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History of Kedah Selangor
First posted on December 21st 2004, last revised on May 4th 2010






After the fall of the city of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511, the Sultanate of Perak was established by a son of the Sultan of Malacca in 1528. Perak was rich in tin and therefore attracted the interest of foreign powers - the Sultanate of Pattani, the Portuguese, from 1641 onward the V.O.C., from 1767 onward Siam. The acquisition of Penang by the E.I.C. in 1786 brought in another political actor. When a Siamese army ravaged the adjacent Sultanate of Kedah in 1825, Britain applied diplomatic pressure on Siam to avoid the same fate to befall the Sultanate of Perak.
In 1875 Perak accepted a British resident; in 1895 Perak joined the Federated Malay States. After the Japanese occupation 1942 to 1945, Perak joined the Federation of Malaya (1946-1963), in 1963 it joined Malaysia.

Alternative spellings : Perak, Pera, Perah, Pulo Dinding

Timelines : Perak
Historical Atlas, Malaya Page
Lst of Wars : Malayan Peninsula








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WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES
Country Profiles Current from Wikipedia; from Virtual Malaysia
Historic Perak, pp.22-26 in Th.J. Newbold, Political and Statistical Account of the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca, viz. Pinang, Malacca and Singapur, with a History of the Malayan States on the Peninsula of Malacca, vol.2, 1839
J. Anderson, Political and commercial considerations relative to the Malayan Penisula British Settlements in the Straits of Malaya (1824), posted on Internet Archive
Links General Category : Perak, from Wikipedia
on History Category : History of Perak, from Wikipedia
Historical Dictionary N.B. Dennys, A Descriptive Dictionary of British Malaya (1894), posted on Internet Archive
Organizations on Asian History International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA)
on SE Asian History Japan Society for Southeast Asian Studies (JSSEAS)
The International Center for East Asian Archaeology and Cultural History (ICEAACH)
Finnish University Network for East and Southeast Asian Studies
on Malaysia History Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS)
Perak Heritage Society
Timelines Search Google News Archive for Perak; click timeline
Accounts of History History of Perak, from Wikipedia; Perak Sultanate, from Melayu Online; from My Far East; by Christopher Buyers
F.A. Swettenham, British Malaya: An Account of the Origin and Progress of British Influence in Malaya (1907), posted on Internet Archive
P.J. Begbie, The Malayan Peninsula Embracing its History, Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants, Politics, Natural History etc., from its Earliest Records, 1834, GB
Politics
Military Perak : Orders and Decorations, by Christopher Buyers
The Perak War, from Serajah Melayu
Economy & Finances
Social History
Ethnography J.F.A. McNair, Perak and the Malays: "sarong" and "kris." (1878), posted on Internet Archive
Religion
Local History
Institutions
Others History of the State Anthems of Malaysia, by Michael Jamison Bristow
Brief History of the Royal Family of Perak State, from The Perak Royal Families
Indo-Malayan Ecoregion, from WWF

WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS
Historical Data Lists of Statesmen Malay States, from World Statesmen
Genealogical Gleanings : Perak
