
Article : Nakhon Si Thammarat : History, from Wikipedia;
on the city by that name |
| Institutions |
History of Songkhla National Museum |
| Culture |
Nakhon Si Thammarat, from
UNESCO Bangkok |
| Others |
Indo-Malayan Ecoregion, from WWF |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
| Documents | Image Databanks |
| Archival Deposits |
Search ARCHIEVEN.NL for Ligoor Search TANAP Database of V.O.C. Documents for Ligoor Search National Archives (UK) for Ligore |
| Treaties |
J.E. Heeres (ed.), Corpus Diplomaticum Neerlando-Indicum, Verzameling van politieke contracten en verdere Verdragen door de
Nederlanders in het Oosten gesloten, van Privilegiebrieven aan hen verleend, enz.,
vol.1 1907, covering 1596-1650, posted on Internet Archive;
search for Ligor; here English-language ToC Treaty between the Honourable East India Company and the King of Siam, pp.616-619 (reference to Ligore), in : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select committee on the East India company, Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Affairs of the East India Company, 16th August 1832, and Minutes of Evidence, 1833, GB |
| Document Collections |
Joao Baptista Lavanha, Da Asia de Joao de Barros e de Diogo de Couto :
Da Asia de Diogo de Couto. Dos Feitos, que os Portugueses Fizeram na Conquista, e Descubrimento das Terras, e Mares do Oriente.
vol.2 : Decada Primeira. Parte Segunda, 1777 ;
vol.4 : Decada Segunda. Parte Segunda, 1777 ;
vol.9 : Vida de Joao de Barros por Manoel Severim de Faria e Indice Geral das
Quatro Decadas de sua Asia, 1778 ; search for Lugor |
| Historical Maps |
Search Atlas of Mutual Heritage for Ligoor, Songkhla, Singora Thailand : Ethnic Groups, from PCL, UTexas Map of SE Asia featuring Ligor as part of Siam, from Franz Aefferden, El atlas abreviado o compendiosa geographia del mundo antiguo y nuevo, 1709 |
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Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
Articles Malay Peninsula,
Nakhon Si Tammarat, from EB 1911 Articles Ligor, Siam, from Pierer's Universal-Lexikon 1857-1865, in German |
| Religious |
De la Religion du Royaumes de Tenasserim, de Jor, de Pan,
de Patane, de Lugor, de Jonsalem et de Bengarin,
pp.279-284 in vol.3 of Nicolas Jovet, L'histoire des religions de tous les royaumes du monde, 1710, in French, GB |
| Economic |
On Ligor, pp.140-141, 167 in :
P.D. Huet, Memoirs of the Dutch trade in all the states, empires, and kingdoms in the world, 1719, GB Ligore, p.325 in vol.2 of William Milburn, Oriental commerce, 1813, GB E.G. Balfour, The cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, commercial, industrial, and scientific; products of the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms, useful arts and manufactures (1885), vol.1, vol.2, vol.3, posted on Internet Archive; search for Ligor, Ligore |
| Geographical |
Royaume de Patane & Lugor, pp.640-643 in P. d'Avity, Le Monde,
ou la Description generale de ses quatre parties, 1643, in French, GB Sian, pp.61-63 in : Nicholas Sanson, L'Europe [l'Asie, l'Afrique, l'Amerique] en plusieurs cartes, 1683, in French, GB; reference on Patane p.63 Ligor, p.342 in : F. Ferrari, Novum lexicon geographicum, 1697, in Latin, GB Ligor und Patane, p.727 in J.E.B., Compendieuse Staats-Beschreibung Des Durchlauchtigen Welt-Kreises, 1721, in German, GB Ligore, pp.159-160 in : vol.2 of Alexander Hamilton, A new account of the East Indies, 1744, GB On Ligor, p.122 in vol.7 of T.G. Smollett, The present state of all nations, 1769, GB J.C.M.R., Korte Schets van den tegenwoordigen staat van het Half-Eiland beoosten de Ganges, pp.317-347 in : vol.4 of Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap der Kunsten en Weetenschappen, 1786 on Ligoor pp.321-322 Article : Ligore, p.447 in R. Brookes, A new universal gazetteer, 1832, GB Article Ligor, from Geografisk-Statistisk Haandbog 1858-1863, in Danish |
| Historical |
Lugor Regno, p.441 in Juan Gonzalez de Mendoza,
Dell'Historia della China, 1590, in Italian, GB Ligor, p.32 in vol.52 of Histoire Universelle, Depuis Le Commencement Du Monde Jusqu'a Present, 1783, in French, GB |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
The Misfortune that befell us at the entry into the River of Lugor,
pp.42-46 in vol.3 of The voyages and adventures of Fernand Mendez Pinto, 1653, GB Relation du voyage de Perse et des Indes orientales, traduite de l'Anglois de Thomas Herbert, avec les revolutions arrivees au Royaume de Siam l'an mil six cens quarante-sept, trafuites du Flamand de Ieremie van Vliet, 1663, in French, GB, on Ligoor pp.608-632 On Ligor, pp.xxv-xxvii in vol.7 of the The Quarterly oriental magazine, review and register, 1827, GB Excursions in the Peninsula of Siam : Ligor, pp.84-86 in : vol.15 of the The Oriental herald, 1827, GB Excursion in Siam : Ligor, pp.55-57 in : vol.24 of The Asiatic journal and monthly register for British and its Dependencies, 1827, GB Ausflucht nach Siam (on Ligor), pp.257-262 in : Neue allgemeine geographische (und statistische) Ephemeriden, 1828, in German, GB Excursions to the Eastward. Extracts from the Journal of a Political Mission to the Raja of Ligor in Siam, by Captain James Low, pp.583-608 in vol.7 pt.2 of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1838, GB |
| Institutions | Archives |
| Musea |
Article : Nakhon Si Thammarat National Museum,
from Wikipedia Songkhla National Museum from Thailand Museum |
| Monuments |
| Libraries |
Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, website in Thai |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Chavalit Ungwittayatorn,
Ancient Coins in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Muang Boran Journal |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
| on S.E. Asia / Ligor |
Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS) |
| Online Libraries | general |
Gutenberg Library Online,
Internet Archive e-corpus Search DBNG for Ligor etc. |
| Online Journals | Guides |
Electronic Journals Online |
| modern, on SE Asia |
South East Asia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS;
Journal of Southeast Asian History 1960-1969,
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2009-,
from Cambridge Journals Online (require registration) ASEAS (Austrian Journal of South East Asian Studies), open access, 2008- Asia Insights, from NIAS, 2002- Southeast Asian Studies 1963-, mostly in Japanese Explorations, 1997- Graduate Student Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, CSEAS, Univ. of Hawaii |
| historic, on Siam |
The Siam repository: containing a summary of Asiatic intelligence
vol.2, 1870, IA |
| General Accounts | On Southeast Asia |
Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c |
| On the Isthm of Kra |
David K. Wyatt, Thailand - A Short History, New Haven : Yale Univ. Press (1982) 1986 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.27, pp.769-779 Article Southeast Asia : Thailand KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.27 |
| Specific Topics |
A.F. Steuart, A Short Sketch of the Lives of Francis and William Light, the Founders of Penang and Adelaide (1901), posted on
Internet Archive |
