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Bima Sumbawa
First posted on January 13th 2010, last revised on May 11th 2010






In earlier times, Sumba belonged to the Sultanate of Bima, later to the Sultanate of Gowa. In the 18th century the island was divided into a number of local polities. www.almanach.be lists 25 : Anakalang, Gaura, Kambera, Kanatang, Kapunduk, Kodi Belagar, Kodi Bengado, Kodi Besar, Lakoka, Lauli, Laura, Lawonda, Lewa, Massu Karera, Melolo, Membora, Menjili, Napu, Rende, Tabundung, Tanah Riung, Umbu Ratu Nggay, Waijelu, Waijewa, Wanokaka.
Based on a treaty of 1756 the V.O.C. claimed sovereignty over Sumba. The claim was inherited by the Dutch East Indies. Only in 1866 was a Dutch civil governor appointed, while the administration of the village communities was left to locals. In 1906 the Dutch implemented the "Pacification" of the island.

Alternate spellings/names : Sumba, Soemba, Sandalwood Island, Tjiendan, Sandelhout Eiland, Tjumba, Tjindana

see also V.O.C., Dutch East Indies, since 1949 Indonesia







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WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES
Country Profiles Article : Sumba, from Wikipedia
Links Categories : Sumba, from Wikipedia
Organizations Institute of Indonesia Tenggara Timur (Institute of NTT Developmentr Studies)
Portals Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsblog
Historical Dictionaries
Timelines Search Google News Archive for Sumba, click Timeline
Timeline of Indonesian History, from Sejarah Indonesia , 11 sub-timelines, illustrated, very detailed
Accounts of History General History of Sumba Island, from Indonesia Tourism
Geschiedenis van de kleine Sunda eilanden, from Travel Marker
Het eiland Sumba : geschiedenis, from Anak Sumba
Article : Soemba : Geschiedenis, from Wikipedia Dutch edition
Specific Periods
Historiography
Military David Mitchell, Tragedy in Sumba, frim Inside Indonesia
Economy & Finances Cynthia Fowler, Why is Maize a Sacred Plant ? Social History and Agrarian Change on Sumba, abstract of 2005 article posted on Bio One
Ethnography Cynthia Fowler, Why is Maize a Sacred Plant ? Social History and Agrarian Change on Sumba, abstract of 2005 article posted on Bio One
J. Stephen Lansing, Coevolution of languages and genes on the island of Sumba, eastern Indonesia, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007
R. Needham, Circulating Connubium in Eastern Sumatra. A literary analysis BTLV 113 1957 pp.168-178
M.J. Adams, Symbols of the Organized Community in East Sumba, Indonesia, BTLV 1974
The Local Elite and the Appropriation of Modernity. A Case in East Sumba, Indonesia, Diss. Nijmegen 2008 by Y.A. Twikromo
Religion Tyler Keeley, Sumba : History and Religion, posted by Gado Gado International
Cynthia Fowler, Why is Maize a Sacred Plant ? Social History and Agrarian Change on Sumba, abstract of 2005 article posted on Bio One
Indisch filmarchief: 'De tabakscultuur op Midden Java' en 'Java-Soemba film' Films van cameraman I.A. Ochse from VPRO, in Dutch; Java-Soemba (1928) on mission
Nederlands Gereformeerd zendingswerk op het eiland Soemba, Evangelieverkondiging op oost-Soemba
Local History History Page, from the Wanukaka Website
Anakalang, Gaura, Kambera, Kanatang, Kapunduk, Kodi Belagar, Kodi Bengado, Kodi Besar, Lakoka, Lauli, Laura, Lawonda, Lewa, Massu Karera, Melolo, Membora, Menjili, Napu, Rende, Tabundung, Tanah Riung, Umbu Ratu Nggay, Waijelu, Waijewa, Wanokaka,
Institutions History, from Komodo National Park
Culture Jason Schenker, An Introduction to the Traditional Music of Sumba (1995), from Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology 13 2008
Sumbanese Arts, from Home in Sumba
Biographies
Others

WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS
Historical Data Lists of Statesmen Indonesia : Princely States : Sumbawa, from World Statesmen
Population Figures
Documents Historical Newspapers Kranten - historisch, from startpagina.nl Dutch language site
Search Archief Leeuwarder Courant (1752-) in Dutch
Search Digitaal Krantenarchief at Regionaal Archief Leiden, in Dutch
Search Papers Past (New Zealand Newspapers 1839-1920)
Search Newspapers SG (Singapore Newspapers 1831-2006)
Historic Australian Newspapers 1803-1954
Image Databanks Geheugen van Nederland; site in Dutch; Tropenmuseum, Amsterdam; Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden; Maritiem Digitaal (Dutch Maritime Musea); Leiden University Digital Sources (mostly images); Wikimedia Commons; Atlas of Mutual Heritage
Koleksi Foto, from Indonesian National Library, site in Bahasa Indonesia
Archival Deposits online Manuscript Collection, from Indonesian National Library, Koleksi Digital
Archival Deposits index online Search ARCHIEVEN.NL
Inventory of the Oriental Manuscripts of the Library of the University of Leiden vol.12
Manuscript Collection, from Indonesian National Library, Koleksi Digital
KITLV Library, Manuscripts and Archives
Memories van Overgave, from IDC Publishers; pdf file contains table of contents
E. Schwidder, E. Vermeij, Guide to the Asian Collections at the International Institute of Social History (IISG 2007) [400 page file]
ING, Repertorium van Zendings- en Missiearchieven, Circa 1800?1960 2007, search for Soemba
Gereformeerde kerken in Nederland - deputaatschap sumbazending, from Het Utrechts Archief
Memories van Overgave, from IDC Publishers; pdf file contains table of contents which lists Soemba
Individual Documents
Historical Maps Atlas of Mutual Heritage
Map Room Netherlands Indies, from Orbat
Historical
Encyclopedia Entries
Secular Article Borneo, in Pierer's Universal-Lexikon 1857-1865, in German, posted by Zeno
Article Bugi, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German, posted by Retro Bibliothek
Article Territorial Divisions of Borneo, from EB 1902
Article Borneo, from Meyers Grosses Konversationslexikon 1902-1909, in German, posted by Zeno
Article Borneo, from EB 1911, posted by Classic Encyclopedia
Economic Sumba, p.394 in W. Milburn, Oriental Commerce, or, The East India trader's Complete Guide, 1825, GB
Geographical R. Williams, Remarks on Sandalwood Island, pp.577-578 in J. Huddart, The Oriental Navigator, or, New Directions for Sailing to and from the East, 1801, GB
Sandalwood Island, p.353 in vol.2 of C. Malte-Brun, Universal Geography 1827, GB
Sandalwood Island, p.500 in vol.1 of W. Hamilton, The East Indian Gazetteer , 1828, GB
Sandelhout-Eiland, pp.314-315 in Ph.P. Roorda van Eysinga, Aardrijksbeschrijving van Nederlandsch Indië, 1838, in Dutch, GB
Article : Sandelhout-Eiland, pp.41-43 in vol.10 of A.J. van der Aa, Aardrijkskundig Woordenboek der Nederlanden, 1847, in Dutch, GB
Article : Sumba (p.420), Sandal-Wood Island (p.375) from John Crawfurd, A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands & Adjacent Countries 1856, posted on Internet Archive
Historical
Parliamentary Debates Staten Generaal Digitaal (Dutch Parliament, 1900-1994)
Hansard (British Parliament, 1800- )
Historical Travelogues
Institutions Archives
Musea Tropenmuseum Amsterdam
The Museum of Mulawarman
Official Symbols Flags, Coats of Arms
Coins

PRINTED REFERENCE
Bibliographies General ISBN Database
of former Colonial Powers Bibliopolis
RHS Bibliography
Nederlandse Bibliografie; DBNG
KITLV Library
on SE Asia Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS)
National Library of Australia, Indonesian Resources from the Dutch Period
Lesser Sunda Isl. Sumba Studies and Research, from Institute NTT Development Studies
Online Libraries General Gutenberg Library Online, Internet Archive
Persee (French search engine)
CIFOR Publications (on Forest Management)
Collections of Theses Narcis (server for theses from the Netherlands)
On Southeast Asia Sejarah Melayu Library
KITLV Aceh Books
Perpustakaan Nasional (Indonesian National Library), click Koleksi Digital
NUS Asia Research Institute ARI Working Papers Series
Lesser Sunda Isl. Institute of NTT Development Studies, Working Papers, mostly in Bahasa Indonesia
Online Journals On South-East Asia Moussons. Recherche en sciences humaines sur l'Asie du Sud-Est
Bulletin de l'Ecole française de l'Extreme Orient 1901-2003
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 1979-
Southeast Asian Studies e-Bulletin 1996-
On the Malay Archipelago Archipel 1971-2004 (French search engine)
BTLV 1853-1908, 1950-2009
Institute of the Malay World and Civilization, Sari 1999-2009, partly in English, partly in Bahasa Malaysia
Lesser Sunda Isl. Journal of NTT Development Studies 2009-; articles mostly in Bahasa Indonesia
On Ethnology Tribal Arts 1994-2004
Shubunken. Asian Ethnology (formerly Asian Folklore Studies) 1942-2008
On Military History Mars et Historia, in Dutch on Dutch Military History
General Accounts on Southeast Asia Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c
On Indonesia, Dutch East Indies Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.21, pp.213-245 Article Indonesia KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.21
Steven Drakeley, The History of Indonesia, Westport CT : Greenwood 2005, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959.8 0763h
on Sumba
Historical Atlasses Jan M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of Southeast Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G]