Population Figures Malaysia, Historical Population Statistics by Province, from Population Statistics, by J. Lahmeyer
Documents Historical Newspapers Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers]
Image Databanks Wikimedia Commons
Postcards, from Sejarah Melayu Gallery
Search Delcampe Picture Postcards for Perak
Locomotives of the Malayan Railway, by Tim Light
Archival Deposits Search Janus
Search ARCHIEVEN.NL
Search New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
Digital Library Malaysia
Search National Archives (UK)
Constitutions, Laws Malaysian Legislation Database (1914-)
Digital Library Malaysia, click "Parliament"
The laws of the Federated Malay States, 1877-1920 vol.1 (1921), vol.2 (1921), vol.3 (1921), posted on Internet Archive
Treaties Treaty with Perak 1818, pp.474-476 in Th.J. Newbold, Political and Statistical Account of the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca, viz. Pinang, Malacca and Singapur, with a History of the Malayan States on the Peninsula of Malacca, vol.1, 1839
Document Collections
Historical Maps Maps, from Sejarah Melayu Gallery
Historical
Encyclopedia Entries 		Secular Articles Malay Peninsula, Malay States (British), from EB 1911
Religious
Economic Pera, p.316 in vol.2 of W. Milburn, Oriental Commerce, 1813, GB
Pera, p.342 in Oriental commerce, or, The East India trader's complete guide, 1825, GB
E.G. Balfour, The cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, commercial, industrial, and scientific; products of the mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms, useful arts and manufactures (1885), vol.1, vol.2, vol.3, posted on Internet Archive; search for Perak
Geographical Royaume de Pera, pp.638-639 in P. d'Avity, Le Monde, ou la Description generale de ses quatre parties, 1643, in French, GB
Perah, p.74 in A. Hamilton, A new account of the East Indies, 1744, GB
Pulo Dinding, p.705 in : vol.2 of N.M. de Morvillier, Encyclopedie Methodique: Geographie Moderne, 1784, in French, GB
Pulo Dinding, p.337 in J. Huddart, The Oriental Navigator, or, New Directions for Sailing to and from the East, 1801, GB
Perak, in R. Brookes, The General Gazetteer or Compendious Geographical Dictionary, 1812, GB, unpaginated
River Pera, p.232 in J.H. Tuckey, Maritime Geography and Statistics , 1815, GB
Pera, p.393 in C. Malte-Brun, Universal Geography, or, a Description of all the Parts of the World, 1822, GB
Perak p.391 in vol.1 of W. Hamilton, The East Indian Gazetteer , 1828, GB
Article : Perak, p.592 in R. Brookes, A New Universal Gazetteer, 1832, GB
Der Malayenstaat Perak, pp.27-29 in vol.5 of C. Ritter, Die Erdkunde von Asien, 1835, in German, GB
Historical
Other Article : Malaische Schutzstaaten, from Röll, Enzyklopädie des Eisenbahnwesens (Encyclopedia of Railroads) 2nd ed. 1912-1923, in German
Parliamentary Debates Hansard (British Parliament)
Tour Guides, Travelogues
Residence Memoirs G.B. Cerrutti, My friends the savages : notes and observations of a Perak settler, Malay Peninsula (1908), posted on Internet Archive
Institutions Archives National Archives of Malaysia
Musea Malaysian Museums
Monuments
Libraries
National Symbols Flags, Coats of Arms Flag of Perak, from FOTW
Coins, Banknotes Coin Catalog of Perak, from Numismaticon; Search Coin Archives for Perak
Currencies of Pahang, Perak and Selangor, from History of Money in Malaysia

PRINTED REFERENCE
Bibliographies general RHS Bibliography
UK National Archive Online Library
ISBN Database
on Perak Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS)
Online Libraries general Internet Archives
Gutenberg Library Online
e-corpus
Search New Zealand Electronic Text Centre for Perak
on SE Asia South East Asia Digital Library (project)
South East Asia Visions, at Cornell
ISEAS Working Papers, Back Issues 2000-2003
on Malaysia Digital Library Malaysia
Sejarah Melayu Library
Thesis Server Malaysian Theses Online
Online Journals Guides Electronic Journals Online
modern, on SE Asia South East Asia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS; Journal of Southeast Asian History 1960-1969, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2009-, from Cambridge Journals Online (require registration)
ASEAS (Austrian Journal of South East Asian Studies), open access, 2008-
Asia Insights, from NIAS, 2002-
Southeast Asian Studies 1963-, mostly in Japanese
Explorations, 1997- Graduate Student Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, CSEAS, Univ. of Hawaii
historic, on Asia The Quarterly Oriental Magazine, Review and Register (Calcutta) 1824 Mar.-Jun., 1825 Jan.-Jun., 1825 Jul.-Dec., 1826 Jan.-Jun., 1826 Jul.-Dec., 1827 Jan.-Jun., 1827 Jul.-Dec., GB
Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany for British India and its Dependencies (London) vol.1 1816 Jan.-Jun., vol.2 1816 Jul.-Dec., vol.3 1817 Jan.-Jun., vol.4 1817 Jul.-Dec., vol.5 1818 Jan.-Jun., vol.6 1818 Jul.-Dec., vol.7 1819 Jan.-Jun., vol.8 1819 Jul.-Dec., vol.9 1820 Jan.-Jun., vol.10 1820 Jul.-Dec., vol.11 1821 Jan.-Jun., vol.12 1821 Jul.-Dec., vol.13 1822 Jan.-Jun., vol.14 1822 Jul.-Dec., vol.15 1823 Jan.-Jun., vol.16 1823 Jul.-Dec., vol.17 1824 Jan.-Jun., vol.18 1824 Jul.-Dec., vol.19 1825 Jan.-Jun., vol.20 1825 Jul.-Dec., vol.21 1826 Jan.-Jun., vol.22 1826 Jul.-Dec., vol.23 1827 Jan.-Jun., vol.24 1827 Jul.-Dec., vol.25 1828 Jan.-Jun., vol.26 1828 Jul.-Dec., vol.27 1829 Jan.-Jun., vol.28 1829 Jul.-Dec., The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China and Australasia (London), vol.1 1830 Jan.-Apr., vol.2 1830 May-Aug., vol.3 1830 Sep.-Dec., vol.4 1831 Jan.-Apr., vol.5 1831 May-Aug., vol.6 1831 Sep.-Dec., vol.7 1832 Jan.-Apr., vol.8 1832 May-Aug., vol.9 1832 Sep.-Dec., vol.10 1833 Jan.-Apr., vol.11 1833 May-Aug., vol.12 1833 Sep.-Dec., vol.13 1834 Jan.-Apr., vol.14 1834 May-Aug., vol.15 1834 Sep.-Dec., vol.16 1835 Jan.-Apr., vol.17 1835 May-Aug., vol.18 1835 Sep.-Dec., vol.19 1836 Jan.-Apr., vol.20 1836 May-Aug., vol.21 1836 Sep.-Dec., vol.22 1837 Jan.-Apr., vol.23 1837 May-Aug., vol.24 1837 Sep.-Dec., vol.25 1838 Jan.-Apr., vol.26 1838 May-Aug., vol.27 1838 Sep.-Dec., vol.28 1839 Jan.-Apr., vol.29 1839 May-Aug., vol.31 1840 Jan.-Apr., vol.32 1840 May-Aug., vol.33 1840 Sep.-Dec., vol.34 1841 Jan.-Apr., vol.35 1841 May-Aug., vol.36 1841 Sep.-Dec., vol.37 1842 Jan.-Apr., vol.38 1842 May-Aug., vol.39 1843 Sep.-Dec., vol.40 1843 Jan.-Apr., The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany, vol.1 1843 May-Oct., vol.2 1843 Nov.-1844 Apr., vol.3 1844 May-Oct., vol.4 1844 Nov.-1845 Apr., GB
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland (London), vol.1, 1834, vol.2, 1835, vol.3, 1836, vol.4, 1837, vol.5, 1839, vol.6, 1841, vol.7, 1843, vol.8, 1846, vol.9, 1848, vol.10, 1847, vol.12, 1850, vol.13, 1852, vol.14 pt.1, 1851, vol.15, 1855, vol.16, 1856, vol.17, 1860, vol.18, 1861, vol.19, 1864, vol.20, 1863, New Series, vol.1, 1865, vol.2, 1866, vol.3, 1868, vol.4, 1870, 1904, 1935, GB
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Calcutta), vol.1, 1832 Jan.-Dec., vol.3, 1834 Jan.-Dec., vol.4, 1835 Jan.-Dec., vol.5, 1836 Jan.-Dec., vol.6 pt.1 1837 Jan.-Jun., vol.6 pt.2 1837 Jul.-Dec., vol.7 pt.1 1838 Jan.-Jun., vol.7 pt.2 1838 Jul.-Dec., vol.9 pt.2 1840 Jul.-Dec., vol.10 pt.1 1841 Jan.-Jun., vol.10 pt.2 1841 Jul.-Dec., vol.11 pt.1 1842 Jan.-Jun., vol.11 pt.2 1842 Jul.-Dec., vol.12 pt.1 1843 Jan.-Jun., vol.12 pt.2 1843 Jul.-Dec., vol.13 pt.1 1844 Jan.-Jun., vol.13 pt.2 1844 Jul.-Dec., vol.14 pt.1 1845 Jan.-Jun., vol.14 pt.2 1845 Jul.-Dec., vol.15 1846, vol.16 pt.1 1847 Jan.-Jun., vol.17 pt.1 1848 Jan.-Jun., vol.17 pt.2 1848 Jul.-Dec., vol.18 pt.1 1849 Jan.-Jun., vol.18 pt.2 1849 Jul.-Dec., vol.19 1850, vol.20 1851, vol.21 1852, vol.22 1853, vol.23 issues 1-4 1854, vol.23 issues 5-7 1854, vol.26 1857, vol.27 1858, vol.28 1859, vol.29 1860, vol.31 1862, vol.32 1863, vol.33 1864, vol.36 1867, vol.37 1868, vol.38 1869, GB
Asiatic Society of Bengal, Dissertations and Miscellaneous Pieces Relating to the History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences and Literature of Asia (London) vol.1 1801, vol.2 1801, vol.3 1796, vol.4 1798, Asiatick Researches; or Transactions of the Society Instituted in Bengal for Inquiring into the History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences and Literature of Asia, vol.5 1799, vol.6 1801, vol.7 1803, vol.8 1808, vol.9 1809, vol.10 1811, vol.11 1812, vol.12 1818, vol.13 1820, vol.14 1822, vol.15 1825, vol.16 1828, vol.17 1832, vol.20 1836, GB
The Oriental Herald and Colonial Review (London) vol.1 1824 Jan.-Apr., vol.2 1824 May-Aug., The Oriental Herald and Journal of General Literature (London) vol.4 1825 Jan.-Mar., vol.6 1825 Jul.-Sep., vol.7 1825 Oct.-Dec., vol.8 1826 Jan.-Mar., vol.9 1826 Apr.-Jun., vol.10 1826 Jul.-Sep., vol.11 1826 Oct.-Dec., vol.12 1827 Jan.-Mar., vol.13 1827 Apr.-Jun., vol.14 1827 Jul.-Sep., vol.15 1827 Oct.-Dec., vol.16 1828 Jan.-Mar., vol.17 1828 Apr.-Jun., vol.18 1828 Jul.-Sep., vol.19 1828 Oct.-Dec., vol.21 1829 Apr.-Jun., vol.22 1829 Jul.-Sep., vol.23 1829 Oct.-Dec., GB
The Asiatic Annual Register or a View of the History of Hindustan and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia, vol.1 1799, vol.2 1800, vol.3 1801, vol.4 1802, vol.5 1803, vol.6 1804, vol.7 1805, vol.8 1806 pt.2, vol.9 1807, vol.10 1808, vol.11 1809, vol.12 1810-1811, GB
Journal Asiatique 1822-1937, posted by Gallica, in French
General Accounts on Southeast Asia Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c
On Malaya / Malaysia Barbara Watson Andaya, Leonard V. Andaya, A History of Malaysia, Honolulu : Univ. of Hawai'i Press 2001, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959.5 A 543h
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.27, pp.745-755 Article Southeast Asia : Malaysia KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.27
Specific Topics
Historical Atlas HASEA : Jan M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of South-East Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G]
Siam, the Malay States and Britain, 15th to 20th Centuries, pp.247-253 in : G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville, Historical Atlas of Islam, NY : Continuum (1991) 2003 [G]
Yearbook Entries Article Perak, in : Britannica Book of the Year 1913 p. 630 (on events of 1912) [G]
Article : Perak, in : New International Year Book 1913 p.532 [G]